嘆

See also: 叹 and 歎

嘆 U+FA37, 嘆 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA37 ← 喝 [U+FA36] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 器 → [U+FA38]

嘆 U+2F84C, 嘆 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F84C ← 圖 [U+2F84B] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 圗 → [U+2F84D]

Translingual

Japanese	嘆
Simplified	叹
Traditional	嘆

Alternative forms

• In Traditional Chinese, Japanese kyūjitai, Korean hanja and Vietnamese Hán Nôm, the component for this character is written with 廿 on top. Note that the bottom portion is written 口 overlapped by 夫 and not 中 on top of 天.
• In Japanese shinjitai, the component is written with 艹 on top and has one stroke less. Due to Han unification, both traditional Chinese and Japanese shinjitai forms are encoded under the same code point. The appearance of this character will differ depending on the font used.
• In Simplified Chinese, the component is simplified to 又 instead, giving the character 叹 (U+53F9).
• Two compatibility ideographs exist for this character. U+FA37 corresponds to the kyūjitai form of this character while U+2F84C is an alternative form used in Taiwan and North Korea which is similar to Japanese shinjitai but the top right component is written 艹 (4 strokes) instead of 艹 (3 strokes).

Han character

嘆 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+11 in Chinese, 口+10 in Japanese, 14 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 口廿中人 (RTLO) or 口廿日人 (RTAO), four-corner 6403₄, composition ⿰口⿱廿⿻口夫(GHTKV or U+FA37) or ⿰口𦰩(J or U+2F84C))

Derived characters

• 𫛗

Related characters

• 叹 (Simplified Chinese)
• 歎 (Orthodox form in Hong Kong; Variant traditional form of 嘆 in Mainland China)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 205, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4138
• Dae Jaweon: page 427, character 21
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 673, character 8
• Unihan data for U+5606

• Unihan data for U+FA37

• Unihan data for U+2F84C

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Chinese

trad.		嘆/歎
simp.		叹*
alternative forms		𡂥

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (暵) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
儺	*naːl
臡	*naːl, *neːl, *njeːl
嘆	*n̥ʰaːn, *n̥ʰaːns
灘	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
擹	*n̥ʰaːn
攤	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns
癱	*n̥ʰaːn
歎	*n̥ʰaːns
難	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːns
暵	*hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
熯	*hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns, *njanʔ
漢	*hnaːns
戁	*rnaːnʔ, *njanʔ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tàn (tan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): taan³ / taan¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): thàn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): tam³ / tang³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tàn
    • Wade–Giles: tʻan⁴
    • Yale: tàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tann
    • Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: taan³ / taan¹
    • Yale: taan / tāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: taan³ / taan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: tan³ / tan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːn³³/, /tʰaːn⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thàn
    • Tâi-lô: thàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: taxn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tʰan²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰan⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰan²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tʰan¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰan²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: tam³ / tang³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thàm / thàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰam²¹³/, /tʰaŋ²¹³/

Note:

• tam3 - Chaozhou;
• tang3 - Shantou.

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• Middle Chinese: than, thanH

Rime
Character	嘆	嘆
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	他干切	他旦切
Baxter	than	thanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑn/	/tʰɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑn/	/tʰɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑn/	/tʰɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰan/	/tʰanH/
Li Rong	/tʰɑn/	/tʰɑnH/
Wang Li	/tʰɑn/	/tʰɑnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑn/	/tʰɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tān	tàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taan1	taan3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥ˤar-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰaːn/, /*n̥ʰaːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	嘆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tàn
Middle Chinese	‹ thanH ›
Old Chinese	/*n̥ˁar-s/
English	sigh
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	嘆	嘆
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	4890	4895
Phonetic component	暵	暵
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	灘	炭
Old Chinese	/*n̥ʰaːn/	/*n̥ʰaːns/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 嘆

1. (grammar) Short for 嘆詞／叹词 (tàncí, “interjection”).
2. to sigh
3. to chant
4. to praise
5. (Cantonese) to enjoy

Usage notes

嘆 is considered a variant form of 歎 in Hong Kong.

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Japanese

Kanji

嘆

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 嘆)

1. to sigh
2. to lament
3. to moan
4. to grieve

Readings

• Go-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
• Kun: なげく (nageku, 嘆く, Jōyō); なげかわしい (nagekawashii, 嘆かわしい, Jōyō)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
嘆
たん Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
嘆 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 嘆 (MC than|thanH).

Noun

嘆(たん) • (tan) 

1. sigh

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 嘆(たん)願(がん) (tangan)
• 嘆(たん)息(そく) (tansoku)
• 感(かん)嘆(たん) (kantan)
• 驚(きょう)嘆(たん) (kyōtan)
• 三(さん)嘆(たん) (santan)
• 悲(ひ)嘆(たん) (hitan)

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Korean

Hanja

嘆 (eum 탄 (tan))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

Compounds

• 애탄 (哀嘆, aetan)
• 감탄 (感嘆, gamtan)
• 탄식 (嘆息, tansik)

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Vietnamese

Han character

嘆: Hán Việt readings: thán (他(tha)案(án)切(thiết)), than
嘆: Nôm readings: than, han, thán, thăn, hớn, hen, thơn

1. Nôm form of than (“to complain”).