改
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]改 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸山人大 (SUOK), four-corner 18740, composition ⿰己攵)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 468, character 11
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13114
- Dae Jaweon: page 816, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1450, character 1
- Unihan data for U+6539
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 改 | |
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Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/%E6%94%B9-clerical-han-variant.svg/128px-%E6%94%B9-clerical-han-variant.svg.png)
In the oracle bone script, a phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *klɯːʔ) : phonetic 巳 (OC *ljɯʔ, *lɯs) + semantic 攴.
Since the small seal script, the phonetic component has been changed to 己 (OC *kɯʔ).
Etymology 1
[edit]simp. and trad. |
改 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 攺 |
Related to 革 (OC *krɯːɡ, “to change”), 更 (OC *kraːŋ, “to change”) (Wang, 1982).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gai3
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): gai3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): gai3
- Northern Min (KCR): gǎi
- Eastern Min (BUC): guōi / gāi
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5ke
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄞˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gǎi
- Wade–Giles: kai3
- Yale: gǎi
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gae
- Palladius: гай (gaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: gai3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gaai
- Sinological IPA (key): /kai⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: goi2
- Yale: gói
- Cantonese Pinyin: goi2
- Guangdong Romanization: goi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɔːi̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: goi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kᵘɔi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: gai3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kai²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kói
- Hakka Romanization System: goiˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: goi3
- Sinological IPA: /koi̯³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: gai3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kai⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gǎi
- Sinological IPA (key): /kai²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: guōi / gāi
- Sinological IPA (key): /kui³³/, /kai³³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- guōi - vernacular;
- gāi - literary.
- Southern Min
Note:
- Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Zhangzhou:
- kái - literary ("to change");
- kóe/ké - vernacular ("to correct", "to abstain").
- Middle Chinese: kojX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qˤəʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*klɯːʔ/
Definitions
[edit]改
- to change; to transform; to alter; to modify
- to correct; to improve
- to mark; to correct; to grade (homework, an assignment, a test, etc.)
- (Hokkien) to give up; to quit; to abstain from (a bad habit)
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 戒 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 戒 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 戒 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 戒 |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 戒 |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 戒 |
Hong Kong | 戒 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 戒 |
Hakka | Meixian | 戒 |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 戒 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 戒 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 戒 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 戒 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 戒 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 改 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 戒 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 改 |
Quanzhou | 改 | |
Zhangzhou | 改 | |
Tainan | 改 |
Compounds
[edit]- 不改
- 個性難改/个性难改
- 修改 (xiūgǎi)
- 刪改/删改 (shāngǎi)
- 勞改/劳改 (láogǎi)
- 勞改場/劳改场
- 勞改營/劳改营 (láogǎiyíng)
- 和平改革
- 品種改良/品种改良
- 土地改革 (tǔdì gǎigé)
- 土改 (tǔgǎi)
- 塗改/涂改 (túgǎi)
- 宗教改革 (Zōngjiào Gǎigé)
- 屢教不改/屡教不改 (lǚjiàobùgǎi)
- 年深歲改/年深岁改
- 怙惡不改/怙恶不改
- 悔改 (huǐgǎi)
- 悛改
- 批改 (pīgǎi)
- 撥改貸/拨改贷
- 擅改
- 改俗遷風/改俗迁风
- 改元 (gǎiyuán)
- 改判 (gǎipàn)
- 改制 (gǎizhì)
- 改削
- 改則/改则 (Gǎizé)
- 改動/改动 (gǎidòng)
- 改口 (gǎikǒu)
- 改名 (gǎimíng)
- 改名換姓/改名换姓 (gǎimínghuànxìng)
- 改名易姓 (gǎimíng yìxìng)
- 改善 (gǎishàn)
- 改嘴
- 改圖/改图 (gǎitú)
- 改土歸流/改土归流 (gǎitǔguīliú)
- 改天 (gǎitiān)
- 改天換地/改天换地
- 改妝/改妆
- 改姓更名 (gǎixìng gēngmíng)
- 改嫁 (gǎijià)
- 改定 (gǎidìng)
- 改容
- 改容加飾/改容加饰
- 改寫/改写 (gǎixiě)
- 改常
- 改建 (gǎijiàn)
- 改弦易張/改弦易张
- 改弦易調/改弦易调
- 改弦易轍/改弦易辙 (gǎixiányìzhé)
- 改弦更張/改弦更张 (gǎixiángēngzhāng)
- 改張易調/改张易调
- 改悔 (gǎihuǐ)
- 改惡向善/改恶向善
- 改惡從善/改恶从善 (gǎi'ècóngshàn)
- 改惡行善/改恶行善
- 改扮 (gǎibàn)
- 改抹
- 改授
- 改掉 (gǎidiào)
- 改換/改换 (gǎihuàn)
- 改換家門/改换家门
- 改換門庭/改换门庭
- 改換門閭/改换门闾
- 改操
- 改新
- 改日 (gǎirì)
- 改易 (gǎiyì)
- 改服
- 改期 (gǎiqī)
- 改朝換代/改朝换代 (gǎicháohuàndài)
- 改業/改业
- 改次
- 改正 (gǎizhèng)
- 改步改玉
- 改歲/改岁
- 改版 (gǎibǎn)
- 改玉改行
- 改用 (gǎiyòng)
- 改稱/改称 (gǎichēng)
- 改稿
- 改竄/改窜 (gǎicuàn)
- 改節/改节
- 改組/改组 (gǎizǔ)
- 改編/改编 (gǎibiān)
- 改編劇本/改编剧本
- 改腔兒/改腔儿
- 改良 (gǎiliáng)
- 改葬 (gǎizàng)
- 改行
- 改行遷善/改行迁善
- 改裝/改装 (gǎizhuāng)
- 改觀/改观 (gǎiguān)
- 改訂/改订 (gǎidìng)
- 改變/改变 (gǎibiàn)
- 改貌
- 改轅易轍/改辕易辙
- 改轍/改辙
- 改造 (gǎizào)
- 改進/改进 (gǎijìn)
- 改運/改运 (gǎiyùn)
- 改過/改过 (gǎiguò)
- 改道 (gǎidào)
- 改過不吝/改过不吝
- 改過向善/改过向善
- 改過從善/改过从善
- 改過從新/改过从新
- 改過自新/改过自新 (gǎiguòzìxīn)
- 改過遷善/改过迁善
- 改適/改适
- 改選/改选 (gǎixuǎn)
- 改邪歸正/改邪归正 (gǎixiéguīzhèng)
- 改醮
- 改錯/改错 (gǎicuò)
- 改錯題/改错题
- 改面革心
- 改革 (gǎigé)
- 改頭換面/改头换面
- 改顏/改颜
- 改點/改点
- 時移事改/时移事改
- 更名改姓 (gēngmíng gǎixìng)
- 更改 (gēnggǎi)
- 朝令夕改 (zhāolìngxīgǎi)
- 朝令暮改
- 朝出夕改
- 朝更夕改 (zhāogēngxīgǎi)
- 朝更暮改 (zhāogēngmùgǎi)
- 朝聞夕改/朝闻夕改
- 朝行夕改
- 朝過夕改/朝过夕改
- 未改
- 校改 (jiàogǎi)
- 民主改革 (mínzhǔ gǎigé)
- 漢字改革/汉字改革
- 痛改前非 (tònggǎiqiánfēi)
- 知過必改/知过必改
- 知錯能改/知错能改 (zhīcuònénggǎi)
- 社會改革/社会改革 (shèhuì gǎigé)
- 積習難改/积习难改 (jīxínángǎi)
- 竄改/窜改 (cuàngǎi)
- 篡改 (cuàngǎi)
- 經濟改革/经济改革
- 翻然改圖/翻然改图
- 變風改俗/变风改俗
- 農地改革/农地改革
- 農業改革/农业改革
- 過勿憚改/过勿惮改
- 過而能改/过而能改
- 遷善改過/迁善改过
- 醫林改錯/医林改错
- 釐改
- 面不改容 (miànbùgǎiróng)
- 面不改色 (miànbùgǎisè)
- 風移俗改/风移俗改
- 風雨不改/风雨不改
- 體改/体改
Etymology 2
[edit]simp. and trad. |
改 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 介 屆/届 |
Probably from Japanese 回 (kai).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kái
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kái
- Tâi-lô: kái
- Phofsit Daibuun: kae
- IPA (Taipei): /kai⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kai⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
Definitions
[edit]改
- (Taiwanese Hokkien) Classifier for times, as in frequency.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]改
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)
- Kun: あらためる (aratameru, 改める, Jōyō); あらたまる (aratamaru, 改まる, Jōyō)
- Nanori: あら (ara)
Compounds
[edit]- 改悪 (kaiaku)
- 改案 (kaian)
- 改印 (kaīn)
- 改易 (kaieki)
- 改悔 (kaige)
- 改革 (kaikaku)
- 改行 (kaigyō)
- 改憲 (kaiken)
- 改元 (kaigen)
- 改稿 (kaikō)
- 改悟 (kaigo)
- 改号 (kaigō)
- 改刪 (kaisan)
- 改作 (kaisaku)
- 改札 (kaisatsu)
- 改竄 (kaizan)
- 改宗 (kaishū)
- 改修 (kaishū)
- 改春 (kaishun)
- 改悛 (kaishun)
- 改称 (kaishō)
- 改新 (kaishin)
- 改心 (kaishin)
- 改進 (kaishin)
- 改正 (kaisei)
- 改姓 (kaisei)
- 改製 (kaisei)
- 改選 (kaisen)
- 改善 (kaizen)
- 改組 (kaiso)
- 改装 (kaisō)
- 改葬 (kaisō)
- 改造 (kaizō)
- 改題 (kaidai)
- 改築 (kaichiku)
- 改鋳 (kaichū)
- 改定 (kaitei)
- 改訂 (kaitei)
- 改廃 (kaihai)
- 改変 (kaihen)
- 改編 (kaihen)
- 改名 (kaimei)
- 改訳 (kaiyaku)
- 改暦 (kaireki)
- 改良 (kairyō)
- 変改 (henkai)
Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
改 |
かい Grade: 4 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 改 (MC kojX).
Pronunciation
[edit]Affix
[edit]Suffix
[edit]- revision
- revised, modified
- チヌ改
- chi-nu-kai
- Chi-Nu Kai
- 装輪装甲車(改)
- sōrin-sōkō-sha (kai)
- Wheeled Armoured Vehicle (Improved)
- チヌ改
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]改: Hán Nôm readings: cải, cãi, gởi, gửi
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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