bonus
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin bonus (“good”). Doublet of bona.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈbəʊ.nəs/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - (General American) IPA(key): /ˈboʊ.nəs/
Audio (US): (file) - Rhymes: -əʊnəs
Noun
[edit]bonus (plural bonuses or bonusses or (nonstandard) boni)
- Something extra that is good; an added benefit.
- An extra sum given as a premium, e.g. to an employee or to a shareholder.
- 2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 70:
- Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. […] Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster. Clever financial ploys are what have made billionaires of the industry’s veterans. “Operational improvement” in a portfolio company has often meant little more than promising colossal bonuses to sitting chief executives if they meet ambitious growth targets. That model is still prevalent today.
- The employee of the week receives a bonus for his excellent work.
- (video games) An addition to the player's score based on performance, e.g. for time remaining.
- 1988, David Powell, Rygar (video game review) in Your Sinclair issue 25
- Spend the time killing things and there's a bonus for each hit - but only for fatalities notched up since the start of your current life.
- 1988, David Powell, Rygar (video game review) in Your Sinclair issue 25
- (basketball) One or more free throws awarded to a team when the opposing team has accumulated enough fouls.
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Danish: bonus
- → French: bonus
- → German: Bonus
- → Portuguese: bónus, bônus (Brazil)
- → Japanese: ボーナス (bōnasu)
- → Turkish: bonus
Translations
[edit]
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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Verb
[edit]bonus (third-person singular simple present bonuses or bonusses, present participle bonusing or bonussing, simple past and past participle bonused or bonussed)
- (transitive) To pay a bonus, premium
- 1949, Land Values Research Group, Reclamation of an Industrial Suburb:
- In its adherence to a system of rating which bonusses the most anti-social owners and penalises those doing something to improve the district, the municipality must accept a large measure of responsibility.
- 1964, Translations on USSR Labor, United States Joint Publications Research Service, page 22:
- The main bulk of the piece-workers (71%) are bonussed for fulfillment of the production quotas by the section, shop or plant on condition they fulfill the norms.
- 1991, Bruce S. Elliott, The City Beyond: A History of Nepean, Birthplace of Canada’s Capital, 1792-1990, Corporation of the City of Nepean, →ISBN, page 130:
- Extracting grants called bonusses from municipal councils had become a fine art in the hands of railway promoters, and by the 1870s councils were aware that huge municipal debts could be mounted up by bonussing railway lines that as often as not never materialized.
Translations
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Czech
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bonus m inan
Declension
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “bonus”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
- “bonus”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
Danish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Via English bonus from Latin bonus (“good”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bonus c (singular definite bonussen, plural indefinite bonusser)
- bonus (an extra sum given as a premium, e.g. to an employee or to a shareholder)
- bonus (an unexpected benefit)
- bonus (an extraordinary reduction of a price)
Declension
[edit]common gender |
Singular | Plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | bonus | bonussen | bonusser | bonusserne |
genitive | bonus' | bonussens | bonussers | bonussernes |
Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin bonus (“good”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bonus m (plural bonussen or boni, diminutive bonusje n)
- a bonus, an extra or premium
- (by extension) Any one-off gain
- good marks in a rating scale, notably to calculate an insurance premium dependent on the number of accidents
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Finnish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from English bonus or Latin bonus.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bonus
Declension
[edit]Inflection of bonus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | bonus | bonukset | |
genitive | bonuksen | bonusten bonuksien | |
partitive | bonusta | bonuksia | |
illative | bonukseen | bonuksiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | bonus | bonukset | |
accusative | nom. | bonus | bonukset |
gen. | bonuksen | ||
genitive | bonuksen | bonusten bonuksien | |
partitive | bonusta | bonuksia | |
inessive | bonuksessa | bonuksissa | |
elative | bonuksesta | bonuksista | |
illative | bonukseen | bonuksiin | |
adessive | bonuksella | bonuksilla | |
ablative | bonukselta | bonuksilta | |
allative | bonukselle | bonuksille | |
essive | bonuksena | bonuksina | |
translative | bonukseksi | bonuksiksi | |
abessive | bonuksetta | bonuksitta | |
instructive | — | bonuksin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Synonyms
[edit]- (something extra): ekstra, lisäetu, plussa
- (employee bonus): kannustuspalkkio, tulospalkkio
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “bonus”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]English bonus, from Latin bonus. Compare bon (“good”), a doublet inherited from the same Latin word.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bonus m (uncountable)
Antonyms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “bonus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Indonesian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Dutch bonus, from Latin bonus (“good”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bonus (first-person possessive bonusku, second-person possessive bonusmu, third-person possessive bonusnya)
- bonus:
- something extra that is good; an added benefit.
- an extra sum given as a premium, e.g. to an employee or to a shareholder.
- Synonyms: gratifikasi, insentif
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “bonus” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Italian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unadapted borrowing from Latin bonus, either through English or influenced by English. Compare the inherited doublet buono (“good”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bonus m (invariable)
- a bonus (all senses)
Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Latin duenos, later duonus, from Proto-Italic *dwenos, further etymology uncertain. Possibly cognate with beō (“to bless, gladden”).[1] Possible roots include:
- Proto-Indo-European *dewh₂- (“to join, fit together”); compare Gothic 𐍄𐌰𐌿𐌾𐌰𐌽 (taujan, “to do, make”) and Ancient Greek δύναμαι (dúnamai, “to be able”).[1]
- Proto-Indo-European *deh₃-u, from *deh₃- (“to give”).[1]
- Proto-Indo-European *dew- (“to show favor, revere”)
- Proto-Indo-European *dwey- (“to fear”), source of Ancient Greek δέος (déos), δεινός (deinós), δειλός (deilós).
Compare the change from duellum to bellum (“war”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈbo.nus/, [ˈbɔnʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈbo.nus/, [ˈbɔːnus]
Adjective
[edit]bonus (feminine bona, neuter bonum, comparative melior, superlative optimus or optumus, adverb bene); first/second-declension adjective
Declension
[edit]First/second-declension adjective.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
nominative | bonus | bona | bonum | bonī | bonae | bona | |
genitive | bonī | bonae | bonī | bonōrum | bonārum | bonōrum | |
dative | bonō | bonae | bonō | bonīs | |||
accusative | bonum | bonam | bonum | bonōs | bonās | bona | |
ablative | bonō | bonā | bonō | bonīs | |||
vocative | bone | bona | bonum | bonī | bonae | bona |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Balkan Romance:
- Dalmatian:
- Italo-Romance:
- Padanian:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: bonu
- Borrowings:
Noun
[edit]bonus m (genitive bonī); second declension
Declension
[edit]Second-declension noun.
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | bonus | bonī |
genitive | bonī | bonōrum |
dative | bonō | bonīs |
accusative | bonum | bonōs |
ablative | bonō | bonīs |
vocative | bone | bonī |
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “bonus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 70, 73-74
Further reading
[edit]- “bonus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “bonus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- bonus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- bonus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to be robust, vigorous: bonis esse viribus
- who gets the advantage from this? who is the interested party: cui bono?
- moral science; ethics: philosophia, in qua de bonis rebus et malis, deque hominum vita et moribus disputatur
- to have good lungs: bonis lateribus esse
- to be brave, courageous: bono animo esse
- (ambiguous) to possess means, to be well off: rem or opes habere, bona possidere, in bonis esse
- to be very rich: opibus, divitiis, bonis, facultatibus abundare
- to drive a person out of house and home: evertere aliquem bonis, fortunis patriis
- disinherited: exheres paternorum bonorum (De Or. 1. 38. 175)
- the aristocracy (as a party in politics): boni cives, optimi, optimates, also simply boni (opp. improbi); illi, qui optimatium causam agunt
- justly and equitably: ex aequo et bono (Caecin. 23. 65)
- (ambiguous) to meet with good weather: tempestatem idoneam, bonam nancisci
- (ambiguous) to enjoy good health: bona (firma, prospera) valetudine esse or uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...)
- (ambiguous) to reward amply; to give manifold recompense for: bonam (praeclaram) gratiam referre
- (ambiguous) to have a good or bad reputation, be spoken well, ill of: bona, mala existimatio est de aliquo
- (ambiguous) to be gifted, talented (not praeditum esse by itself): bona indole (always in sing.) praeditum esse
- (ambiguous) he is a young man of great promise: adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit or alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt
- (ambiguous) to take a thing in good (bad) part: in bonam (malam) partem accipere aliquid
- (ambiguous) to be brave, courageous: bonum animum habere
- (ambiguous) to consider virtue the highest good: summum bonum in virtute ponere
- (ambiguous) natural advantages: naturae bona
- (ambiguous) to recover one's reason, be reasonable again: ad bonam frugem se recipere
- (ambiguous) may heaven's blessing rest on it: quod bonum, faustum, felix, fortunatumque sit! (Div. 1. 45. 102)
- (ambiguous) to bless (curse) a person: precari alicui bene (male) or omnia bona (mala), salutem
- (ambiguous) to possess means, to be well off: rem or opes habere, bona possidere, in bonis esse
- (ambiguous) to squander all one's property: lacerare bona sua (Verr. 3. 70. 164)
- (ambiguous) to confiscate a person's property: bona alicuius publicare (B. G. 5. 54)
- (ambiguous) to restore to a person his confiscated property: bona alicui restituere
- (ambiguous) allow me to say: bona (cum) venia tua dixerim
- to be robust, vigorous: bonis esse viribus
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from English bonus or Latin bonus.
Noun
[edit]bonus m (definite singular bonusen, indefinite plural bonuser, definite plural bonusene)
- a bonus
References
[edit]- “bonus” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from English bonus or Latin bonus.
Noun
[edit]bonus m (definite singular bonusen, indefinite plural bonusar, definite plural bonusane)
- a bonus
References
[edit]- “bonus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from English bonus, itself from Latin bonus. Doublet of bun (inherited from Latin), bon, and bonă (both borrowed from French).
Noun
[edit]bonus n (plural bonusuri)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
nominative/accusative | (un) bonus | bonusul | (niște) bonusuri | bonusurile |
genitive/dative | (unui) bonus | bonusului | (unor) bonusuri | bonusurilor |
vocative | bonusule | bonusurilor |
Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from English bonus, from Latin bonus. Compare the doublet bueno (“good”), inherited from the same Latin word.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]bonus m (plural bonus)
Further reading
[edit]- “bonus”, in Diccionario de la lengua española (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy, 2023 November 28
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English doublets
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/əʊnəs
- Rhymes:English/əʊnəs/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with usage examples
- en:Video games
- en:Basketball
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- Czech terms borrowed from Latin
- Czech terms derived from Latin
- Czech terms with IPA pronunciation
- Czech lemmas
- Czech nouns
- Czech masculine nouns
- Czech inanimate nouns
- Czech masculine inanimate nouns
- Czech hard masculine inanimate nouns
- Danish terms derived from English
- Danish terms derived from Latin
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- Dutch terms borrowed from Latin
- Dutch terms derived from Latin
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch nouns with Latin plurals
- Dutch masculine nouns
- Finnish terms borrowed from English
- Finnish terms derived from English
- Finnish terms borrowed from Latin
- Finnish terms derived from Latin
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/onus
- Rhymes:Finnish/onus/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish vastaus-type nominals
- French terms borrowed from English
- French terms derived from English
- French terms derived from Latin
- French doublets
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French uncountable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Latin
- Indonesian 2-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Italian terms borrowed from Latin
- Italian unadapted borrowings from Latin
- Italian terms derived from Latin
- Italian doublets
- Italian 2-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/ɔnus
- Rhymes:Italian/ɔnus/2 syllables
- Italian lemmas
- Italian nouns
- Italian indeclinable nouns
- Italian countable nouns
- Italian masculine nouns
- Latin terms derived from Old Latin
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin adjectives
- Latin first and second declension adjectives
- Latin nouns
- Latin second declension nouns
- Latin masculine nouns in the second declension
- Latin masculine nouns
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- Latin suppletive adjectives
- la:Ethics
- Norwegian Bokmål terms borrowed from English
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from English
- Norwegian Bokmål terms borrowed from Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms borrowed from English
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from English
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms borrowed from Latin
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- Romanian terms borrowed from English
- Romanian terms derived from English
- Romanian terms derived from Latin
- Romanian doublets
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian countable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Spanish terms borrowed from English
- Spanish terms derived from English
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish doublets
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/onus
- Rhymes:Spanish/onus/2 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish masculine nouns