Appendix:Kadu word lists

The following comparative word list of Kadu languages are from Schadeberg (1994) and Stevenson & Blench (n.d.).

Schadeberg (1994)

Kadu word lists by Schadeberg (1994):

Metadata

The data was collected by Thilo C. Schadeberg from October 1974 to January 1975.

abbreviation	MU	YE	KU	MI	TL	TO	SA	KR	TS
language name	Mudo	Yegang	Kufo	Miri	Talla	Tolibi	Sangali	Krongo	Talasa
people	ka-muɗo	ka-yɛgaŋ	kud̪u maa-guufɔ	kad̪u maa-miri, kad̪u maa-faɗɔ	kaa-d̪alla	ku-d̪uunu	ka-saŋaali	kad̪u mɔ-ɗi	kaa-d̪alasa
locality		ɗi ma-yɛgaŋ; k-ɛɛgaŋ	kuufɔ	ɲɲa maa-miri	t̪alla	ku-d̪uunu	ka-saŋaali
language	t̪u-muɗo	sani ma-yɛgaŋ; d̪-ayga	t̪iŋ-guufɔ	ti-miri, t̪umma maa-miri	t̪in-d̪alla	t̪ʊn-d̪uunu, t̪umma maa-d̪uunu; t̪olibi (language as a whole, rather than a single dialect)	t̪umma ka-saŋaali	niinʊ mɔ-ɗi	t̪alasa
informant name	Muhammed Ibrahim Doka	Tayyib Abd el-Baagi	Jakeliin Faddala	Mahmuud Kabbaashi	Abdalla Ibrahiim Abdalla (Kumoodo)	Abas Kuku Akwa	Adariis Tiiya	Tuttu Anjaali Ajri	Beshiir Aynaak (Kuuku Kafi)
informant birth date	1950	1947	1958	ca. 1937	1945	ca. 1947	1936	1935	1942
informant birth place	J. Kamdang	Timero	Kassala	Miri Juwa	Kadugli	Tunu	Krongo Abdalla	Torooji	Seraf
informant notes			Kufo is her first language which she learned from her grandmother; she has lived at Kufo since 1972.		the same as Abdalîa 1969 in thé bibliography				a recent seulement at thé southern end of the Eliri mountain range
Stevenson	Tulishi	Keiga	Kanga	Miri	Kadugli	Katcha	Tumnia	Krongo	Tumtum
dialect (Stevenson)	Kamdang	Keiga Tummero (Timero)	Kufa	Miri Juwa		Tuna	Krongo Abdulla	Torogi	Talassa

Lexicon

gloss	Mudo	Yegang	Kufo	Miri	Talla	Tolibi	Sangali	Krongo	Talasa	cf.	notes
all	ɲɛ́mak	ɓil	ɓáʔyá	ɲáʔɗɛ̂k	ɗɔ́k	ɲɛ́ɗɗɛ́	agúlli	tʊ́llɪ	ɗúllɛ
animal	ɔ́ɔ́ma marı́ı́ɗa / ɛɛma marı́ı́ɗa	ama mariid̪u		ɛɛma ma-gúrɔ́ / nı́ı́mɔ ma-gúrɔ́;t̪ʊʊɗá ma-gúrɔ́ / ʊʊɗá ma-gúrɔ́	nı́ı́malme / aamalme	nı́ı́mɔ́ marı́ı́dɔ / ɛɛma marı́ı́dɔ		nd̪uuɗa mad̪aar / uuɗa mad̪aar	ɲááma / ɛɛma	thing, blood, meat	YE: COLL; MI: gúrɔ́ outside; TS: thing
arm	nı́ı́sʊ / kisı́nɛ	nissʊ / nisinɛ́	niisʊ́ / iʃı́nɛ	niisʊ / iisinɛ́	niisɔ / kaɗɗɔ́	niisɔ / iisı́nɛ́	niisʊ / ı́ı́sʊnʊ	niisʊ / nı́sinɛ	niisʊ / nisı́nɛ		* = hand; MU, YE, MI, SA, TS: *
ashes	(t̪uhúɗá) / huɗá	fuɗʊ́ʔ	fuɗo gumaabassá	fúɗɔ	fuɗɔ	fúɗɔ́	fúɗɔ́	ndɔɔlɔ	ndɔɔlɔ	earth, rain, sky	KU: white earth
back	ɗɔ́rrɛ / ke-	ɗɔ́(ɔ́)lárɛ / kʊ-		ɗugaarɛ / náɗúgáárɛ	ɗúwääre	ɗɔgɛɛrɛ / nááɗɔ́gɛɛrɛ		dɔ́ɔ́rɔ́ɔ́rı́ / ni-	dɔ́ɔ́rɛ́ / ni-
bad	tááɗɔrɛ	t̪ajɔ́		tá(l)áɗiilá	it̪t̪aara	ɔɔɖarɔkkɔ́		ɔɔrɔ́ɔ́bɔ	aŋɔrɔ́ɔ́ɓɔ́	MIː good	MU: not good; TL: AIA; KR: b or ɓ?
bark n.	inner: t̪ifɛk / ffɛkouter: t̪iŋgɔ́la / kɔ́la	(ı́nd̪i-fɛ́k) / ffɛ́k	tufu / ɒ́-, nɛ́ɛ́túfu	ndufuk / tufuk	(t̪indafuk) / tafuk	inner: (ńɖafu) / ʈáfuouter: mud̪úgáálá maafá	andúfu / túfu	t̪ɛɛfı́	t̪ufɛ́ / nı́d̪ı́ı́fɛ		KU: PL, COLL
belly	áádi / niŋg-	aadı́ / nigidı́	aad̪ı́ / nı́ŋı́d̪ı́	aad̪i / naad̪ı́	aad̪i / nı́ŋg-	ɛɛdi / naŋgɛɛdi	aadi / náŋgádi	aad̪i / nigád̪i	aad̪i / naŋád̪i
big	m-, n-ı́kki / kaɗurú	ablúŋɔ́	(m-)aaɓukkɛ́ / gʊ́ʊ́gʊ́̈ʔŋɛ	aɖabbʊ	ɑɑdabbʊ	(má-)áʈáɓɓu / k-, n-ánɖaɓɓu	mááɓukwá	íiji / ŋgíifi	(m-)ı́ı́gi / kı́ı́fi	many
bird	midi-kóói / ali-	d̪- / aawı́k	nd̪- / ɔɔi	ńd̪- / ɔ́yi	nd̪ɛi / ai	ńd̪ɥii / ʔwii	and̪- / ɔ́yı́	small: nd̪ʊgááı́ / wááíbig: kɔlɔ / núgɔlɔ	nd̪ʊɣááı́ / ʊwááı́		MU: d or d̪?
bite v.	agı́d̪ɛna	ŋiɗʊd̪u	afákká!	agiɗɔ́	agı́ɗɔ́ɔ́nɔ	kı́ɗɔ́ɔ́nɔ	agaɗɔ́(ɔ́nɔ)	ɔccidi	ʊmáŋ
black	áɗɗuk	áɗuk	gun-ɗúɗɗú / gaa-	aɗuɗúk	aɗuɗɗúk	uɗɗuɗú	áámáála	alúúɲá	aɲʊ́ʊ́lá
blood	(t̪iŋ-) / aríída	arid̪ʊ	r̀ɗʊ	ariid̪u	ariid̪ʊ	(ǹd̪ɛ́ꜝríídó) / áꜝríídó	ariid̪ʊ	ʌ́ríd̪ɔ	ard̪a
blow (with mouth)	húlɛ́k!	fɪllɪ́!		fullɛ!	ufúllɛ́k	fúllɛ́!		fúlɔɔji!	(p)fúlʷaagɛ́!
blunt	t̪aa-ʊ́ʊ́rı́	t̪úlúnd̪ulu		t̪álá manukúrí	iimuldumuldu	eeɖiliʈilí		ásánjúguri	n-aaɛ́	eat, dead	MU: not sharp; TL: AIA
bone	gúba	t̪úŋʊ́ɓa	kuɓa	t̪uŋuɓa	t̪iŋguba	kʊɓa	t̪ʊ́gʊ́ɓííní	kúɓʊ́ʊ́ní	kʊ́ɓʊ́ʊ́ní		MU: u, uu
bones	gubúúni	kooɓá	kuɓɔɔni	kuɓʊʊní	kuba	kʊɓooní	kúɓííní	nugúɓʊ́ʊ́ní	nʊ́gʊ́ɓʊ́ʊ́ní		MU: ʊ, ʊʊ?
branch	nɛɛsɔ mı́nd̪eaadı́ / kisı́nɛ mı́nd̪eaadı́, kisı́nɛ maagadı́	ɓəlánɔsɔ́ / anɔ́sɔ́ (t̪áŋáꜝɗı́)		nɛɛsɔ maa-fá		ńzı́gáʈɛ / agaʈɛ (maafá), sɛgɛʈɛ́		nɪaasʊ máfa	sı́lı́mı́ / ni-	tree, ear, wing; TOː wing
breast	t̪unu / anu	t̪ʊ- / nʊgʊ	nd̪ʊ- / nʊgʊ	t̪ʊ- / a-nʊgʊ	t̪u- / u-nugu	t̪ɔ- / a-nogo	t̪ɔ́- / á-nɔ́gu	t̪ʊnugu / anɔgu	t̪- / ɑnɔgʊ		* = heart; MI, TL, TO, SA, KR, TS: *; TS: (ɑ ~ ɔ)
breathe	ɛ́ɛ́laɲa	ála aɲʊ́			áálaɲa	ɛ́ɛ́lɛ́nd̪iɲa		ɪ́ɪ́la t̪iɲá	ɪ́ɪ́lá t̪iɲá aɗɔ	wind	YE: breathe wind; TS: above
brother	irı́yɛ / n-	arı́yɛ́ / nigɛrı́yɛ́		ar(r)é / nigiré	rɪ́ / nigirɪ́	ɔrɛ́ / nugɔrɛ́		ɓáláádı́im- / kʌlʌ́ʌ́nı́kim-	ɓálánı́ı́ma / kaláánı́gı́ma		* = sister; TL: ɪ or ɛ?; YE, TS: *; KR: +POSS, *
burn	ga-hı́nnɛ	t̪afı́nɛ	yi-fánɛ	afánnɛ	afáána	kifı́nnɛ	kafɛánna	maad̪a	maɗʊrɛ
child	t̪amad̪ɪ, ɓiláád̪a, / kaland̪ɪ	ɓəlá / kaɲɲá		ɓəleelá / álleela	bittá / allaala	ɓiibálá / lɛ́ɛ́lá		ɓálɛ́aat̪ / kalɛ́	ɓı́ld̪a / kɪlyá		MU: boy, girl, PL; YE: boy
claw	mu-sɔlɔ́ŋgɔ́ maadikɔ́ɔ́i / ki- m.	t̪ʊŋ-sʊáálá d̪aawı́k / gʊ-(sʊaa ~ sʷaa ~ sɔɔ)		mu-sɔŋgɔ́rɔ́ / ku-	mu-súlaaga / ku-	mu-sɔ́láágá mund̪ʷı́i / ku-		/ ʊ́ʊ́nı́ mɔ́gɔlɔ	másálɔ́ɔgá kánd̪ʊgááı́	nail, bird; KRː leg	MI, TL: nail
clean	ɔɓɓɛ́	agʷɔ́llá	aguulı́			insı́lı́		ɔɔdı́	aɗɪ́ɪ́lá		MU: red; TS: good
clothing	t̪- / anɗi	t̪áŋ́nɗi / ánɗi	t̪and̪i / ǹd̪i	t̪- / and̪i	t̪andi / annɗi	t̪- / ɛ́nɗi		nd- / ándi	n-d̪ʊ / a-d̪ʊʊ-nɛ́, náá-d̪ʊ		TL: AIA
cloud	ǹd̪ulûk / t̪ulûk		t̪iifúɗɔ́	t̪adı́ı́gɔ́	t̪imbagarak	t̪ú- / luugu	kwáálá	t̪i- / magaara	ndiigʊ		KU: rain; MI: COLL; TS: smoke
cold	elı́mɛ	t̪iɲjul	leʔmɛ́ (e, i?)	a'jjálɔ	ı́ı́jɑllɔ	ééjálɔ	allɪmmá	álı́mmi	ŋádɛ́ɛ́ɽi		KU: e or i?
come	aai!, ageɗɛ!; ɔ́ɔ́nɛ	ɗɛ́ya(ŋ)!; ɗɛɛ, ɗɛya	áyú!;yiɗɛ	aayʊk!; aaɗʊk	aɗɔk; aayuk	aayu!; ɔɗɔ	ɗı́ı́ya!; aɗɛ	ɗiiyaǃ; aɗiiya	ɗı́á!; áɗia		MU: ageɗɛǃ PL; TL: AIA
cook	ellaŋ-gure!	aʃaŋ-guri!	aaɗik(a)-ɛ́ɛ́ma		eenaana	oonɛ́ɛ́ma		ɔʃɔ́ɔ́ ɲáama	aɗɔ́ɔ́rɛ!	eat, food, thing	TL: AIA
count	ı́ı́nɛ́ɛ́nɛ!	inɔ́ɔ́nı́!		innɛɛnɛ(k)!	innoono	innɛɛnɛ́!		ɪ́ɪ́nɔ́ɔ́nı́!	ı́ı́náánɛ́!		TL: AIA
cut	ɛt̪t̪ɛ!	átɛ́k!		aatɛ́k!	aadek	rumɔna!		cı́ɗɔɔnɔ!	at̪t̪ɛ!		TL: AIA
dance	ı́sı́lı́ d̪ááɲa!; tááɲa n.	abəlá		aasilı́!	siili	asiilı́!		aɓála!	aɓála!		MU: n.; YE, KR: play
day ̀(24 hours)	huŋgú			fuŋu		ooró / nug(un)-		ayyá	ɪɪyá		MU, MI: PL; KR, TS: SG=PL, sun
day(light)	ʊʊrʊ́ / nʊ́rʊ́rʊ	ʊrʊ́	albʊ́ʊ́rni(?)	t̪a-(g)úúru	uuru			ʊʊTʊ́	ʊrʊ́ʊ́ni		KU: ?, TL: AIA
die	at̪t̪ái	ayi	yaai	ayi	at̪t̪áyʔ	ayyi	aaya	aayá	aaɛ́		dead
dig	igiɗáána!	aɗı́!		iiɗʊ́!	igiɗo	ı́ı́ɗɔ́!		iccı́ɗɔ́ɔnɔ!	ı́ɗı́áána		TL: AIA
dirty	ajı́lʊ	jı́lɔ́		t̪á(l)áɗiilá		aaɲɔɔrɔ		tʊ́tti; ɔlʊ́ʊ́nı́	aŋɔrɔ́ɔ́ɓɔ́		MI, TS: bad
dog	eera / it̪t̪ı́ı́ni	eera / art̪ɪ́ɪ́nɪ́	ɪɪra / t̪iini	ɪɪrá / at̪iini	(t)ɪɪrá / it̪t̪iini	t̪eerá / (ɪt̪)t̪ɪɪnɪ́	éérá / ácɪɪnɪ	ndanɪ́ɪ́rá / nijı́ꜝt̪ɪ́ɪ́ni	ɛɛrá / nigı́t̪ı́ı́ni		SA: c ~ t
drink, imp.	owɛ́	wɛ́	owɛ	ááwɛ	awwɛ	ɔɔɛ	awa	ʊʊwɪ	ʊʊwɛ
dry	ɔ́rɔ́mɛ	armɛ́	romɛ	m-, g-ur(u)mɛ (tone?)	arumɛ	árúmɛ	arúmmá	árʊ́mɪ	(n-)árʊ́mɛ̂		MI: tone?
dust	ǹduɣúruk	andúk		nd̪úŋúru	u-ndúnguru / nú-	ǹd̪úŋgúru		ndiigʊ	t̪úŋgu		TL: M, KR: smoke
ear	neesɔ	nɔɔsɔ ~ nɔssɔ	nɛɛsɔ́	nɛɛsɔ	naasɔ	nɛɛsɔ	naasɔ	nɛaasʊ	nɛɛsɔ
ears	kisínɛ	anɔ́ɔ́sɔ́	íʃinɛ	isinɛ́	isinɛ́	iisɛ́nɛ́	easana	nísinɛ	nɛ́sínɛ
earth	kuráʔ	ɓattúl	ɓɔɔɲɔ́	buttúlúk	ɓúttúlu	ɓuʈúnɖúlú	ɓʊttúlú	naɓú; fúɗɔ́	fuɗʷá	ashes	KU: soil
eat, imp.	urí	kurɪ́	ʊʊri	ágúrri	oori	aguri	agúrí	ágʊ́rɪ	aguri
egg	ǹjúlɛ	t̪ʊ-	t̪in-	t̪unzʊlɛ	t̪inzule	t̪un-	anzɔ́lɔ́	t̪u-	t̪u-
eggs	súlɛ	súlɛ	sulɛ	sʊlɛ	sule	sulɛ	sɔ́lɔ́	súli	súlɛ́
empty	ɪɪlɔhɔ́lɔ́	armɛ́	iffɔlɔ	musʊ́rʊ	aamusuru	ɔɔɗɔ́ŋgɔ́ɲɔ		ʌd̪ɔfɔ́ɔ́l			YE: dry; TL: M
eye	áyye	ayyɛ	ɛɛ	ɔɔyɛ	ayyɛ	ɔɔe	aaya	ɓalí-m-ɔyʊ	ayyɛ
eyes	ɲéne	nigɛ́ɛ́nɛ́	iyyɛ	iiyɛ	iyyɛ	iyye	iiyɛ	(kalí-m-)iiyʊ	kilyá-m-íyyɛ		MU: e ~ ɪ
fall	iirɛ́ɛ́nɛ	ɗúŋgɛ́(-mi)		ad̪íŋɛ̂	aɗíŋŋɔ	ɛɗíŋgɔ		aɗíŋgɔ	aɗíŋga		has fallen
far	ɔ́ɓɓá	illur		m-, k-agóɓɓa	kuɓɓa	aguɓɓa		ı́ı́rʊ	ı́ı́rʊ		TL: AIA
fat	(t̪ı́n-) / ɔɔɓá	(t̪ánáɓa)aɓá	ɔɔɓa	ɔɔɓa	(nd̪ı́n-) / ɔɔba	(ńd̪ɔ́n-) / ɔɔɓa	ʊʊɓa	aaɓá	ɔɔɓá		*= oil; YE, MI, SA, KR, TS: *
father	ábba / kɔ́ / ééma	fa(ŋ) / nugúfaa		appá; imá	iimá / nig-	pópá / kobópá		ɪ́ɪ́ma; m̀pá	ɪ́ɪ́ma; ʊmpá		MU: my, your, his father; YE: +POSS; KR, TS: my father
fear	árəɓá			ariɓá	iriɓá	ɛriɓá		árı́ɓá	áráɓá		is afraid
feather	tı́-mándala / mandala	t̪úŋʊ́lɔ / kʊlɔ́	t̪i-md̪ala / m̀d̪ala	t̪á-liifʊ / ká-	t̪-aalimbɔ / (k)-	ǹd-alɔnd̪ɔ / (k)-	ca- / mad̪ala	t̪i- / mad̪alla	t̪i- / náɓá
few	g-ı́t̪t̪i	asɔ́gɔ́		ga-ditɛ́ʔlá	tittik	g-ı́ʈı́lli	ka-(ti)tı́ɲá	ŋg-áttɛ́llɪ	k-it̪t̪yɔ́; k-it̪ɔ́llı́	small
fight v.	arɛ́ɛ́nɛ	akárə́ɓɔkǃ		ááɗı́gɔǃ	ɗigo	ɛ́ɛ́magɔrɔɓɔ		ʌ́ryʌ́ʌ́nı́ǃ	arɛ́ɛ́nɛ́ǃ		TL: AIA
finger	t̪amad̪i maa nı́ı́sʊ / kaland̪i misı́nɛ	ɓəláá-nı́ı́sʊ́ / kaɲá-nísínɛ́, kaɲa-níísʊ		lɛɛnı́ı́sʊ́ / ligisinɛ́	ɓilı́nı́ı́sɔ / allegaɗɗɔ́	ɓánnı́ı́sɔ́ / ligiisı́nɛ́		nd̪iniisʊ / kalɛ́mma nisı́nɛ	ɓı́ld̪a má nd̪iniisʊ / kilyá maa nisı́nɛ	child, hand
fire	(ǹdilı́ssi) / issı́	(t̪ən-) / assi	iʃʃı́	issi	ı́ssi	issi / nissi, nigissı́	aʃʃı́	issi	issi
fish	mind- / k-iláwa	t̪an- / aara	md̪igilɛ́ɛ́gɔ́ / kilɛ́ɛ́gɔ́	m̀d̪igilɔ́ɔ́gɔ / kilɔ́ɔ́gɔ	md̪igilɔ́ɔ́gɔ / kilɔ́ɔ́gɔ	miid̪igilɔ́ɔ́gɔ́ / kilɔ́ɔ́gɔ́	mijigɔlɔ́ɔ́gɔ́ / kɔlɔ́ɔ́gɔ́	mad̪ı́ı́lɔɔgʊ / kı́lɔɔgʊ	mid̪igɔlɔ́ɔ́ga / kalɔ́ɔ́ga
flow	ı́ı́sɔ	ı́ssʊ́		ı́ı́sʊ̂		ı́ı́sɔ́		úufu	ʊ́ʊ́fʊ
flower	ńd̪úlı́ / t̪úlı́	t̪ʊ́- / dʊlɪ(ŋ)		nd̪ulik / t̪ulik	un- / d̪uli	ǹd̪uli / t̪úli		t̪ʊ́lɪ	t̪ʊ́lɪ		TL: M; KR, TS: COLL
fly v.	ámbɛ	lɛflɛ	yi-fı́ı́rı́	afı́ı́rı̂	afı́ı́ri	ə́ŋgala	afı́ı́rı́	ı́ı́fi	afɪ́
fog	ǹdakkat̪ı́yok	t̪úŋɔŋɔ́k		t̪uruuruk	d̪aadı́ı́gɔ / nad̪áádı́ı́gɔ	t̪uruuru; t̪aaʈı́ı́gó		ndiigʊ	gʊr(ʷ)aana		TL: M
food	kúrı́	kúrı́, ama-gúrı́		kuri	aama	kúri		kʊ́ri	(ɲaama) kuri	eat, thing	TL: AIA
foot	awa / kunɛ́	ʊ́nnɛ́ / nʊ(ŋ)ʊnɛ́		awwa / ʊʊnɛ	aimáwwa / nı́ꜝŋáı́múúnɛ́	awwa gayı́ / oonɛ ganı́ꜝŋgáyı́	awwa / ɔɔna	awwʌ́ʌ́ditti	awwa / ʊʊnɛ	TL, TOː neck	*= leg; MU, YE, MI, SA, TS: *
full	ɪɪd̪ɪɪnɛ́	adiŋinɛ́	ziliŋɛ	ád̪iginɛ	aɓɓeyɔ́k	ád̪ı́gı́nɛ́	ajɛgana	ad̪iginı́	ad̪iginɛ́
gazelle	t̪eááɓo / áɓo	kɛlɛ / nigɛ́lɛ		t̪i-girɪɪzi / a-	t̪ilimɛ / n(i)d̪ı́lı́mɛ	kúꜝsáálá / núgúꜝsáálá		t̪ɔɔfɔ́ / nigɔ́d̪ɔ́ɔ́fɔ́	t̪ɔɔfɔ́ / nɪgɪdɔ́ɔ́fɔ́		MI: z ~ s
give	ináá; ı́ɲáǃ	náá	náá-ɲaǃ	aná; náá-nı́ǃ	amána	amáná; ná-ŋaʔáǃ	aná; náá-niǃ	aɗáŋ; ɗáŋa-nı́	ná; náǃ		Mu: give meǃ; Ku: give usǃ; MI: give himǃ; TO: he gives, give meǃ; SA: give himǃ; KR: give himǃ
go	yɔgɔ́ǃ	sáŋaǃ		attɔ			ɲúŋŋɔ́ǃ		ŋ́gʷáǃ		TS: walk
good	ɔ́d̪ɔrɛ / k-	ı́yyɔ́(ŋ)	(gu-m-)állú / g-	aɗɪɪlá	aɗiilá	áɗiilá	a'jjálá	aɗɪ́ɪ́lá	(n-)aɗɪ́ɪ́lá
grass	(t̪ı́n-) / aayá	(t̪əŋ-sak) / ssak		dryː (nd̪al-) / aayɔ; greenː ı́nzı́ / nɛɛsı́	neesi	(ńd̪ɔn-) / ɔɔyɔ		tiisı́; tú	tiisı́; tú		TL: AIA
green		agɪ́r(r)ı́	rikkı́rı́	ageerı́	agiiri		agɪ́ɪ́rı́; agirkı́rı́	ajɪ́ɪ́rı́	agɪ́ɪ́rı́		TL: AIA
guts	t̪ɪ́ŋ-(g)ássi / kássi	t̪aŋ- / assissi		t̪iŋ-(g)issi / kissi	ammáád̪i	nı́ı́mɔ́ꜝmɛ́ɛ́dı́ / ɛɛmɛ́ɛ́dı́		kʌ́dissi	mid̪áá-ɗı́si / ká-	TLː belly; TOː thing, belly	YE: ss ~ s ~ z
hair	(t̪ı́nau / aláu), au	(t̪i-) / ɲiɓá	(nd̪ul-) / uu	(nd̪alawu) / áwu	(ńd̪ı́n-) / au	(ǹdan-) / awó	(and̪an-) / a(w)u	(nd̪in-) / ááú	(nd̪ɪn-) / áwwá		MU: COLL
hand	nı́ı́sʊ / kisı́nɛ	nissʊ / nisinɛ́		niisʊ / iisinɛ	ai-maa-nı́ı́sɔ / niŋai-maa-gaɗɗó	niisɔ-gayı́ / iisinɛ-gayı́	niisʊ / ı́ı́sʊnʊ	niisʊ / nı́sinɛ; kɔɗɔ́llɔ / kalɛ́mma-nı́sinɛ	niisʊ / nisı́nɛ	TOː neck	*= arm; MU, YE, MI, SA, KR, TS: *; TL: neck of arm; SA: s ~ z
head	aad̪ú / niŋ(g)áád̪u	amɗú / n-	ŋud̪u / nu-	ʌʌdu / nʌ́ʌ́du	ëëd̪u / nı́ŋg-	ood̪u / núŋꜝgóód̪ú	aŋgád̪ú / náŋgad̪u	ʌ́ʌ́d̪u / nig-	aŋɑ́d̪u / n-		MU: d̪ ~ ð
hear	uhuɲáǃ	finʊ́ǃ	fuɲɔ́ǃ	fʊʊɲɔ́ǃ	ufúúɲɔǃ	ɔfɔɔɲɔ́ǃ	afı́yɛǃ	ufuɲɔ́ǃ	iifiɲáǃ
heart	tuŋgurú / núúru	ɓəla-d̪únúgu / kaɲa-munúgú	t̪o- / nugu	t̪ʊ-nʊgʊ / a-	t̪u-nugu / u-	t̪ɔ-nogo / a-	t̪ɔ́-nɔ́gu / a-	t̪ʊ-nugu / a-nɔgu	t̪ʊ- / a-nɔgʊ		*= breast; KU: o ~ ʊ; MI, TL, TO, SA, KR, TS: *; TS: a ~ ɔ
heavy	ı́ı́ꜝdı́ndi	am̀nɔ́gɔ		ándi	indi	ı́ntı́		ı́ı́ndindi	at̪t̪áɓɛ́
hit	ɓʷáánaǃ	bâǃ		ɓɔ́ɔ́nɔǃ	ubbaana	ɓɔ́ɔ́nɔ́ǃ	ɓı́ı́nuǃ	páaǹǃ	rɔ́ɔ́naǃ
hoe v.	ı́nd̪áánɛǃ	lɛɛlɛ́ǃ		abbáánaǃ		ı́ı́ɗɔ́ǃ		aláaliǃ	asɛ́ǃ		TO: dig
hole	ayye / ɲéne	ayyeɛ / nigɛ́ɛ́nɛ́		ɔɔyɛ / gı́jɛ́ɛ́nɛ	ɛɛyɛ / nɛ́ɛ́yɛ, gijɛɛnɛ	ɔɔe / kijɛɛnɛ́		ɔyyɔ / nɪ̈gʊ́ʊ́ni	ayyɛ / nigı́nnɛ		eye; TL: M
horn	t̪il-ı́ı́do / k-	nd̪i-gı́d̪ɔ / kı́ı́d̪ɔ́	nd̪il- / iiɗʊ́	nd̪il- / iid̪ʊ́	t̪in- / ı́ı́d̪ɔ	t̪in- / ı́ı́d̪ɔ́	t̪in- / ı́ı́d̪ʊ́	t̪in- / ı́id̪ʊ	t̪in- / ı́ı́da
house	ɗi / néé-	ɗi		ɗı́	ɗi	ɗi		ɗi			TL: AIA
hunt	asaasaǃ	(sáŋá) gɔlɔǃ		agɔɔlɔ́ǃ		ɒɒd̪ɒrɔǃ		aɗaasaǃ	(ŋgwá) d̪aasaǃ		YE, TS: go
husband	miid̪ɛ-	dajɔ́-		ɲurı́	ɲɔɔrı́ / ki-	ɲorı́ / nɔgɔ-		ɲaarı́	ɲʊrı́		man + POSS
kill	t̪áánaǃ	ɛɛd̪áánáǃ		ɛɛd̪áánaǃ	aad̪áánaǃ	iid̪áánáǃ	(ɛ)aad̪áánaǃ	ɪɪd̪ááǹǃ	ɪɪɗáánaǃ
knee	mı́ / nɛ́ɛ́-	mmı́ / na-mı́	m̀mi / nʊ́ŋgi	kuugi / nu-gúúgi	nigɔɔgi	kúúgɛ́ / nu-gúúgɛ́	mmı́ / náá-mı́	mı́ / nɔ́ɔ́-	mmı́ / náá-ꜝmı́		TL: SG=PL
knife	l-áágɔk / n-			kulɓa	fok			t̪ʊn-kʊlʊbaŋ / nɪ-	nd̪aalafala		TL: AIA; KR: R
know	assu	mútu(ŋ)	yʊssu	asú	ússuʔ	ussu	assʊ́	ɔ́ɔ́nı́	ɔ́ɔ́nɛ
lake	t̪ɔ / náá-d̪ɔ	fə́lák / nʊ-		lad̪á (maa ɓiid̪i)	t̪afo	t̪umbɔlɔ́ɔ́lɔ / náád̪úmbɔlɔ́ɔ́lɔ		káɓʊ́gá / nı́gaɓʊga	t̪ɔ́ / náá-ꜝd̪ɔ́		MU: pool; TL: AIA
laugh	eed̪ı́ı́d̪iǃ	ad̪ı́tɔ́ǃ		agijɛɛnɛ́ǃ	ı́kkı́jɛɛnɛ́ǃ	ikkijɛɛnɛ́ǃ		ɔjɔ́ɔ́nı́ǃ	iijáánɛ́ǃ
leaf	nd̪ááru / t̪ááru	t̪u- / súlʊ	ndáárú / (t̪igi-)táárú	t̪ul- / lusúk	naasɔ / isinɛ́	ǹɖáárú (maafá) / ʈáárú	ndáárú / táárú	ndáaru / taaru	ndandɛ́ maafa / nı́rándɛ		TL: ear; TS: wing of tree
left (side)	kɔ́ɔ́lɛ	nisʊ gúl(l)ɛ́		niisʊ maa gɔ́ɔ́lɛ́	niiso maa gulle	niisɔ má-gúle		niisʊ má-guuli	niisʊ máá-gúúli	hand	TL: AIA
leg	awa / kunɛ́	ʊ́nnɛ́ / nʊ(g)ʊnɛ́	owwa / ŋʊnɛ	awwa / ʊ́ʊ́nɛ	awwa / uunɛ	awwa / oonɛ	aawa / ɔɔna	awwa / ʊ́ʊ́ni	awwa / ʊʊnɛ		foot
lie (down)	úhúŋguǃ	yɔ́kǃ; fúŋʊ	úfúŋŋɔ́ǃ; ı́yyúǃ	ɔɔyʊ́kǃ	ayyuk	iyyúǃ; ɔfúŋŋɔ	ayyúǃ	ɔ́yɔǃ; ɔ́fuŋo	yyʊ́ǃ
light (not heavy)	ɛ́ɛ́ꜝlááfalak	fəlɛ́fə́lɛk		ı́ı́fálfalɛk	iibalapalak	ééɓálápʰala		ɪ́ɪ́faffi	ɪ́ɪ́fáfɛ		TL: AIA
live (somewhere)	ánd̪aanɛ	t̪ifɛ́		agúrı́	at̪t̪áppı́ri	äfigiɗi		áfı́	ádá		MU: sit; MI: eat; TO: alive
live (be alive)	ánd̪aanɛ	t̪ı́ı́nʊ́		afı́gı́ɗı́		at̪t̪áfigiɗi, äfigiɗı́		ɔ́d̪inɔ	ád̪ı́ná		MU: sit
liver	lɛ́ɛ́ɲi / ki-	ɲı́ / na-	t̪iɲɛɲi / nááɲɛ́ɲi	kik / nɛ́ɛ́gı̂k	(t̪i-) / niŋgı́	t̪ú- / nɔŋɛ́	(ta-)nı́ɲɛ́ / naga-	ti-ɲı́ / nɔ́ɔ́-	t̪iɲı́ / nı́-d̪ı́ɲi
long	(n-)asálla / k-, n-asagák	asəgálá	iʃı́gaʔla / g-ı́ʃı́kka	átɔ́ŋgɔrɔ, aadɔ́ŋgɔ́rɔ	asagaalá	mɔ́ɔ́-, ɔ́ɔ́-tɔŋgɔrɔ / kɔ-tɔ́ŋgɔrɔ	aadúŋgɔ́rɔ	asʊráájı́	(n-)asurɛ́ɛ́gɛ́ / kúsúrɛ, ŋussúrɛ́
louse	t̪iŋ- / k-iɗı́ŋı́di	t̪ı́ŋı́ndı́ɗi / kɪd̪ɪɗı́	t̪igid̪ı́gı́d̪i / kid̪ı́gı́d̪i	t̪i-gidı́kı́dik / a-	kiɗı́kiɗik	t̪iŋgid̪ı́ŋŋɛ́ / kı́d̪ı́ŋŋɛ́	ciŋgidı́ɲı́ / kidı́ɲı́				KR: Ar.; TL: SG=PL; TS: Ar.;
man	m-ɪɪd̪ɛ / kʸ	d̪aajɔ́ / jɔ́gɔ́	mid̪ɛ / nigı́d̪ɛ	mid̪ɛ / nigı́d̪ɛ	miid̪ɛ / nigı́ı́d̪ɛ	miid̪ɛ / nɛgı́ı́d̪ɛ	mɪɪd̪a / nɪgɪ́ɪ́d̪a	kááú / kad̪ú	taa- / ɗɛ́ɛ́gɔ		KR: person / people
many	g-ı́kki	ad̪iŋinɛ́	g-at̪t̪u	kaffây	pı́ı́yɔ̂k	g-ááɖabbo	k-aaɓuk(k)wá	ŋgı́iji ~ njı́iji	k-ı́ı́gi	big
meat	(t̪-) / k-úɗa	(t̪-) / ooɗá	(nd̪-) / uuɗá	ʊʊɗá	(t̪-) / ʊʊɗá	(t̪-) / ʊʊɗá́	t̪ɔɔda / ɔda	ʊ́ʊ́ɗa	ʊ́ʊ́ɗa
moon, month	t̪árɛ / kɛd̪aráánɛ	t̪ɛrɛ́ / kɛrɛ́ɛ́nɛ́	t̪árɛ́	t̪ɛrɛ́ / kɛd̪ɛrɛɛnɛ	t̪ärɛ́	t̪ɛrɛ́ / nagad̪ɛ́rɛ, nagad̪ɛrɛɛnɛ́	t̪ará	t̪ári / naad̪ári	t̪arɛ / nid̪árɛ
mother	ééya / nóóha / nı́ı́ma	ndee- / nigı́nde-		áyya; niimɔ́	niimɔ́ / nigiimɔ́	niimɔ́ / niginiimɔ́		nı́ı́mʊ	nı́ı́má		MU: my / your / his mother; YE: +POSS
mountain, hill	ɲa / náá-	mea / kayanɪ́	ɲa / nááɲá	ɲɲa / nááɲâ	ɲɲa / nááɲâ	aɲa / nááɲá	mɛ / náámɛ́	ɗɪááma / naa-; ɓ- / ɔrɔɔrɔ	miɲa / nid̪ı́miɲa, nı́gı́kiɲa		TL: village
mouth	nı́ı́nɔ / niináádi	niinʊ / namnáád̪ı́	niinɔ / nitti	niinɔ / niginı́ı́nɔ	niinɔ / niginı́ı́nɔ	niinɔ / náá-, nɛ́ɛ́-nı́ı́nɔ	niinʊ / naginı́ı́nʊ	niinɔ / munɔ́ɔ́d̪i	niina / nim̀naad̪i
nail	m-isilɔ́ŋgɔ / k-	t̪ʊŋ-sʷáálá / kaɲá gʊ- (sʷaa ~ sɔɔ)	mu-ʃɔŋgɔ́rɔ́ / ku-	mu-sɔŋgɔ́rɔ́ / ku-	mu-súlaaga / ku-	mu-sɔ́láágá / ku-	ma-ʃɔ́ŋgɔrɔ / ka-	mudúú-yúúyu / ku-; mɔjɔ́ɔ́-ɗɔ́llɔ / kɔ-	ma-sálɔ́ɔgá / ka-, nı́-má-	claw; YEː child; KRː hand
name	ɛrɛ / nɛ́ŋgɛ́rɛ	ɛrɛ / kɛrɛ́ɛ́nɛ́	ɛɛrɛ / nigirɛɛmɛ	ɛɛrɛ / nigirɛɛnɛ	ɛɛrɛ / nigirɛɛnɛ	ɛɛrɛ / nɪgɛrɛɛnɛ́	(ɛ)áárá / nɛgɛ́ráána	yaari / nigı́ɲaari	ɛɛrɛ
narrow	abɪrɪ́ɪk	at̪uɗı́ı́gı́		titɛ́ʔlá		e'jjı́rı́		aɓɪrɪ́ɪ́jɪ́	it̪t̪ɔ́llı́	TSː small	MI: small
near	ɛ́t̪t̪ɛ́	agart̪ɛ		máá-gát̪t̪ɛ	kat̪t̪e	agaʈʈɛ		áfii-gat̪t̪ɪ	áfɛ́ɛ́-gat̪t̪ɛ		TL: AIA
neck	aı́ / niŋgái	tiŋir / kidiŋir	ii / nı́ŋgı́ı́	ayi / náŋgáyı́	tiŋgiri / nı́ı́ŋgı́ri	äyi / nä(ŋ)gäyı́	áyyı́ / náŋgáꜝyyı́	ááı́ / nigái	(ı́)yyɛ́ / nááyɛ́
new	ɛ́ɛ́si / k-	mat̪t̪ı́k					ɓattı́ni (?)	ɔ́ɔ́diji	aadı́gı́		KU, MI, TL, TO: Ar.
night	(n-)ɔɔsɔ́k	t̪áɗúmɓɔ	albɔ́ɔ́sı́ni	t̪a-ɔ́ɔ́sɔk	aasɔ	ɔɔsɔ / nug-	waaʃı́nni	ɔɔsɛ́ki; ɔɔsɔ́-jɪɪji	ɔɔsʊ́nni
nose	ɔ́ŋgɔ́rɔk / n-	ɓ- / arwɔk	mɔɔrɔ / níŋgɔrɔ	úmb- / nugúŋg-ɔrɔk	ámb- / nigáŋg-árɔk	ḿbarɔ / nʊgʊ́mbárɔ	ɓ- / nag-ɔŋgɔ́rɔ	amʊ́ʊ́ni / nɪgámʊʊni	a-mʊ́ʊ́nɛ / nɛgá-		sg. nostril; YE: *; MI: *
old (not new)	magʊha	mára			maa-ɓilli			allí	allí		MI: Ar.; TL: AIA
old (not young)	ɓ-ʊ́kke / k-	ɓɔkkɛ́ / ku-; d̪-adfí / k-		taru / n-ándáru, kad-	kudunduru	aaɖaarɔ		t̪i-jíífí / kíífí	t̪i-gɛ́ɛ́fí / kɛɛfí		YE: woman: ɓɔkkɛ́ / ku-; man: d̪-adfí / k-; TL: PL, AIA
person / people	kɔ́yɔ́ / kád̪ʊ	kɔ̌ / kád̪úgú	m̀d̪i / kud̪u	ká / kadu	ámiɗi / kád̪u	ɛmiɗi / kadu	ámúɗi / kád̪ú	kááú / kád̪ú	kɔ́ / kád̪ú
play v.	ɪsánnaǃ; sánna	abəlá	yi-ɓala	ka-ɓala	aɓala	aɓalaǃ		aɓálaǃ; balá	aɓálaǃ		* = dance; MU: n.; YE: *; TL: M; KR: n. *; TS: *
pull	sínaʔǃ; ɛ́ɛ́sikǃ	asíkǃ		aazíkǃ	íssinɔ	issinɔ́ǃ		ɔ́ɔʃɪǃ	ʌ́ʌ́ziǃ
push	(w)uráánaǃ	kúr(r)ɔ́ǃ		kurɔ́ɔ́nɔǃ	ugúrɔɔnɔ	kúrɔ́ɔ́nɔǃ		kúrɔɔnɔǃ	kʊ́rʷɒɒnɒǃ
rain	mmɪ́	ammɪ́	t̪iifúɗɔ́	t̪ífúdɔ	t̪ambaɗɔ	t̪ímɓiɗɔ	ca(ŋ)fɔɗɔ	nni	nni	cloud, sky
red	ɔɓɓɛ́	abbɛ́	(m-)oɓɓé / g-	abbɪ	óóde	oʈʈɔ́yɔ́	ʌtɔ́yɔ́	ʌ́yɔɔni	asííri
right (side)	t̪aad̪ana	niisʊ gúrí		niisʊ maa gúrí	niiso maa duwaana	niisɔ maa gúrí		niisʊ má gʊrɪ	niisʊ máá gúri	hand, eat	TL: AIA
river	kəríʔ / niriŋgə́ríʔ	kirí / nigírí		kiri / nɛ́ɛ́gíri	kiri; ri / náárí	ɔt̪t̪ɔ / nɔɔd̪ɔ		rɪ́ / náá-	rí / náá-ꜝrí		TL: kiri AIA; ri / náárí M
road	hiiní / kihííni	fíní / ni-		fiini / ná-fííni	fiini / náá-	fííní / nɛ́ɛ́-	fííní / naga-; ɗaa-fííní / na-ɗáá-fiini	fúúni / naa-	pfúúni / nu-fúúni
root	ɓár(r)ɛ / ɛ́r(r)ɛ	t̪ʊgumɓɛ́rɛ́ / ɛ́ɛ́rɛ́	ɓarrɛ́ / árrɛ́	ɓárrɛ / áárɛ́	ɓɛ́ɛ́rɛ / ɛ́ɛ́rɛ	ɓ- / ɛrɛ́ɛ́rɛ	ɓə-ráára / a-	ɓ- / árri	ɓárrɛ / ni-		TL: vein, vagina
rope	ǹd̪- / óórik	t̪- / áárík		árruk / naarúk	ruk; ru / nááru	rrú / náárú	rʊ	rʊ́ / náá-rʊ	nd̪- / ɔɔrɛ		MI: ruk AIA; ru / nááru M
rotten	aaɗááɗí; ɔ́ɲɔ́rɔk, aɲɔrɔk	aɲɔrɔk		aáɲɔ́rɔk				ɔ́ssɔ́li	(á)káɽu		MU: aaɗááɗí (fruit, meat), ɔ́ɲɔ́rɔk (wood)
rough	ɪ́ɪ́rɔŋgɔrɔk	sʊ́ʊ́ásʊʊa		íígúŋɔ; íígásʊŋʊsɔ		ɔ́kkɔyɔkɔyɔ		ɪ́ɪ́gʊŋgʊ	akkuɲá
round		aɗugúllú	ɗuguulu	ɗuguulú	aɗuguulú	ɔɗugulú	aɗɗúá jááná	aɗugú gwáána
rub	ooyɔ́ǃ	t̪ʊd̪ɔ́d̪ɔ́ǃ		aʃʃɔɔnʊ́gʊ́d̪ɛ́ǃ; sígíd̪ɛǃ	uyyu	ɓɑnɑɑnɔ́gɔ́ǃ		issʊ	árɔ́ʔi
salt	t̪ɪ́ŋɪ́ɗa	kaɗál		t̪iŋadala	t̪aŋaɗala	t̪ɛ́ŋéd̪ala		t̪imalá	t̪imɛlá		TL: AIA
sand	(ǹd̪ɔmúk) / t̪ɔmúk	sɛsɛk	nd̪omogú	nd̪amagú	nd̪aamoogʊ́	nd̪amogú	nd̪ámɔgú	t̪isiŋááɲí	t̪isiŋɛ́ɛ́ŋɛ́
say	íkkiǃ		kiǃ	akkiǃ	ákki	ikkiǃ	lɛ	ɪ́ccɪǃ	akinɪɪnɪǃ
scratch	muróónoǃ	gwaaraǃ; kɔrkɔ́d̪ɔ́ǃ		aagúrtɛk; azúgúrɛǃ	aagɔrdɛk	agɔraanaǃ; agɔ́rdɛǃ		aguraanaǃ	agurá
see	id̪ínaǃ; kand̪áú	iid̪ʊ ~ ind̪ʊǃ; t̪iinʊ	ɗiyeɓuǃ	ɗííyɛǃ; aji	ijɔ́ɔ́gɔ	iirɔ́ɔ́nɔ́ǃ	máláǃ	ássalaǃ	siɲjáǃ		MU: kand̪áú 1PL
seed	t̪i- / malóa	t̪u-múlóá / mulóá	t̪i- / mɔɔla	/ állɪɪla maa nááfá	t̪índ̪ayɔk / t̪ayɔk	ńd̪ɔɔyɔ / t̪ɔɔyɔ	ca- / mʊgɔla	t̪i- / mɔ́gɔ́lɔ	t̪in-, t̪a-d̪in-iigí / íígi		YE: o ~ ʊ; MI: children of trees
sew	eɗɔɔlaanaǃ	ɗʊ́laǃ		arɗáánaǃ	ɛ́rɗaana	ís(s)ɔɔgɔǃ		uufɔɔgɔǃ	aɗalaanaǃ		TL: M
sharp	ʊ́ʊ́rí	arɓígí		manukúrí	anakuri	anúkúri		ánákúri	nanákúri	eat	TL: AIA
short	ad̪d̪id̪íri	at̪id̪írí		adʊŋɔ́	aduŋo	ɔɔʈugu-ʈugu		ad̪id̪íírí	(n-)ad̪iɗíírí / ŋ-it̪t̪íɗí
sing	uwɛʔǃ	awɪ́ǃ		uuweǃ	uuwed̪ɔ́ɔ́su	uwɔd̪ɔ́ɔ́suǃ		uuwíǃ	úúwɛ́ǃ
sister	íɲɛ / n-	aríyɛ́ / nigɛríyɛ́ (*)		ɲɛ́ / nigi-	(ɲ)ɲɛ́ / nigi-ɲɛ́	iɲɛ́ / nig-		ɓáláádíim- / kʌlʌ́ʌ́níkim-	ɓáláánííma / kaláánígíma (*)		* = brother; KR: + POSS, *; TS: *
sit	ɓɪ́gɪ́ɓuǃ; ánd̪aanɛ	mɔ́kǃ; mɔg-mɪ́	mmíǃ; yimmí	mmíkǃ; mik	ammik	ammíǃ; ammi	ammíǃ; ammi	ɔ́miǃ; ánná...kúɓú	ámîǃ; ami; ɛ́ɗáánɛ
skin	(nd-) / á-ídɛ	dʊʊɔ / adʊ́ʊ́ɔ́ní	(t̪imi-duŋa) / m̀tʊŋa	(nd̪i-) / a-giid̪ɛ	t̪ɔ / ád̪ɔɔne	ɔt̪t̪ɔ́ / ɔd̪ɛɛnɛ́	t̪ɔ́ɔ́nɔ / ɔd̪ɔ́ɔ́nɔ	t̪ʊ / ʊd̪ʊʊní	t̪ʊ / náá-d̪ʊ
sky	(nd̪ullúk) / t̪ullúk	ɗɔmsal	ɗɔɔmɛ	ɗɔ d̪ífúɗɔ; t̪ífúɗɔ	t̪ambaɗɔ	t̪ímɓiɗɔ		ɗáámásálá	másála	MI ashes, rain	TL, TO: rain; TS: above (ɗɔ́ɔ́-)
sleep	ááríd̪ɛ	arkid̪ɛ	yaard̪ɛ	ííríd̪ɛ	íriid̪ɛ	íírígíd̪ɛ́	áárígíd̪a	ɪ́rɪjí	ɪɪrigíd̪ɛ		he is asleep
small	m-, n-ít̪t̪i / k-, n-íd̪íd̪i	asɔ́gɔ́	(ʃi)ʃiʔɲá / gííɗáɗɗa	titɛ́ʔlá	aadíttik	(m-)iʈílli / k-iʈííɖi	mi-t(t)it(t)íɲá / ki-	atálli / ŋgííyɛlli	(m-)ɛttyɔ́; ma-ɗisɛ́ɛ́llɛ / kí-ɗísɛ	few
smell v.	úɗɗu	ánɗu			úɗɗu	úɗɗú		úɗɗu	ɒ́ɒ́ɗu
smoke n.	(ńd̪iyɔk) / t̪iyɔk	tííkʊ́	tiigɔ	(n-) / tiigu(k)	ndiigʊ	ńʈiigo	(ándiigɔ) / tiigɔ	ndiigʊ	ndiigʊ		KR: dust; TS: cloud
smooth	ɪ́ɪ́ssassɛrɛk	kilikílík		kugulí		ɔ́ɔ́gɔ́lɔɓa-kɔlɔɓa		ɪɪrijiriji	ʊ́ʊ́ɲʊ́gʊ́lí
snake	ɲi / náá-, nɛ́ɛ́-, ɲɛ́ɛ́-	mamáálák / ni-		nni / náá-ni	ni / nɛ́ɛ́-	ínní / nóóní		nni / nɔ́oni	nni / náá-ni		TL: M
speak	ɔlɔnɔǃ	íɓá (sani)ǃ	gi-d̪ímáága	ɛɛmaǃ	aama	ɛɛma	ɛáámá	ɛ́ɛ́ma; ájááma	ad̪ɛ́ɛ́maǃ		TL: AIA
spear	kánda / ɔ́lɔ́ɔ́nɛ; ɓɔ́ɔ́la / kɪ-	báálá / nu-		kanɖá / maganɖá	gándá / nágándá	kanʈʰá / maganʈʰá		t̪iŋ-gándá / ni-	kándá / nigándá		MU: (d ~ ɖ); bɔ́ɔ́la / kɪ- (shaft); TL: M
spit	ɓáánaǃ	ɓɔɔk fɔ́kǃ		pt̪ûǃ	agij-ɑ́ɑ́lɑɑga	uppu-báálaaga-jɔ́		ɓíŋalɛkǃ; alaga	bɛ́ɛ́naǃ		TL: throw saliva; KR: alaga (saliva)
split	tímání guɓoǃ	afɛ́rɛ́d̪ɔ́ǃ		ɗusúnɔǃ	apparana-kubo	ɔɗusúnááná kuɓu		súnú kúɓúǃ	araɓááni kaɓʊ́ǃ; sʊ́ŋááꜝní-gáɓú		TL: AIA, atte (chop)
squeeze	t̪ərîkǃ	at̪irɛ́d̪ɔǃ		aad̪íríkǃ		ad̪íríǃ		ayaanaǃ; umunɔɔnɔ gwaana	ɛɛnaǃ
stab	hɔ́naǃ	tɔ́(g)ɔ́d̪ɔǃ; fʊ́ǃ		fʊ́ʊ́nɔǃ	ɓoono	fɔ́ɔ́nɔǃ		ɔ́ɔduǃ	(p)fáŋiǃ		YE: fʊ́ǃ (shoot); TL: ɓoono (shoot), AIA
stand	abɛ́	abíyɛ́	yiɗigiɗɔ	ɗiŋɛ́	afííɗɔ	ɛɛɗiŋɛ́; at̪t̪i-fikíɖɔ	adíɲɛ́; fyáágɔɗɔǃ	ɔ́ɓú; fíǃ	áɓʊ́ŋɛ́ɛ
star	t̪í- / míd̪ik	t̪əmádíŋik / adiŋík	t̪i- / mid̪iŋɛ	t̪i- / mid̪igik	t̪im- / mad̪agɛk	t̪i- / mid̪igí	ca- / mad̪ígí	t̪i- / mɛd̪ijí	t̪i- / mid̪igi
stick	ɓ-ala / ke-	arík / n-		arík / nɛ́ɛ́gə́rík	tok; tɔ / nɔ́ɔ́-	kʊ́ʊ́fí / nʊgʊ́ʊ́fí		kʊʊfɪ / náágʊʊfɪ	kʊʊfi / nʊ́gʊ́ʊ́fi		TL: tok AIA; tɔ / nɔ́ɔ́- M
stone	m-úsei / k-	mi-síník / gu-	miʃi / níígíʃi	misik / nɛ́ɛ́gísik	misik / náá-	misi / nɛ́ɛ́gisi	miʃi / kiʃi, náágísi	n-isi / k-; m-isi	mi-zigi / ka-		KR: m-isi (R)
straight	wɪ́rrɪ́k	kúkúrik		aadɔ́ŋgɔ́rɔ		ɔʈʈɔʈɔ́		ɔrtɔŋ gwáán	t̪ɔŋ-gɔ́ɔ́ná		MI: long
suck	oɓóǃ	ɓoáǃ		aɓɓúǃ	ʊ́ɓɓʊǃ	oɓɓíǃ		aɓúǃ	ɔɔnɛ́ǃ
sun	t̪énéa	ayá	nd̪alaaya	nd̪alaya	nd̪inaaya	ǹd̪anaaya	and̪anáyá	ayyá	ɪɪyá		* = day
swell (swollen)	úŋgu	awɔ́ní(ŋ)		afúúrú	ufúúrú	úwú		awu	awu
tail	ndɛɗík / t̪ɛɗík	íídík / nig-	tú / nɒ́ɒ́-	iid̪í / niŋgid̪i	iid̪i / níŋg-	t̪iid̪í / nɪgí-	tú / náá-	ííd̪í / nijíꜝt̪ʊ́ʊ́ni	iid̪í / nigit̪ááni
take	kúdɪkǃ	mʊ́ǃ; ɪyáǃ		lláǃ; nnaǃ	amáána	amáána, ɗógáǃ	aláǃ; ɗágwáǃ	ɪlláǃ; ɗúgwaǃ	lááǃ; ɗáǃ		t. from me; t. by yourself
thick	ʊ́ʊ́ɗʊnɗʊ	aguɗɛ́rɛ́		asissík	adittik; ɛssissi	áʈáɓɓu		aɓɔrɔ́ŋɔ́; ɔ́ttɯdɯ	n-attíɽá		TL: AIA, M; TO: big
thin	ʊsissík	ʊ́rrɪ́		titɛ́ʔlá	orri	ééɗáɗɗá		ʊ́ʊ́rʊ́ʊ́rí	n-ʊ́rʊ́ʊ́rí		MI: small; TL: AIA
thing	ɔ́ɔ́ma / ɛɛma	núm(m)á / ama		níímɔ / ɛɛma	níímɔ / aama	níímɔ́ / ɛɛma		ɲááma / ?	ɲááma / ɛɛma	animal	MU, YE: ?
tie	imeɗáánaǃ	mʊ́ɗɛǃ		fuɗáánaǃ	miɗaana	miɗáánaǃ		máɗaanaǃ	máɗɛ́-kabʊ́		TL: AIA
tongue	ëëdɔ / niŋgɔ́ɔ́dɔ	t̪aŋʊɗɔ / anɗɔ́ɔ́nɛ́	ŋɔɗɔ / ní-	(ŋ)ŋáɗɔ / nagáŋgáɗɔ	áŋgáɗuk / ni-	ŋ́gɔɗɔ / nugúŋgɔ́ɗɔ	a-ŋgɔ́ɗɔ / nɔ-, (n)agʊ-	cɔɔɗɔ / níjɔɔɗɔ	t̪ɔŋɔɗɔ́ / nid̪ɔ́ŋɔɗɔ́
tooth	t̪íŋíni	t̪ɪŋɪnɪ	nd̪iŋiní	t̪í-	t̪-	t̪íŋ-gini	cíɲ(g)ini	t̪ɪn-jɪnɪ	t̪i-giní
teeth	ííni	kɪɪnɪ	ŋiini	ŋíni	iŋŋini	ii-	ágini	ɪ-	níd̪í-
tree	nde-aadí	t̪aŋaɗí	ffa	ffa	ffa	affá	fa	ffa	ffa
trees	k-	kaaɗí	fáád̪ánɛ	nááfa	nááfa	nnááfa	afáád̪ana	náfat̪ani	nááfa
turn, imp.	húꜝɗáǃ	afad̪ákǃ		aafálɛ́	ɛɛlɛ	aafɛ́llɛ́ǃ		áffáǃ	asála karrɛ́ǃ
vomit, imp.	ɔ́hɔǃ; ho	afááníǃ		ɔɔfɔ́ǃ	ɔɔfɔ ~ ɛ̈ɛ̈fɔ	ɔɔfɔ́ǃ		ɔ́ɔ́fɔǃ; ndɔ́ɔ́fɔ	ɔ́ɔ́fɔǃ		MU, KR: n.
walk	úŋgaanɛ	wáánɪ	yú-wáánɛ	wáánɛǃ	úúweene	ʊ́ŋgɛ́ɛ́nɛ	aguŋgwáná	t̪-aŋgwaani	ŋgʷá!		KR: R, TS: go
warm	elálá	ŋúɗáni		aguɗáána	ííyuyyuk	aguɗáána		álaala	ŋ-áláála
wash, imp.	ewáánaǃ	awáánɪ́ǃ		agut̪unɛ́ǃ, iyɔ́ɔ́nɔ	awaana	ɔgáánáǃ		awwáan(a)ǃ	ʊ́wáánaǃ		MI: hands, clothes; TL: AIA
water	ɓííd̪í	ɓiid̪i	ɓeeʃi	ɓiid̪i	ɓiid̪i	ɓiid̪i	ɓííjí	ɓiid̪i	ɓiigi		SA: j ~ d̪
wet	ɪ́ɪ́la	ifík		máá ɓiid̪i	aaɓiid̪i	aɓiid̪i		ɪ́ɪ́fɪ	(n-)ɪ́ɪ́fɪ́		*= of water; MI, TL, TO: *; TL: AIA
what?	mina	məná	m̀na	-mna	minna	minna	mɔ́na	náán(á)	minna
when?	ááda	ád̪a		áád̪a	kijeed̪a	áád̪a		áád̪a	áád̪a		TL: AIA
where?	kaagá	gidíyɛ́		kɪ́á	kiya	kíga		kâ	kádííyá		TL: AIA
white	ahííru	abrá	aaɓassá	aabassa	aabassa	ááɓássa	ááɓássa	afíírʊ́	afíírá
who?	bid̪á	ndá	m̀d̪á	m̀d̪á; md̪aaní	m̀d̪a	mad̪a	mad̪a	ǹdá	nd̪á
wide	aduháála	afláŋá		aɖabbʊ		áʈáɓɓu		afaláŋŋá	íígi		MI, TO, TS: big
wife	néá	nimɪ́yá / aya		yuugi / iyɛ	yɔɔgi / nií-	akká / iiya		nímɛ́ / kád̪ú ɲga niyɛ	yaagɪɪ / ɪɪya		*= woman + POSS; MU, YE, TO, KR: * ; MI, TS: PL *
wind	t̪iɲá	aɲʊ́	t̪iɲa	t̪íɲa	ɲa	t̪íɲa		t̪iɲá	t̪iɲá		TL: AIA
wing	mɪ́-sawa / kɪ-	nd̪ugurt̪ɔ́k / kurt̪ɔ́k		nzɛgɛdɛ / agadɛ	nzagadek / agadek	ǹsɛgaʈɛ / agaʈɛ ~ ɛgɛʈɛ		ndandi / tandi	tandɛ / nírândɛ
wipe	imbíǃ	ad̪iyʊǃ		ayugúǃ; agíyɔ́ɔ́nɔ	ígíyɔ́ɔ́nɔ	ɛgiyɔ́ɔ́nɔ́ǃ		sɔ́ɔnɔǃ	agiyánaǃ
woman	n- / éá	nimɪ́yá / aya	liɲá / iyya	lɪɲá / iya	kká / iiya	akká / iiya	lɛ́mɛ / ííya	kááú maa nímmɛ́ / kád̪ú ŋgaa niiyɛ	nímíɲa / ɪɪya
woods	t̪íllɛ / adilɛ́ɛ́nɛ	ndílɛ́-ŋáád̪í		t̪íílɛ́	d̪ííle / náá-	ʈʰíílɛ / ná-		tíili	ndíílɛɛɓʊ́	YE tree	TL: d̪ ~ d, M; KR (R: ʈ)
work, imp.	ɪd̪aa gɔ́ɲáǃ	ad̪oáǃ		agɔ́ləjʊǃ	aaliŋo	ɛɛlíŋgɔ́ǃ		ɔd̪ɔ́ɔ́-mɔd̪ɔ	ad̪á-mádɔǃ		MU: do work; TL: AIA
worm	t̪ɪŋ(g)- / aɗinɔ	t̪aŋ- / aɗinɔ		t̪áá-díínʊ / á-	a-ɗiinɔ / d̪aa-	nd̪- / áɗiinɔ		c- / aɗɪaanʊ	mɪdááɗɪɪnɔ / adɪ́ɪ́nɔ́		TL: M
wrong	t̪aa-d̪ígí	aɗwállá		kaa-mɔ́ɔ́rɛk		t̪ááláɗiila		ɔɔrɔ́ɔ́bɔ	aŋɔrɔ́ɔ́ɓɔ		MU: not right; TO: not good; KR, TS: bad
year	t̪isÉ	yÉgÉ / ki-			uurnu; arúúnE / nag-	arúúnú / nag-		fáli / naa-	fálE / ni-		MI: Ar.; TL: AIA, M
one	kɔ́ttɔk	tʊʊl	ŋɔ́ttɔ́	ŋɔttɔk	ŋ́ŋattɔk	úŋ!gɔ́ʈʈɔ́	ŋgɛttɔ́	ɪ́ŋwa	íŋínɔ́ɔ́nɔ
two	kaará	áríya	(nd̪)ɛ́ɛ́rá	ɛ́ɛ́ra	ɛ́ɛ́ra	ɛ́ɛ́ra	ɛ́ɛ́rɛ́	yáárɪ́a, ɲáári	ɛ́ɛ́rya
three	t̪ɔ́ɔ́na	ɗɔ́ɔ́ná		eɛɗɔ́ɔ́na	aad̪oona (aia)	eeɖɔ́ɔ́na	ɛaaɗɔ́ɔ́ná	yɔ́ɔ́ɗɔɔnɔ	ɔ́ɔ́ɗɔɔna		TL: AIA
four	kíísu	gíssʊ		iigíísʊ	iigiiso (aia)	éégíísɔ	iigíísʊ	yɪ́ɪ́jiisʊ	ɛ́ɛ́gissa		TL: AIA
five	t̪úmmu	dúmmʊ́		iid̪úmmu	uud̪ummu	eed̪úmmú	iid̪úmmú	arɔ́ɔ́diniisʊ	niisʊ	KRː hand	TL: AIA; TS: hand
six	rɔ́ssa	dúmáɲíŋgʊ		ad̪ʊmɗɪɔ́ɔ́na	and̪anaanago	eed̪úmmú (ɔɔ)funú-ŋgɔ́ʈʈɔ́		attɪkɪ́dɪ́ ɲʊ́ŋgwa	niisʊ (yáŋ)íŋínɔ́ɔ́nɔ		TL: AIA
seven	kɔ́rdáta	ɗɔrká		iigíísʊ adʊkkʌʌd̪ʊ	attimisso	eed̪úmmu (ɔ́ɔ́)fun(uk)ɛ́ɛ́ra		attɪkɪ́dɪ́ ɲáár	niisʊ yáŋ(g)ɛ́ɛ́rya		TL: AIA
eight	áttá	abbʷá		agís-gíísʊ	t̪iŋt̪ist̪a	eed̪úmmú		attɪkɪ́dɪ́ ɲɔ́ɔ́ɗɔɔn	niisʊ yåŋ(g)ɔ́ɗɔ́ɔ́na		TL: AIA
nine	kɔ́rdɔ́ɓá	t̪aɲuŋgwɛ́		t̪ʊm̀gíísʊ	uud̪umu t̪ist̪a	eed̪úmmú ɔ́ɔ́-fúnígíísɔ		attɪkídí ɲííjiis	niisʊ yáŋɛ́ɛ́gissa; nisínɛ kɛ́ɛ́gissa		TL: AIA
ten	t̪ɔ́ɓɓá	amɗɛ́ɛ́gá		ɛɛláána	iilaana	eed̪úmmú aníísínɛ́		arwɒɒdɪnísínɛ	arɔɔdi niisʊ; (ya)anísínɛ		TL: AIA
twenty	t̪ɛaaɗí	ad̪aŋaaɗí		aagad̪úluguulú	akku maa miɗi			arwɒ́ɒ́dinísínɛ (cíí)jáágʊ́ʊ́nɪ	nisínɛ ŋattɛɛryʊ; nisínɛ́ ŋgɛ́ɛ́rꜝyá		TL: AIA; TO: Ar.
hundred	t̪eaaɗi t̪ed̪úmmu				nigukku maamɗi giid̪ummu			(kad̪u) njɔ́jiisʊ			YE, MI, TO, TS: Ar.; TL: AIA
1SG	aʔa	áʔa	aʔa	áʔa	aʔa	aʔa	áʔa	aʔa	aʔa
2SG	oʔo	ʊ́ʔʊ	ɔʔɔ	ɔ́ʔɔ	oʔo	ɔʔo	ɔ́ʔɔ	ʊʔʊ	ʊʔʊ
3SG.M			iʔi	íʔi	iʔi	iʔi	íʔi	ɪʔɪ
3SG.F		agu	aagu	ɔ́ɔ́gɔk	oogok	ɔ́ɔ́gɔ	aagu	aagu
1PL.IN		aŋá	aŋŋa	ŋ́ŋa	anga	aŋa	áŋŋá	aŋŋá
1PL.EX		aŋʊ́	ɔŋŋɔ	ŋ́ŋɔ	oŋo	uŋɔ	ʌyyi	ɔ́ɔ́ú	aayʊ́
2PL		aga	aaga	aagak	aagak	aaga	aaga	aaga
3PL		agi	iigi	ɛɛgɛk	eegek	ɛɛgɛ	aaya	aai

Stevenson & Blench (n.d.)

The following comparative word list of Kadu languages is from Stevenson & Blench (n.d.):

Glosses are sometimes listed multiple times to reflect different cognate sets for the same gloss.

Languages

1. Tulishi
2. Kamdang
3. Keiga
4. Demik
5. Kanga
6. Abu Sinun
7. Chiroro
8. Miri
9. Kadugli
10. Katcha
11. Krongo Abdullah
12. Tumma
13. Krongo
14. Fama
15. (Tumtum)
16. Kurondi

List

Gloss	Tulishi	Kamdang	Keiga	Demik	Kanga	Abu Sinun	Chiroro	Miri	Kadugli	Katcha	Krongo Abdullah	Tumma	Krongo	Fama	Kurondi
all		nyɛmuk						dok	ɪndɪli			t̪úllì
all			pil						nyɛ'dɛ
armpit										ʈɛn-ɛ́ɖɔ / Ø-			ʈin-yááʈù
arrow	kɪn-sína / Ø-									sulɛ / naa-
arrow		kɛsɛ'dugala			buwala			buwala					bɔ́ɔ́lɔ̀ / ni-
arrow															tisi
ashes	fu’dwä / no	u’dö	fu’do			fudo		fudo	fu’do		fɔdo		fudo / no-
ashes												nɖɔ́ɔ́lɔ̀ pl. ʈɔ́ɔ́lɔ̀
axe	k-ambu / ki-	kambuk / niŋgambuk	alfai / nig-		sikundo(k)			kambu	kunu / nugunu	kafa / naagafa			ʈíŋ-gafà / ní-
axe										su-kɔnɖro / o-					ndwara
baboon	k-ooi / ki-	öyu / ki-	uyu / nuŋg-		uyuk			kwuyu	k-ɔiyu / nig-	k-ooyo / nog-			óóyù / nig-		uyu
back	’dai / ki-	’dorɛ / ki-	’dɔlɛrɛ / kin-						’dugwarɛ / na-	’dugwarɛ / náá			dɔ́rɔɔrî / ni-	dóoróorí / nò-
bad					adhruko			adhruko		aɖɔrɔkɔ			-orob		orobo
bamboo									ʈu-muro / Ø-	ʈam-mɛro / Ø-			ʈín-dhalà / Ø-
bark (tree)			ndhi-fɛk / Ø-										míɖigɔʈɔ̀ / kɔtɔ̀
bark (tree)									tafu	ndofu, tofu
bat									’b-alɛʈɛ́ / Ø-	’b-alɛʈɛ́ / Ø-			dhillî / ni-,ne-
bean(s)			ma’dik / ʈi-		madik			madik		ʈi-ma’di / Ø-			ʈi-máádhî / Ø-		madi
beard	kɪnzɛlɛbu / kalabu	bɔrɔrŋgɔ / ki-	nyiba ʈabok
beard								musa ma nino	timmusa	ʈumusá mɔ bɔrɔŋɛ			bɔrɔŋɔ̂
bee		ʈiŋuɖe / kuɖe	ʈuŋguɖek / kuɖek		tuŋgwudhe			tuŋgwudhe	tiŋudhe / kudhe	ʈuŋguɖe / kuɖe			ʈuŋgwuɖî / kwuɖî		kudhua
beer		ali	ŋali						kali	ŋaali / na-			ŋáálì
belly	kaaɖi' / kiaaɖi'	aadhi / niŋg-	adhi / nigidhi	adhi	adhi(k)		aiji	adhi	adhi	aiɖi / naŋgaɖi	aji	aiji	ááɖì / nigáɖì	aidhi	adhi
big			abulɔŋɔ	abalɔŋ	abokɛ	abokwɛ		-adhilo	ààdàbbù
big								-atagbo	adagbo, atagbo	-adagbo			-iji	ijumu	-ijimwa
big										-ifi			-ifi
bird		midh-ɛkɔi / al	thawɛk / awɛk	thawik / awik											twa
bird	laɖɔ(y)i / kɔyi			ʈaawɪ́k / aawɪ́k	ndoi		andhwe / awuye	ndoi	ndei / ei	ndwe / we	ndɔyé / weyi		ndugwáí / waí	ndugwai / wai
bird									ndwi / wi	nduye / uye			kɔ́lɔ / ní		kolo / nigalo [Tumtum]
bitter / sour										a’deri
bitter / sour										a’dolo
black		a’duk	a’duk		-ududu,dudu		u’du’du		u’du’du	-u’du’du
black			amodik					-amandik
black													aloiny	olunyu	-olunya
blood	káríɖa’	aridha	aridho		iridhu(k)		oridho, ɛridho	ɛridhó	ɛridhó	ariɖo (sg. baŋg-)	iridho	ɛridho	ɔ́riɖò sg. c-	ɔridho
blood															oba
body	k-ɔná’ / ki-	ɔna	wana / anɖini						ɔná	ɔna			òonó / nig(w)-
bone	kuɓâ’ / kuɓónì’	ku’ba / ku’boni	thoŋu’ba / ku’ba		kubok		cigoboni / kuboni	thɔŋgoba / kuboni	thɔŋo’bá / ku’boní	ku’ba / ku’boni / naagu’ba	kubini	cigubini / kubini	kubóónì / no-	kuboni / nu-	koboni
bow (n.)		kɛsɛ'dugula			kwuyuyu			kwuyuyu		ʈabarapará / parabará			kúsurendî / no-		jariga
bowels	löɖösi / kösi		ʈaŋ-asisi / Ø-						kisík	ema m-aɖi			mɔjóo-ɖìsì / kó-
bowels									am aiɖi
boy	lamadi / kalelanɖi	ʈamaɖi / kalanɖi	’b ́la / kanyaŋ		bi-ledha(k) / ki-			bela / lele	biʈa / alala	bibala / lɛla	bilyadha / ilyadho		bilyáátà / kália		bileda adego
boy															keleŋgin
breast (f.)	kun-tunu / Ø-tunu; kano / kiano	tho-no / a-	tho-nogo / Ø-		dhu-nugu / u-		tho-nogo / a-	tho-nogo / a-	tho-nogo / a-	ʈo-nogo / a-	thu-nogo / u-	tho-nogo / a-	ʈo-nogò / a-	tha-nogo / a-	thó-nugwu / a-
brother	riniriöze	irie / ninye	arie / niŋg-						rɪ / nigire	Ø-rɪ́ / no-			bɔlɔɖímɔ̀ / címɔ̀
buffalo		maɖakanɛ / ki-							aburɔŋɛ / nig-	li / nää-			lì / náálì
bull	k-ɔndola’ / ki-	kɔ’-dola / nɔ’-	m-iɖɛ / nig-		afo kamidhe			fio namidhe	kɔrra / nɔgɔrra	k-ɔdda / nɔg-			m-èèɖì / c-		fiyo midhe
butter								fuuti							camadhi
buttocks	kaɖufa / ʈɪŋ-								’bilik / ilik	ʈ-umbu / Ø-,naɖ-			n-ɖúúfà / à-
cat	k-ɔsɛ / ki-				kadis			kadis		mbisà / ni-
cat	muɖure / nu-		buɖörɛ		mdhiri			mudhiri	muɖure / aɖurene	muɖure / na-			mu-ɖurì / ku		mudhure
charcoal	ʈɪŋgi-yâ / ki-	ʈiŋg-iyak / ki-	ʈiŋ-iak / k-		kujak			kujak	ʈiŋ-íàk / k-	ʈiŋg-ia / k-			ʈinjííà / cííà		kiya
chest	ro	ro / naro	rɔ / narɔ		’rɔ(k)			rɔ	rɔ / na-	rɔ / naa-	rɔ		rɔ̀ / nigɔrɔ́ɔ̀nì		ro
chief or king	ki-ɔra’ / ni-				igwara			igwara	wara / nogo	ogwaara / nog-	igwara		ì-gwààrà / nijí		ugwara
chief or king		sak / na-	sigak / na-
child			bila / kanya							bibala / lala			bilyááʈà / kália		bileda
chin	kin-zɛlɛbu / nɛ-	bɔrɔŋgɔ / ki-	ʈabok							’bɔrɔŋgɛ / na-
claw, fingernail	ʈule / kale	mi-silɔŋgɔ / ki-	thoŋo-swala / ko-					mu-sulaga / ku-	ku-sulaaga	mu-solaga / ku-
claw, fingernail					mishiŋiro						mishuŋgwiro				midhinyalo
claw, fingernail													moɖo-yóyò / kwo-
cloth	ʈ-anɖi / k-	ʈ-andhe / Ø-	ʈaŋ-andhe / Ø-		thandi			thandi		ʈ-ɛnɖi- / Ø-	thandi		nɖ-andhì / Ø-		thandi
cloud	ʈɪŋgo-tiyɔ / ko-								ʈimbagarak				ʈì-magáárà / Ø-	thì-mɔgár / Ø-
cloud		thulluk / ku-								ʈullúgú / naa-
cloud					tifudo(k)			tifilo		ʈɪ-llɪpi / kɪ-		cìn-; fɔdɔ / najin-
cow	piɔ’ / kɛfɔ’	hiɔ / ɛhɔ	fio / afo		sho			fio	fiɔ / ɔfɔ	fiɔ / ɛfɔ			fyà / yààfìì		fiyɔ
dog	kaɖi’	itheni	artheni		itheni		ɪceni	atheni	itheni	(i)ʈeni		atheni	nìgìʈènì	nigitheni
dog	kerâ’	era	era		era		era	era	therá	ʈera		era	nɖanèrà	ndhanera	iraa
donkey	ʈɔya / ni-		ki-sinɛ / nigi-		sillikiro			kisine	ki-sinɛ / nigi-	ki-sinɛ / nigi-
donkey													ʈimb-asanì / Ø-		bethane
dove	lamaamrɛ / ka-				timdiri			tiglikiri		nɖ-alambo / Ø-			ʈi-madhíírì / Ø-		nigilokodo
drum	pampa / kii-	pampa / ki-	fofoŋ / ni-		famfa			amva	amba / nig-	amba / kab-, nagab-			f-àmbà / Ø-
drum															nugara (< Arabic)
dry (a.)								arumɛ	arumɛ	-arumɛ
dung		ʈinjɔ	oɖo							ʈan-oso / Ø-			kúsò
dust		kura	andhuk							ndhuŋguru			fudhò / no-
ear	nɛsɔ’ / niz ́nɛ’	nɛzɔ / kizinɛ	na-sɔ / a-		nɛzo(k) / izinɛk	nɛzɔ / izɪnɛ	nɛzɔ / izɪnɛ	nɛzɔ / izinɛ	nazɔ / izinɛ	nɛsɔ / isɪnɛ	nezo / ezenimu	nasɔ / izino	nìàsù / nísinì	niázɔ / nisini	neso / nɛsɛna
earth	kuraagaa	ʈúŋgurá / kurá							kuraga	kuraga			kɔrɔŋɔ / ni-
egg	kunzule’ / sule’	njullɛ / sullɛ	thusule / sule		uzule		zulle / nugu-	ʈunzule / sule	tunzulɛ / sulɛ	tunzulɛ / sulɛ		thunzule / sule	ʈusúlì / (o)súlì	thusuli / suli	sulaa
eight		atha								ofunn-iɖɔna					atithona
eight			ɔ’ba
eight					ugizizu			utumgizu
eight									atemiso
elbow	ladugura / nii-	mi-thɔrɔ / ki-	ndh-uara / ath-		midugorok			midugorok	muthɔgɔrɔk	ma-thɔŋgɔɔrɔ / ki-	midu gworo		kɔthigɔ́ɔ́rɔ̀ / ni-		kurigoru
elephant	mɔŋɔ́’ / ki-	mɔŋgɔ / ki-	muwo / nu-		mizok			muŋwo	mɔŋɔ / ki-	mɔŋɔ / na-, kɔ-			miŋwà / amiŋwààni		miŋo
empty													-ɔdhɔfɔ́ɔ̀lɔ̀
enclosure (=zariba)	ɓ-aara / k-	b-aarak / aya-	b-aarɔk / Ø-						b-aarɔk / Ø-
enclosure (=zariba)													bújòòrì
excrement, shit			oɖo						ʈundh-oso / Ø-	nɖon-oɖo / Ø-			òòɖò
eye	koye’ / kiyanɛ’	ai / iye	aye / nigɛnɛ		iye(k) / iue(k)		ayɛ / iye	eyɛ / iye	aye / iye	ɔe / iye	a'ia / iyi	ɔe / iye	báli m-ɔyyò	ɔyɔ / iy ́	eye / iye
fat (n.)	tɪŋgɔ∫â / kɔɓâ’		aba		obomefo (=butter)	ɔba	oba / ndhol-	ɔba / indhil-	ɔba / indhin-	ɔba / nɖare-		oba	ààbà	aba
'my father'	apa	apa	a-fa / nugu-		fafa		fafa / naga-	apa	aba,pupá	pupa / ku-	fafa	fafa	mbapà	mpà ́
'your father'		kɔ								yo					auwo
'his father'		ema								iima			éémà / nac-		ima
fire	kisi’	isi	así		isi	ishi	ɪsi	isi	isi	ɪsi		ɪsi	isì / nig-	isi	isi
fish	ʈɪŋgɪlowa’ / kalowa’	ndhilowa / kilowa	thin-ara / Ø-
fish					indigologo	midhigilogok	miji-kilɔgɔ / Ø-	midhi(gi)-logok / ki-	midhi-logo / ki-	mɪɖɪgɪ-logo / ki-		mijigi-lɔgo / ki-	miɖíí-lóògò / cíí-	midhi-lɔgo / ci-	kiloga
fly (n.)	ʈɪŋga-'sa’ / ka-	thin-asa / Ø-					andhal-asa / Ø-	indhal-asa / Ø-	andhin-asa / Ø-	nɖan-asa / Ø-		ndhin-ása / Ø-	nɖin-áásà / Ø-	ndhin-ása / Ø-
foot	kowà’ / kunɛ’	auwa / konɛ́	Ø-onɛ / nog-		uwɔ gi danik	owa / owonɛ	owa / onɛ	owá / onɛ	auwá / onɛ	owá / onɛ	auwa	auwa / ona	àwwà / óónì	auwa / oni	auwa
give	anyâ	nya	na		anokolo 'I gave'			nani		(a)’daŋga / ag-			ɖáŋà / a-		nana 'I gave'
good								-adela	-adela	-aɖela			adela	adɛ́lə	adila
good					alo
good			iyoŋ
grass	ʈɪŋg-aaya / k-						andhal- / aya	indhal- / ayɔ	indhan- / ayɔ	nɖan- / ayɔ		ciŋg- / aya
grass													ʈù / noo-	tru / nudu
grass			thingisek
ground			bathul					butulu	búthulu	búthulu			fuda		fuda
hair	kau
hair		thin- / au			uwɔk		andhal- / auwa	indhal- / au	indhan- / au	nɖan- / aú	au	ciŋg- / aú	nɖin- / áú	ndan- / au	auwa
hair			thi- / nyiba
hand	Ø-nízò / iki-	nizo / kizinɛ	niso / nisinɛ		nizu / izini		nizo / izinɛ	nizo / izinɛ	nizo / izinɛ	niso / isinɛ	nizu / izinu	nizo / izino	nísò / nísinì	nizɔ / nisini	nisa / nisini
head	koɖu / kiɛɖu	adhu / niŋg-	amdho / n-		ŋudhu		ŋödhu / naga-	ödhu	ödhu	oɖu / naŋgaɖu		ŋgadhu	óóɖù / nig-	ɔdhu	udhu
heart		tho-no / a-	bilatho-nogo / kanya-		ɖunugu		thonogo	dhunugu	ʈunugu	ʈonogo			ʈonogò	thonogo	thúnugu
horn		ndhili-dhɔ / ki-	ndhigi-dho / ki-				ndhili-dho / i-	indhili-dho / i-	indhini-dho / i-	ʈɪniɖo / iɖo			ʈin-ííɖù / Ø-	idho
I, me	a, ɪŋa	a	a’a		a’a	a’a	a’a	a’a	a’a	a’a		a’a	á’à	a’a	a’a
kill	aɖa							ɛdha		iɖa / ag-			ídà / ag-		idan
kill		pa	ba
knee	ki-mee / na-	mi / na-	mi / nɛ-		mi		ʊmɛ / nug-	kogi / no-	kugɛ / nu-	kuge / nuguge	mi	mi / na-	mì / noo	mi	mi
leaf	kin-ʈaro / Ø-	thu-suloŋ / Ø-	ndaro				and-aro / nagat-	indarɔ / tarɔ	nɖarɔ / tarɔ			ndaro / taro	nɖááru / ʈáárù	ndaru / taru
leaf															tende
liver		lenyi / ki-	nyi / na-							ʈonogɛ			ʈinyì / ni-
long		-asalla	-asagala				-atɔŋgɔrɔ	-atɔŋgɔrɔ; -izigala	-asigala	-aʈɔŋgɔrɔ				asɔraij
louse			thiŋi-dhe’de / ki-						kiɖikiɖik
louse										lɪŋɛ / naga-
man (male)	bi-the / ki-	mi-dhɛ / ki-	tho-jo / Ø-		mi-dhek / nigi-		midhɛ	mi-dhɛ / nigi-	mi-dhɛ / nigi-	mi-dɛ / nigi-		medha	arijì / n-		ca-dego / Ø-
many		-iki	adhene; adhigane					(k)atofai	(k)arragbo	(k)aɖagbo
meat	tu’-da’ / ku’-	ndhoda / koda	th-o’da / Ø-		odha		th-o’da / Ø-	th-oda / Ø-	o’da	ʈ-o’da / Ø-		thoda	nɖ-óóɖà / Ø-	ndh-oda / Ø-	dhoda
moon	ʈarɛ	tharɛ / kitharanɛ	therɛ / kirɛnɛ		tharɛk		tharɛ	tharɛ / kadharɛnɛ	thɛrɛ́	ʈarɛ / na-			ʈàrì / nì-	thari	thara
mountain	nya	nya / ayanɛ	mia / kayanɛ				ɪma / naɪma	nya / na-	nya / na-	nya / naa-	dhami		diaámà / ni-	’diaama	minyagwana (?)
mouth	nina / niina	nina / -dhi	nina / namnadhɛ		ninu		nino / nigi-	nino	nino	nino	nino	nino	níínò	nino	nina
name			ɛrɛ / nigirɛnɛ				ɛrɛ / nigirɛnɛ	ɛrɛ / nigirɛnɛ	ɛrɛ / nigirɛnɛ	ɛrɛ / nɪgɪrɛnɛ			yáárì / nigin-	yari
neck		ai / niŋg-	ai / niŋgei-		ai		ai / nigeye	ai / nɪg-		ayi / naŋg-	ayi		áí / nìgéì	ai	ŋe
neck	lerai				iyik
new								(mi)bitinyo	mibitiŋo	mobɪʈɪŋɔ			-amothuni		-amumitini
night		ɔsɔk / nɔsɔsɔk	koso		bosoni		ɔsinɛ	ɔsɔ	ɔsɔ	ɔsɔ / nɔg-			ɔ́ɔ́sɔ̀ / nig-	ɔsɔ	usuni
nose	bɔŋ-gɔrɔ / kaŋ-	bɔŋ-gɔrɔ / kaŋ-	b-arwɔk / Ø-		mɔrɔk	mɔrɔ	mɔŋɔrɔ / nɔgɔŋɔrɔ	ɔmbɔrɔk / nɔgɔŋgɔrɔk	ámbɔrɔk	mbɔrɔ / nɔgɔŋgɔrɔ	boŋgoro	bɔŋgɔrɔ	amʷɔ́ɔ́nì	amoni	mona
one	ŋgʷɔʈɔ	kɔtɔk	tol		ŋɔtɔ	ŋɔtɔ	ŋatɔ	iŋɔtɔk	uŋɔtɔ(k)	ŋgɔʈɔ́		ŋɔtɔ	nyuŋwa	nyuŋwa	iginono
other								ka(yodo)	kinodo	kɔnɔ
rain (n.)	kime	me	amɛ		tifudɔ		cifɔ’dɔ	thifɔdɔ	thɔmbɔdɔ	tɪmpɪɖɔ		cimfɔdɔ	n(n)ì	oiyɔni	-ore
red		obɛ	-abe, apɛ		-obi,-odi		ote	-agbɛ	-otɛ	-oʈɛ			eyoni	oiyoni	-ore
road	funɪ’ / nee-	Ø-hini / ki-	Ø-fini / ne-		fini		fini / no-	fini / nɛ-	fini / ne-	fini		fini / na-	fúúni / noo	funi / nɔ-
root			thuŋ’b-arɛ / Ø-						bare	b-arɛrɛ / Ø-			bárirì
sand		ndhumuk	thinyamuk		kwaraga		ndhamugo	ndhamogo	ndhamogu	nɖamogo			ʈi-siŋàànyì / a-		ndamugwu
sand			thi-sɛsɛk / Ø-
seed			thi-mulua / Ø-				baŋindhiliye; ledhimiye	ɪndh-eyuk / th-	ʈayɔk	ʈɔyɔ / na-			ʈi-mɔgɔ́lɔ̀ / Ø-
sit	ɪmbi				imik			(a)mik	amik	am(m)i / ag-			ɔ́mi / ɔ́-	omi	umi
sit			arukwá
skin	timil odho	thidhɛ	tho(go)		ona		furugo mana	tho / nadho	tho	ʈ-o’da / Ø-	thoda		ʈò, ʈinɖò	thɔ	oda
small			asogo		-isinya			-ititila	-atitik	-ɪʈiʈi			ŋwutu	atɛlli
small			isoso										jiu	itiny	-itemwa
smoke		tiyo	tikoŋ					tigo	ntigo	nɖigo		tigo	nɖíígò / no-	ndigo
snake		nya / na-	mamalak / ni-		nyi			ni / nö-	ni / ne-	ni / no-			nnì / nóónì	nɪ	ni
star	ʈɪ-mɪɖe / Ø-	thi-midhik / Ø-	thum-adɛgɛk / Ø-		thi-mdhiŋi			thɪ-mɪdhɪkɛ / Ø-	thimidhigɛ	ʈɪ-mɪɖɪgi / Ø-			ʈɪ-mɪɖɪji / Ø-	thɪ-mɪdhɪji / Ø-	madhigi
stone	miŋowi	mu-sei / gu-	thim-sɛnik / ku-		mizi			misɪk / nagisɪk	mi-si / nagi-	mi-si / negi-			mí-sì / kí-	mi-si / ki-	kisigi
stone													tafa		tafa
sun	ʈɪgɪnya’	thinea	aya		’ndhinaia		indhilaia	ɪndhalaya	indhinaia	nɖanaya			ayyâ / n-		aya
tail	kiɖi’ / kiiɖi’		idhik / niŋg					idhi / nig-	idhi	Ø-iɖi / nig-			Ø-íídi / nij-	idhi
tail										Ø-ʈiɖi / nigi
the bush		tille	til-eŋ / kindi-						thile	thile / no-			thíílì / no-
thin									orri	-e’da’da; =-ɪʈɔʈɔ́
thin
this			na					ye	ya	ya
this								mɔ	mɔ	mɔ
this								ye	ya	nɔ
thou	o; ɪŋo	ɔ	o’o		o’o		u’u	ɔ’ɔ	ɔ’ɔ	ɔ’ɔ		u’u	ú’ù	o’o	u’u
three	-ɛɖɔna	thɔna	thɔna		ɛdhɔna	idhɔna	ɛdhɔna	ɛdhɔna	ɔdhɔna	iɖɔna		idhɔna	nyodhon	nyɔdhɔn	odhona
to bear child		-ɛnɛ	-anɛ							ɛnɛ / ag-			aaní / ag-
to beat								-ubana	ubbaana	ubana / ag-
to beat													rúa / a-		arondi
to bite	a’dɔnâ							kidono (vi)	kidono (vi)	ki’dono (vi)
to bite			-dhodhu					kidi (vt)	kidi (vt)	ki’di (vt)			ɔ́kidì / ag-
to blow	fulle / ago-									fullɛ / ago-			fúllì / o-
to break (bowl)	ayoɖí								olana	ɔla(na) / ag-			ɔlɔ̀ / ɔg-
to break (stick)	nobuɖé	’bo	bo		buna			buna	buna	’boná / aga-			banà / a-		abana
to breathe										ala nya / ag-			íŋwɔ́ɔ̀nà / áj-
to bring			’dea					ayani	ayani	ayu			díà a / á-		di
to build	ärubwäna’							-arabono	urubono	orubo(no) / ag-			órubò / oj-
to burn		-ahinnɛ	-afinɛ						afaana	afɪnnɛ
to burn								ogu’dana	ogudaana				ágwudò	ágwudáánà
to buy / sell	ánâ’		anoga		’na			ana	ana	ana			ɔnɔ̀ / ɔ-	ònó	ano
to call	munä		alga-							muni / ago-			omúnò / aj-
to come	ide’	-i’de	dia		ande		adɛ,-idɛ	anudo	ida(k)	-iɖo			díà / á-	-(a)di	dia
to come (imp.)					ayu(k)			ayuk	ayu	ayu				iyə
to cook					iji			uzo	taforo	isho / ag-			osió / o-		naw’... gisi
to cough	ɔlɔ									aɖɔlɔ / ag-			ɔlɔ̀ / ɔ-
to count	inoni								inono	ɪnnɛnɛ / ag-			ínonì / ɔj-
to cover										okothu / ag-			áthì / ag-
to cry out, shout	athɛ		atharthar		ba			uzumu	edek	athɛ / ag-			áthì / ag-		ata
to defecate										oɖo			óóɖò / ág-
to die	a(y)í				aia			ai	ay	ayi,eyi / ag-			ááyà / ag-		-ay-
to dig	a’dönö									ii’do / ag-			ídò / aj-
to drink	we		wɛ				awɛ	wɛ	ɔwɛ, awɛ						awe
to drink			aga-	anau						ag-			agw-
to drink (imp.)				oi				ooi	oi	ɔɛ			ó(y)ì	oi
to eat (v.i.)	ori		kwuri / agagwuri		owuri		agwuri	agwuri	ogwuri	agwuri / a-			áúgwúrì	augwuri	agwuri
to go			saŋa / aga-						-ja	-jɔ			yáú / ajáú	yau
to go									kolo	kɔlɔ
to go (imp.)	ŋgwa'nɛ’	ŋgwani	awani		wani			wani							ŋgwa
I went					anafi			anafi
to hear	ofunyo		finuk		ofunyɔ			(a)finyo	(o)funyo	(o)funyɔ / ag-			funyò / o-	funyɔ	aŋgafinya
to know	osʷoŋe							aso	ussu	osso / ag-			ósò / og-
to know													ɔ́ɔ́ni / ag-
to say	olala’				thimaga			ɛma	ama	iki / ag-			íci / aj-	ama / aj-	adhoiama
to see			idho / ag-		die			dii		ajo(go) / ag-			urúnà / ag-		idhina
to sleep	yú		arkhidhɛ		aridhɛ			ɛridhɛ		ɛrɛgɪɖɛ / ag-			erikíɖì / ag-		irigidhe
to stand										a’dɪŋɛ			obúnyì / ag-
to stand														oto
tongue	k-a’ɗu’ / ki-												cɔ́ɔ́ɖɔ̀ / ni-	cɔdɔ / nijɔdɔ
tongue		ɔdɔ	thɔŋɔ’dɔ / a’dɔnɛ		oŋodhok		ŋɔdɔ / na-	ŋgɔdɔ / nagɔ-	aŋgado	ŋgaɖɔ	oŋgodho	ŋgɔdɔ / na-			thaŋado
tooth	tɪŋɪnɪ’ / kɪnɪ’	thiŋini / ini	thigini / kini		’ndhiŋini / inik		ciŋeni / ŋeni	th-ɪŋɪni / Ø-	tiŋini	ʈɪŋgɪni / ɪgini	ciŋini / agini		ʈinjinì / ijinì	tiŋgeni / igeni	t-igini / Ø-
tree	kinsaɗí / kaɗí		thiŋa’di / ka’di
tree			fa / na-		fa		fa / na-	fa / na-	fa	fa / na-		fa / na-	fà / nafaʈànì	fa / afathání	nifadhuna
two	-ɛrâ’	ara	arijaŋ		ɛra	ɛra	ɛra	ɛra	ɛra	ɛra		ɛra	nyari	nyari	era
warm / hot			-uŋu’danɛ				agudaana	agɔ’daana	oudaana	agu’daana
warm / hot		-ilala												alala
water	bíɖi’	bidhi	bidhi		beji	beshi	biji	bidhi	bidhi	biɖi / na-		biji	ʈim-bììɖì / Ø-	bidhi	bidhi
we (exclusive)	unze		ɔŋo		’ŋo			uŋo	uŋo	ɔŋɔ			óù	agʷu	o'o
we (inclusive)	anze							aŋa	aŋa	aŋa		aŋa	áŋà
wet					mu beji			mubidhi		-anya’dɔ			-efi		-ifi
what?			məná		mna			mná	minná	minná
what?										mini ŋɔ́
white		-ahíra	apura										-afiuru	-ofiuru	-ifíra
white							abasa	-abasa	-abasa	-abasa
white					-ijeni
who?			mdha, mdá		mda			mda (gɛ)	mdɛ (gɛ)
who?										madá, miɖi ŋɔ
woman	nɪn-ya / ki-	ne-a / iy-	nimia / aya		linya	linya	lima / eya	lɪnyá / iya	linya / eya						niminya / keleŋgaya
woman							kau			ka / naga	ka / ŋiya	kaó / eya	káú ma nìmìà	kumo
you sg., ye	ŋaga	aka	aga		aga			aga	aga	aga		aga	ága	aga	aga

References

• Schadeberg, Thilo C. 1994. Comparative Kadu wordlists. In, Dirk Otten (ed). AAP 40 (1994): 11-48. Institut für Afrikanistik, Universität zu Köln. ISSN 0178-725X.
• Stevenson, Roland; Roger Blench (ed). Comparative Kadu Datasheets.