既

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See also: 旣
既 U+65E2, 既
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65E2
← 旡
[U+65E1] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 旣 →
[U+65E3]

既 U+FA42, 既
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA42
← 敏
[U+FA41] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 暑 →
[U+FA43]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 既
Simplified 既
Japanese 既
Korean 旣

Han character[edit]

既 (Kangxi radical 71, 无+5, 9 strokes in Chinese, 10 strokes in Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 日戈一女山 (AIMVU), four-corner 71714, composition ⿰⿲𠄌𫜹丶旡)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 485, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13721
  • Dae Jaweon: page 848, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1148, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+65E2

Chinese[edit]

trad. 既/旣
simp. 既
2nd round simp. 旡

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 既
Shang Western Zhou Warring States
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script
Characters in the same phonetic series (旡) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
溉 *kɯːds, *kɯds
槩 *kɯːds
概 *kɯːds
摡 *kɯːds, *qʰɯds
慨 *kʰɯːds
嘅 *kʰɯːds
穊 *krɯds
暨 *ɡrɯds, *kɯds, *krɯd
鱀 *ɡrɯds, *ɡɯs
塈 *ɡrɯds, *qʰɯds
既 *kɯds
旡 *kɯds
蔇 *kɯds
炁 *kʰɯds
櫭 *ɡrad
曁 *kɯd

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 皀 (“bowl of rice”) + 旡 (“kneeling figure”) – person kneeling at bowl of rice – sitting down to eat (rice already finished cooking), turning away (already finished eating) or abstaining from eating or consuming.

Note the stroke order in the right component 旡, which may not be clear in the compressed form of this character: the left vertical and second horizontal are one stroke with a corner, while the upper right vertical continues in a diagonal stroke to lower left.

Etymology[edit]

Maybe Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Exopassive (perfective) of 訖／讫 (qì, “to finish”); possibly cognate to 暨 (jì, “to reach”), yet see there.

Löffler (1966) compares this to Mru ki (“complete”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 既
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 微 (20)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居豙切
Baxter kj+jH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɨiH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɨiH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiəiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kɨjH/
Li
Rong 		/kiəiH/
Wang
Li 		/kĭəiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ke̯iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gei3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 既
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjɨjH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ə[t]-s/
English complete (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 既
Reading # 1/1
No. 5821
Phonetic
component 		旡
Rime
group 		隊
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		旣
Old
Chinese 		/*kɯds/

Definitions[edit]

既

  1. already
    既往不咎  ―  jìwǎngbùjiù  ―  to let bygones be bygones
  2. (obsolete) to have a total solar eclipse or lunar eclipse
  3. (literary) to be finished; to end
  4. (obsolete) all
  5. since; as; now that
  6. both . . . (and...); as well as
    既聰明又漂亮／既聪明又漂亮  ―  jì cōngmíng yòu piàoliàng  ―  smart and pretty

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 已經 (“already”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 已, 業, 業已, 既
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 已經, 已, 業經, 業已, 已然
Mandarin Beijing 已經, 已竟, 已就
Taiwan 已經
Jinan 已經
Xi'an 已經
Wuhan 已經
Chengdu 已經
Guilin 已經
Yangzhou 已經
Hefei 已經
Singapore 已經
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 可價
Cantonese Guangzhou 已經, 經已
Hong Kong 已經, 經已
Taishan 經已
Yangjiang 應
Singapore (Guangfu) 已經
Gan Nanchang 已經
Hakka Meixian 既經
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 既經
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 既經, 已經
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 既經
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 既經
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 既經
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 已經
Huizhou Jixi 已經
Jin Taiyuan 已經
Northern Min Jian'ou 已經
Eastern Min Fuzhou 已經
Matsu 已經
Southern Min Xiamen 已經
Quanzhou 已經
Zhangzhou 已經
Taipei 已經
Kaohsiung 已經
Singapore (Hokkien) 已經
Manila (Hokkien) 已經
Chaozhou 已經
Shantou 已經
Jieyang 已經
Pontianak (Teochew) 已經
Wu Shanghai 已經
Suzhou 已經
Wenzhou 已經
Xiang Changsha 現是, 已經
Shuangfeng 已經, 既已經

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai 既
Kyūjitai
[1]
既
&#xFA42;
or
既+&#xFE00;?
既󠄀
既+&#xE0100;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
既󠄄
既+&#xE0104;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

既

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 既)

  1. previously
  2. already
  3. long ago

Readings[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ “既”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015–2024

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

既 • (gi) (hangeul 기, revised gi, McCune–Reischauer ki, Yale ki)

  1. Alternative form of 旣

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

既: Hán Nôm readings: dĩ, kí, ký

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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