酉
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]酉 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 一金田一 (MCWM), four-corner 10600, composition ⿴西一)
- Kangxi radical #164, ⾣.
Derived characters
[edit]- Appendix:Chinese radical/酉
- 𫢞, 唒, 𡜳, 𢭳, 𬌲, 逎, 𣁹, 梄, 𥙫, 𥆺, 𥟁, 綇(𦈋), 𧣮, 𨁪, 輏, 𩳜, 鯂
- 𫹉, 𡷾, 莤, 蒏, 𥭛, 𩭓, 𠩚, 庮, 㾞, 槱, 歠, 𠥤
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1280, character 2
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39763
- Dae Jaweon: page 1778, character 36
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3572, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9149
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 酉 | |
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simp. # | 酉 | |
alternative forms | 丣 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 酉 | |||||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||||
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) — an ancient vase used in making and storing fermented millet alcoholic drink. See 酒.
Etymology
[edit]- "wine; wine vessel"
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *jəw (“liquor”) (STEDT); cognate with 酒 (OC *ʔsluʔ, “wine”).
- "tenth earthly branch"
- Smith (2011) suggests that this branch denoted the "waxing half-moon", "construed as a vessel filling with liquid". Noting Schuessler (2007)'s observation that 酉 (yǒu)'s OC pronunciation started with *r-, Smith reconstructs *r-juʔ which would later lost its archaic pre-initial *r-, the same phonological split seen in pairs like 游 (OC) ~ 遊 (OC *ju, “to flow, to roam”) > yóu vs. 流 (OC *r-ju, “flow”) > liú. Smith further supposes that *r-juʔ, is an endoactive derivative of *r-ju "flow" by the suffix *-ʔ, meaning "the flowing stage".
- As for 酉 (yǒu)'s association with the chicken, Norman (1985) proposes that Chinese and Thai forms derived from Viet-Muong *rə̆k ~ *ruk, truncated from Proto-Vietic *r-kaː (“chicken”), yet Ferlus (2013) thinks this correspondence unlikely. Possibly, 酉 (yǒu) was arbitrarily associated with the chicken, just like 辰 (chén) with the dragon.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): jau5
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yû
- Eastern Min (BUC): iù
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6yeu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yǒu
- Wade–Giles: yu3
- Yale: yǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeou
- Palladius: ю (ju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /joʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jau5
- Yale: yáuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: jau5
- Guangdong Romanization: yeo5
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɐu̯¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû
- Hakka Romanization System: iuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yiu1
- Sinological IPA: /i̯u²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yû
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yiu1
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯u²⁴/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: iù
- Sinological IPA (key): /ieu⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: yuwX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-ruʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*luʔ/
Definitions
[edit]酉
- an alcoholic drink vessel
- tenth of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
- rooster (鷄) of Chinese zodiac
- the period from 17:00 to 19:00
- (mathematics) unitary
Coordinate terms
[edit]- (Chinese earthly branches) 地支 (dìzhī); 子, 丑 (chǒu), 寅 (yín), 卯 (mǎo), 辰 (chén), 巳 (sì), 午 (wǔ), 未 (wèi), 申 (shēn), 酉 (yǒu), 戌, 亥 (hài) (Category: zh:Chinese earthly branches)
Usage notes
[edit]Although it remains associated with alcoholic drink, the character alone is mostly used as the tenth earthly branch in the Chinese cyclical calendar.
Compounds
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]酉
- "sake" radical (さけづぐり)
- "bird of the zodiac" radical (ひよみのとり, とりへん)
- rooster (tenth sign of the Chinese zodiac)
Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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酉 |
とり Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
From 鶏 (niwatori, tori, “chicken”), from 庭 (niwa, “garden”) + 鳥 (tori, “bird”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- the Rooster, the tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
酉 |
ゆう Jinmeiyō |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 酉 (MC yuwX).
Proper noun
[edit]- the Rooster, the tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]酉 (eumhun 닭/열째 지지 유 (dak/yeoljjae jiji yu))
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]酉: Hán Nôm readings: dấu, dậu, giấu, giậu
- chữ Hán form of Dậu (“tenth of the twelve earthly branches”).
Compounds
[edit]Categories:
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Kangxi Radicals block
- Han character radicals
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han pictograms
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms borrowed from English
- Chinese terms derived from English
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Hakka adjectives
- Eastern Min adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Teochew adjectives
- Wu adjectives
- Middle Chinese adjectives
- Old Chinese adjectives
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 酉
- zh:Mathematics
- zh:Chinese earthly branches
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese jinmeiyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ゆ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ゆう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading いう
- Japanese kanji with kun reading とり
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading なが
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading みのる
- Japanese terms spelled with 酉 read as とり
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese proper nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with jinmeiyō kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 酉
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 酉 read as ゆう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- ja:Chinese earthly branches
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán
- CJKV radicals