arceo

See also: Arceo

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *arkeō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂orké-ye-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erk-. Cognates include Old Armenian արգել (argel, “obstacle”) and Ancient Greek ἀρκέω (arkéō).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈar.ke.oː/, [ˈärkeoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈar.t͡ʃe.o/, [ˈärt͡ʃeo]

Verb

arceō (present infinitive arcēre, perfect active arcuī, supine arcitum); second conjugation

1. (transitive) to keep off, keep away, ward off, reject, repel
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.481–482:

     Quae dea sit? Quārē famulās ā līmine templī
     arceat (arcet enim) lībaque tosta petat?

     Which goddess is she? Why does she keep away handmaids from the threshold of her temple (indeed she keeps [them] away), and asks for toasted cakes?
     (See: Mater Matuta.)

   • early 16th century, Juan Luis Vives, De Disciplinis Libri XII De tradendis disciplinis liber III:

     Ante omnia arcendus puer ab authore, qui vitium poteſt fovere ac nutrire, quo is laboret : ut libidinoſus ab Ovidio, ſcurrilis a Martiale, maledicus & ſubſanator a Luciano, pronus ad impietatem a Lucretio, & pleriſque philoſophorum, Epicureis potiſſimum. Glorioſulo non multum conferet Cicero, niſi oſtendas […]

     Above all, a boy should be kept off from an author that may foster and nourish his vice, as he does his work: and so the lecherous should be kept away from Ovid, the wisecracker from Martial, the slanderous from Lucian, the prone to impiety from Lucretius and most philosophers, especially Epicureans. Cicero does not bring much to the braggart, unless you [go out of your way to] show him […]

2. (transitive) to prevent, hinder
3. (transitive) to confine, keep close
4. (transitive) to shut up, enclose
5. (transitive) to defend, protect (from)
6. (transitive) to keep away, take off, move away, alienate

Conjugation

Conjugation of arceō (second conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	arceō	arcēs	arcet	arcēmus	arcētis	arcent
	imperfect	arcēbam	arcēbās	arcēbat	arcēbāmus	arcēbātis	arcēbant
	future	arcēbō	arcēbis	arcēbit	arcēbimus	arcēbitis	arcēbunt
	perfect	arcuī	arcuistī	arcuit	arcuimus	arcuistis	arcuērunt, arcuēre
	pluperfect	arcueram	arcuerās	arcuerat	arcuerāmus	arcuerātis	arcuerant
	future perfect	arcuerō	arcueris	arcuerit	arcuerimus	arcueritis	arcuerint
passive	present	arceor	arcēris, arcēre	arcētur	arcēmur	arcēminī	arcentur
	imperfect	arcēbar	arcēbāris, arcēbāre	arcēbātur	arcēbāmur	arcēbāminī	arcēbantur
	future	arcēbor	arcēberis, arcēbere	arcēbitur	arcēbimur	arcēbiminī	arcēbuntur
	perfect	arcitus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	arcitus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	arcitus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	arceam	arceās	arceat	arceāmus	arceātis	arceant
	imperfect	arcērem	arcērēs	arcēret	arcērēmus	arcērētis	arcērent
	perfect	arcuerim	arcuerīs	arcuerit	arcuerīmus	arcuerītis	arcuerint
	pluperfect	arcuissem	arcuissēs	arcuisset	arcuissēmus	arcuissētis	arcuissent
passive	present	arcear	arceāris, arceāre	arceātur	arceāmur	arceāminī	arceantur
	imperfect	arcērer	arcērēris, arcērēre	arcērētur	arcērēmur	arcērēminī	arcērentur
	perfect	arcitus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	arcitus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	arcē	—	—	arcēte	—
	future	—	arcētō	arcētō	—	arcētōte	arcentō
passive	present	—	arcēre	—	—	arcēminī	—
	future	—	arcētor	arcētor	—	—	arcentor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		arcēre	arcuisse	arcitūrum esse	arcērī	arcitum esse	arcitum īrī
participles		arcēns	—	arcitūrus	—	arcitus	arcendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		arcendī	arcendō	arcendum	arcendō	arcitum	arcitū

Synonyms

• (ward off): dīvertō, dēviō, prōpulsō, āvertō, dēclīnō, dēflectō, flectō, āspernor, dēmoveō
• (prevent): retineō, dētineō, prohibeō, impediō, sistō, resistō, exclūdō, supprimō, moror, refrēnō, cohibeō, cū̆nctor, obstō, saepiō, comprimō, intersaepiō, interclūdō, perimō, obstruō, obstō, officiō, reprimō, premō
• (shut up): inclūdō, claudō, obserō
• (confine): inclūdō, claudō, coerceō, minuō, urgeō
• (defend): salvō, tūtor, vindicō, cū̆stōdiō, sospitō, teneō, adimō, prōtegō, tegō, dēfendō, sustineō, adsum, mūniō, ēripiō, tueor, servō
• (take off): āvertō, sēgregō, auferō, ēripiō, dīripiō, tollō

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “prevent”): līberō, eximō, absolvō, vindicō, exonerō, servō, excipiō, ēmittō
• (antonym(s) of “defend”): īnstō, aggredior, incurrō, impetō, invehō, immineō, obiectō
• (antonym(s) of “shut up”): adaperiō, aperiō

Derived terms

• abarceō / aberceō
• coërceō
• exerceō
• Lupercus
• porceō

 

Related terms

• arca
• arcānus
• arx

 

References

• arceo in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2024), Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
• “arceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “arceo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• arceo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.