壞

See also: 壊 and 坏

Translingual

Traditional	壞
Shinjitai	壊
Simplified	坏

Han character

壞 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+16, 19 strokes, cangjie input 土卜田女 (GYWV), four-corner 4413₂, composition ⿰土褱)

Derived characters

• 蘾

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 242, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5590
• Dae Jaweon: page 481, character 27
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 500, character 2
• Unihan data for U+58DE

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Chinese

trad.		壞
simp.		坏*
alternative forms		坯

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (褱) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
瓌	*kuːl
櫰	*kuːl, *ɡruːl
褱	*ɡruːl, *ɡruːl
懷	*ɡruːl
瀤	*ɡruːl
壞	*ɡruːls
蘾	*ɡruːls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡruːls) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 褱 (OC *ɡruːl, *ɡruːl).

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 壞

1. bad
2. rotten; spoiled

   這水果壞了。／这水果坏了。  ―  Zhè shuǐguǒ huài le.  ―  This fruit is rotten.

   牛奶壞了。／牛奶坏了。  ―  Niúnǎi huài le.  ―  The milk has gone bad.

3. to spoil; to go rotten
4. broken (non-functional)
5. to break; to stop working

   很容易壞／很容易坏  ―  hěn róngyì huài  ―  breaks very easily

   到而家都仲未壞，真係犀利。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   到而家都仲未坏，真系犀利。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   dou³ ji⁴ gaa¹ dou¹ zung⁶ mei⁶ waai⁶, zan¹ hai⁶ sai¹ lei⁶. [Jyutping]

   It's amazing, it hasn't broken.

6. to ruin; to destroy
7. bad idea; dirty trick
8. extremely; very; highly

Synonyms

• (bad):

Dialectal synonyms of 壞 (“bad; not good”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		惡
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		壞
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	壞, 賴
	Taiwan	壞
	Malaysia	壞
	Singapore	壞
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	壞, 孬, 賴
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	瞎, 壞
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	壞
	Wuhan	壞, 拐
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	壞
	Hefei	壞
Cantonese	Guangzhou	壞, 弊, 衰
	Hong Kong	壞, 衰
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	衰
	Yangjiang	壞
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	衰
	Singapore (Guangfu)	衰
Gan	Nanchang	壞
Hakka	Meixian	壞
	Wuhua (Meilin)	衰
Jin	Taiyuan	賴, 壞
Northern Min	Jian'ou	壞, 獰
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	呆, 否
Southern Min	Xiamen	歹, 䆀
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	歹
	Quanzhou	歹
	Jinjiang	歹
	Nan'an	歹
	Shishi	歹
	Zhangzhou	䆀
	Zhao'an	䆀, 孬
	Tainan	歹
	Penang (Hokkien)	䆀, 歹
	Singapore (Hokkien)	歹
	Manila (Hokkien)	歹
	Datian	歹
	Chaozhou	孬
	Shantou	孬
	Jieyang	孬, 歹
	Puning	孬
	Singapore (Teochew)	歹, 孬
	Leizhou	㾀
	Wenchang	㾀
	Haikou	㾀
	Singapore (Hainanese)	㾀
Wu	Shanghai	壞, 恘
	Suzhou	壞, 恘
	Ningbo	歪, 推扳, 嘸做
	Wenzhou	毛
Xiang	Changsha	壞, 拐
	Shuangfeng	壞, 拐

• (to spoil): 腐敗／腐败 (fǔbài), 腐臭 (fǔchòu), 腐爛／腐烂 (fǔlàn), 腐朽 (fǔxiǔ), (Min Nan) 臭爛／臭烂
• (to ruin):

(deprecated template usage)

• 亂／乱 (luàn) (literary, or in compounds)
• 僝僽 (chánzhòu) (literary)
• 圮毀／圮毁 (pǐhuǐ) (literary)
• 打掉 (dǎdiào)
• 損壞／损坏 (sǔnhuài)
• 損毀／损毁 (sǔnhuǐ)
• 搗砸／捣砸 (dau² zah⁵) (Jin)
• 摧殘／摧残 (cuīcán)
• 摧毀／摧毁 (cuīhuǐ)
• 毀／毁 (huǐ)
• 毀壞／毁坏 (huǐhuài)
• 毀損／毁损 (huǐsǔn)
• 決裂／决裂 (juéliè) (archaic)
• 破 (pò) (literary, or in compounds)
• 破壞／破坏 (pòhuài)
• 糟 (zāo) (literary, or in compounds)
• 糟蹋 (zāotà)
• 隳 (huī) (literary, or in compounds)

 

• (extremely):

(deprecated template usage)

• 不要太 (bùyàotài) (slang)
• 十分 (shífēn)
• 危險／危险 (Wu)
• 孔 (kǒng) (literary, or in compounds)
• 很 (hěn)
• 極其／极其 (jíqí)
• 極度／极度 (jídù)
• 極為／极为 (jíwéi)
• 極端／极端 (jíduān)
• 滾／滚 (gǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
• 異常／异常 (yìcháng)
• 老大 (lǎodà) (colloquial, usually in the negative)
• 良
• 超 (chāo)
• 非常 (fēicháng)
• 頗／颇 (pō) (literary)
• 頗為／颇为 (pōwéi) (literary)

 

Antonyms

• (bad): 好 (hǎo)

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	壊
Kyūjitai	壞

Kanji

壞

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 壊)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: え (e)^{←ゑ (we, historical)}
• Kan-on: かい (kai)^{←くわい (kwai, historical)}
• Kun: こわす (kowasu, 壞す); こわれる (kowareru, 壞れる); やぶる (yaburu, 壞る)
• Nanori: つち (tsuchi)

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Korean

Hanja

壞 • (goe, hoe) (hangeul 괴, 회, McCune–Reischauer koe, hoe)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 壞 (hoại, hoải, hoai)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.