Appendix:Proto-Ogoni reconstructions
The following list of Proto-Ogoni reconstructions is from Blench & Williamson (2008).
List
[edit]| No. | Gloss | P-Ogoni |
|---|---|---|
| 2. | hair (head) | *èʤía |
| 3. | eye | *adɛ́ɛ̃ |
| 4. | face | *ǹsĩ́ |
| 5. | ear | *ɔ̀tɔ́̃ |
| 6. | nose | *m̀ bĩɔ́̃ |
| 9. | tooth | *àdáNa |
| 10. | tongue | *àdídɛ́Nɛ́ |
| 11. | jaw | *àbɛ̀lɛ̀kɛ̀ |
| 12. | chin | *kɛbɛmbɛ |
| 15. | neck | *ɔ̀mɛɛ̃ ̃ |
| 16. | voice | *mɔ̃nɔ̃ |
| 18. | breast | *m̀ mã́ |
| 23. | arm | *ɔ̀bɔ́ |
| 30. | nail1, claw | *àbĩɔ̃ |
| 31. | buttocks | *ápátɛ́̃ |
| 38. | bone | *ákpogó |
| 42. | brains | *m̀ púní |
| 44. | intestine, guts | *m̀ fá |
| 47. | blood I | *m̀ miNi |
| 48. | blood II | *m̀ muNu |
| 51. | urine | *m̀ mã́nĩ́ |
| 52. | faeces | *òbí |
| 57. | food2 I | *ǹʤáNá |
| 62. | oil | *ǹnɔ̃ɔ̃ |
| 63. | salt | *ǹló |
| 64. | wine/beer | *m̀ mĩĩ́ |
| 66. | seed | èsṹṹ |
| 67. | grass | *-vílí |
| 69. | tree, handle | *èté |
| 73. | bark (of tree) | *èkpá |
| 75. | root | *ònĩ́ |
| 76. | thorn | *ètʃúu |
| 77. | fruit | *-bóló |
| 87. | beans | *kɛ́rɛ̀ |
| 89. | fluted pumpkin | *nʔéé |
| 98. | okra | *ɔ́kɔ̀rɔ̀ |
| 106. | kola nut | *ègbĩĩ́ |
| 110. | oil palm | *ǹʤóó |
| 113. | palm-frond | *-la |
| 116. | mangrove | *ŋ̀gálá |
| 118. | African pear | *m̀ bɛ̀Nɛ̀ |
| 121. | mushroom | ǹʤũ̀ |
| 124. | firewood | *ɔkãã́nĩ |
| 127. | water | m̀ mṹṹ |
| 128. | foam, froth | aféé |
| 131. | ashes | *ǹtɔ́̃ |
| 133. | cooking pot | *àbã́Nã́ |
| 148. | knife I | *ǹzĩmã́ |
| 149. | bush-knife, matchet | *ɔ̀gɛ̀̃ |
| 151. | hoe II | *m̀ kpàbe |
| 168. | cast net | *-gbɔ̃ɔ̀̃ |
| 170. | fish-hook | *-kɔ̀vɛ |
| 171. | fish-trap | *ǹkàrà |
| 175. | mat, hard | *èbúNú |
| 176. | basket | *òkùNù |
| 177. | bag | *ɛ̀bɛ̀rɛ̀ |
| 183. | bundle n. | *ɛ̀bɔ́bɔ́ |
| 184. | bunch | *ekumu |
| 190. | broom | *ǹsárí |
| 192. | rope, string, cord | *òʤĩĩ́ |
| 199. | money, tax | *èkpìgì |
| 202. | xylophone | *gérégér é |
| 203. | clapperless-bell, ‘gong’ | *-gírà |
| 206. | slit-gong, wood | *èkéré |
| 207. | door | *-bũ |
| 208. | doorway | *ònú ɔ́tɔ́ɔ |
| 215. | house | *ɔ̀tɔ́ɔ |
| 221. | well | *-bã̀nã̀ mṹṹ |
| 230. | forest | *ɔkɔlɛ |
| 234. | boat (canoe) | *òfàà |
| 237. | ground | kóró ǹkɛ̃ |
| 238. | sand, soil | *ǹsĩ́sãã |
| 241. | dust | *dúu |
| 242. | mud | *gbá |
| 254. | day | *àdée |
| 258. | evening | *lóó mm̀ ne |
| 261. | death | *aʔu |
| 264. | war, fight | *-bé |
| 267. | grace | *ovoNu |
| 271. | fear n. | pɔ̀Cɔ̀ |
| 275. | poverty I | *èkpóró |
| 276. | poverty II | *kpàrà |
| 288. | song | *sɔ́lɔ́ |
| 296. | egg | *òkĩ́ |
| 298. | feather | *àpã́ã |
| 300. | horn | *ǹtʃoò |
| 301. | tail | *òʤũ̀ |
| 304. | cow (zebu) | *nã́mã̀ |
| 310. | dog | *m̀ gbógó |
| 312. | chicken, fowl | *ɔ̀kɔ̃ɔ̀̃ |
| 313. | duck | *kɔ̃ɔ̀̃- bèkéè |
| 314. | leopard | *m̀ kpɛ́ɛ |
| 315. | elephant | *ǹnĩ |
| 317. | red river hog | *zi |
| 318. | civet cat | *kpóí |
| 323. | bushbuck | *òlóo |
| 324. | sitatunga | *tɔ̀gbɔ́ |
| 333. | tree hyrax | *kògòro |
| 342. | rat | -fĩĩ̀ |
| 346. | alligator | *àbá |
| 348. | viper | *abɔNɔ |
| 352. | agama lizard | *-gbèrè |
| 353. | monitor lizard | *-bĩ́ã́ |
| 354. | chameleon | *ã́nɔ̃ɔ́̃nĩ́ |
| 355. | crab I | *àkáNà |
| 358. | frog | *-kárá |
| 359. | snail | *àkpɛ́Nɛ́ |
| 360. | crayfish, lobster | *ɛ̀sɔrɔ̀ |
| 361. | mussel | *èkóró |
| 367. | fish (general) | *-bárí |
| 385. | housefly | *ǹtʃĩ |
| 387. | bee | *-yáágó |
| 388. | cockroach | *ǹkɔ̀ |
| 390. | jigger | *m̀ kpóró ko |
| 392. | yam beetle | *-kpãã̀ |
| 393. | mosquito | *m̀ fɛɛ̃ ́̃ |
| 395. | louse | *ètʃuu |
| 398. | cricket | *-pìnã |
| 408. | ant-hill | *-nãã̀ |
| 409. | bird | *-vínɔ́̃m |
| 417. | eagle | *àgò |
| 418. | vulture | *òdɛ̀l̃ ɛ̀̃ |
| 422. | person | *ɔ̀nɛñ ɛ̃ |
| 423. | name | *àbée |
| 424. | namesake | *ègó |
| 427. | husband | *ɔ̀dɔ́Nɔ́ |
| 428. | woman | *ò-nvaà |
| 432. | wife | *òva |
| 436. | father | *ɛ̀tɛ̀ |
| 437. | mother | *àkà |
| 438. | child, baby | *nvíní |
| 439. | sibling | *avígà |
| 440. | first son | *sãã́ |
| 441. | second son | *lá |
| 442. | first daughter | *òsíla |
| 443. | second daughter | *nṹã̀ |
| 445. | in-law, female | *kaŋwãã̀ |
| 446. | age-group | *ogbò |
| 449. | guest ('stranger') | *sã́ãnɛɛ̃ ̃ |
| 451. | chief, king | *ɛ̀mɛ́ñ ɛ́̃ |
| 455. | witch | *ɔtã́ã |
| 465. | corpse | *ʔíí |
| 466. | God | *ɔ̀bàrì |
| 479. | life | *ǹʤũ̀ũ̀ |
| 486. | load | *ètò |
| 488. | book, letter | *kpá |
| 492. | respect, glory, honour | *ɔ̀ka |
| 506. | five | *èvòò |
| 509. | eight | *ɛ̀rààtàà |
| 521. | twenty | *àtʃubu |
| 532. | black | *birá |
| 533. | white | *ʔɛɛ́ |
| 538. | big (great, large, important) | *ɛgbɛNɛ |
| 542. | old (opp. new) | ǹnã́mã́ |
| 543. | new | *ʔãã́ |
| 547. | cold | *ɔ̀tɔɔ |
| 548. | right (side) | *òlè |
| 551. | bad I | *ɛ̀pɔ̀rɔ́ |
| 575. | dirty v/n? | *òʤĩ |
| 576. | clean | *ʔɔnɔma |
| 588. | ask (question) | *bĩĩ́nã́ |
| 589. | ask (request) | *bàna |
| 591. | bathe o.s. | *bìlà |
| 592. | bear fruit | *mumu |
| 593. | beat (drum) | *kpá |
| 598. | begin | *darà |
| 601. | bite | *dɔ́mɔ́ |
| 606. | boast II | *kaagà |
| 613. | build (house) | *tóbó |
| 614. | burn (tr.) | *ʔɔví |
| 616. | bury | *lì |
| 617. | buy | *ʤalá |
| 621. | carry (head) | *toorá |
| 622. | carry (load) | *dãnã̀ |
| 624. | carve I | *tògì |
| 625. | carve II | *ʔɔ |
| 630. | choose | *sagi |
| 631. | circumcise | *kòò |
| 634. | climb | *ʤɛɛ̃ ̀̃ |
| 635. | close, shut | *kpubu |
| 636. | coil around s.t., twine, be interwoven | *pigà |
| 639. | come, arrive | *ʤù |
| 660. | cut with knife II | *fulu |
| 661. | cut in pieces | *kpɔ̀ |
| 664. | dance v. | *ʤèb |
| 667. | defecate | *nɛ̀̃ |
| 672. | die | *ʔú |
| 685. | dream v. | *àʤágár á |
| 688. | drive (vehicle) | *kɔbɔ |
| 691. | dry up (v.t.) | *kágárá |
| 693. | eat | *dè |
| 694. | eat (fish/meat) | *bà |
| 696. | economise | *sɛ̀ŋí |
| 702. | extinguish (tr.) | *ʤĩ̀mɛ̃ |
| 704. | fall (general), stumble | *dɔ̀ |
| 706. | fear v. | *bɔɔ̀ |
| 709. | fight v. | *bé |
| 711. | filter | kúNɛ́ |
| 712. | find | *gbĩ́ |
| 713. | finish (v.i.), get exhausted | *ta |
| 716. | fly v., jump | *pɛɛ |
| 720. | fry | *ʔɛŋɛ̃ |
| 722. | gather (things) | *labi |
| 726. | give | *nɛ̀Nɛ̀ |
| 727. | give birth, deliver | *mãnã̀ |
| 728. | go (2) (to return, as on message) | *sì |
| 729. | go (away) | *ʔàà |
| 734. | grind | *gbɛ̀̃ |
| 739. | hear | *dã̀ |
| 742. | hide v.t. | *gɔ̀̃ |
| 749. | itch I | *lá |
| 751. | jump | *pɛ́ɛ |
| 752. | jump about | *pɛ́gi |
| 754. | kill, butcher | *kele |
| 755. | kill fish | *fɛ̀ |
| 762. | laugh | *mã̀gã̀ |
| 769. | lick | *dà |
| 780. | look for | *gbĩ |
| 787. | marry (of man) | *ʔii |
| 808. | pick fruit | *kããnã̀ |
| 814. | plant | *fò |
| 825. | praise II | *leerà |
| 826. | pray | *tãã̀gã |
| 832. | pull out, up | *ʤùùrà |
| 833. | pull, drag | *-ʤũũ̀ |
| 852. | rotten, be | *bɛ̀m̃ ɛ̀̃ |
| 856. | run | *téérá |
| 870. | shed skin (snake) | *kɔɔrà |
| 893. | squeeze, press | *bígí |
| 897. | stay | *tɔNɔ̀ |
| 898. | steal | *ʤìbì |
| 910. | swallow | *mɛ̀ñ ɛ̀̃ |
| 913. | sweep | *kpárí |
| 931. | tie (rope), bind | bɔbí |
| 952. | wash (things) | *logbi |
| 953. | wave v. | *darà |
| 954. | weave, sew, plait, knit | *lò |
| 955. | weed v. | *duà |
| 958. | weep (cry), mew | *tó |
| 962. | work | *tɔ́̃Nɔ́̃ |
| 965. | write | *ʔɛmĩ́ |
| 971. | so | *vó |
References
[edit]- Blench, Roger and Kay Williamson. 2008. The Ogoni languages: comparative word list and historical reconstructions.