敲

Translingual

Han character

敲 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜月卜水 (YBYE), four-corner 0124₇, composition ⿰高攴)

Derived characters

• 𡁞

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 474, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13337
• Dae Jaweon: page 828, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1471, character 11
• Unihan data for U+6572

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		敲

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 敲
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (高) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
高	*kaːw
膏	*kaːw, *kaːws
篙	*kaːw
稿	*kaːwʔ
稾	*kaːwʔ, *kʰaːws
槁	*kaːwʔ, *kʰaːwʔ
縞	*kaːwʔ, *kaːws
暠	*kaːwʔ
槀	*kaːwʔ
藁	*kaːwʔ
燺	*kʰaːwʔ
薧	*kʰaːwʔ, *kʰaːws, *qʰaːw
犒	*kʰaːws
蒿	*qʰaːw
藃	*qʰaːws, *qʰraːw, *qʰraw
豪	*ɡaːw
毫	*ɡaːw
壕	*ɡaːw
濠	*ɡaːw
鎬	*ɡaːwʔ
滈	*ɡaːwʔ, *qʰraːwɢ
鄗	*ɡaːwʔ, *kʰraːw, *qʰaːwɢ
鰝	*ɡaːwʔ, *qʰaːwɢ
薃	*ɡaːwʔ
搞	*kruːʔ
敲	*kʰraːw, *kʰraːws
髇	*qʰraːw
嗃	*qʰraːw, *qʰraːws, *qʰaːwɢ
巐	*kʰl'awʔ
歊	*qʰraw, *qʰoːwɢ
謞	*qʰaːwɢ, *qʰraːwɢ
熇	*qʰaːwɢ, *qʰoːwɢ, *qʰoːɡ
碻	*kʰraːwɢ
塙	*kʰraːwɢ
毃	*kʰraːwɢ
翯	*qʰraːwɢ, *ɡraːwɢ, *ɡoːwɢ
瀥	*qʰraːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰraːw, *kʰraːws) : phonetic 高 (OC *kaːw) + semantic 攴 (“to hit lightly; to tap”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiāo (qiao¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄠ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haau¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khau
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khà / khau / khàu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kiao¹ / kiou¹ / ka³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiāo
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciao
    • Wade–Giles: chʻiao¹
    • Yale: chyāu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiau
    • Palladius: цяо (cjao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: haau¹
    • Yale: hāau
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hao¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːu̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khau
    • Hakka Romanization System: kau
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kau⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰau̯⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khà
    • Tâi-lô: khà
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qax
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰa⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /kʰa²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰa¹¹/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khau
    • Tâi-lô: khau
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qaw
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰau⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰau³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khàu
    • Tâi-lô: khàu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qaux
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰau²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰau⁴¹/

Note:

• khà - vernacular;
• khau, khàu - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: kiao¹ / kiou¹ / ka³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiau / khiou / khà
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiau³³/, /kʰiou³³/, /kʰa²¹³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 敲
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰiɑu⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰiau⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰiɑu²¹/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰiɔ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕʰiɔ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕʰiau²⁴/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰiau²¹/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰiɔ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/kʰɔ⁴⁴/ /t͡ɕʰiɔ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰiɔ³¹/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕʰiɔ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰiau⁵⁵/ 推～ /kʰau⁵⁵/ ～門
	Chengdu	/kʰau⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕʰiau⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/kʰao⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/kʰɔ⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/kʰɔo³¹/ /t͡ɕʰiɔo³¹/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰiɔ²¹/ /kʰɔ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰiau¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰiɔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰiɔ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/kʰɔ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕʰiæ⁵⁵/ /kʰæ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡ɕʰiɔ³³/
	Wenzhou	/kʰuɔ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰiɔ³¹/ /kʰɔ³¹/
	Tunxi	/kʰo¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕʰiau³³/ /kʰau³³/
	Xiangtan	/kʰaɯ³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/kʰɑu⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰiau⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hau⁵³/
	Nanning	/hau⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/hau⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kʰau⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kʰieu⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kʰau³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kʰiau³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/xau²³/

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• Middle Chinese: khaew, khaewH

Rime
Character	敲	敲
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	口交切	苦敎切
Baxter	khaew	khaewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠau/	/kʰˠauH/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚau/	/kʰᵚauH/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰau/	/kʰauH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰaɨw/	/kʰaɨwH/
Li Rong	/kʰau/	/kʰauH/
Wang Li	/kʰau/	/kʰauH/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰau/	/kʰauH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiāo	qiào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haau1	haau3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰraːw/, /*kʰraːws/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	敲	敲
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	3757	3759
Phonetic component	高	高
Rime group	宵	宵
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	敲	敲
Old Chinese	/*kʰraːw/	/*kʰraːws/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 敲

1. to hit; to strike; to tap; to rap; to knock

   他敲了門。／他敲了门。  ―  Tā qiāo le mén.  ―  He knocked on the door.

   剛剛敲過了八點鐘，不是嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
   刚刚敲过了八点钟，不是吗？ [MSC, simp.]

   Gānggāng qiāo guò le bādiǎnzhōng, bù shì ma? [Pinyin]

   It has just struck eight, hasn't it?

2. (colloquial) to rip off; to overcharge; to blackmail

   那家旅館敲觀光客的竹杠。 [MSC, trad.]
   那家旅馆敲观光客的竹杠。 [MSC, simp.]

   Nà jiā lǚguǎn qiāo guānguāngkè de zhúgàng. [Pinyin]

   That hotel rips off the tourists.

   他們敲了你多少錢？ [MSC, trad.]
   他们敲了你多少钱？ [MSC, simp.]

   Tāmen qiāo le nǐ duōshào qián? [Pinyin]

   How much did they screw you for?

3. (colloquial) to criticize; to warn

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01736
• “敲”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

敲

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. to knock, to strike, to hit

Readings

• Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←けう (keu, historical)}
• Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
• Kun: たたく (tataku, 敲く)
• Nanori: のぼる (noboru)

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Korean

Hanja

敲 • (go, gyo) (hangeul 고, 교, revised go, gyo, McCune–Reischauer ko, kyo, Yale ko, kyo)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 敲 (xao, xào, sao)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.