歎

See also: 叹 and 嘆

Translingual

Han character

歎 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 廿人弓人 (TONO), four-corner 4758₂, composition ⿰⿱廿⿻口夫欠)

Derived characters

• 擹, 𤁤, 𣋸, 𣞔, 𪇽

Related characters

• 叹 (Simplified Chinese)
• 嘆 (Variant form of 歎 in Hong Kong)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 571, character 24
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16182
• Dae Jaweon: page 959, character 18
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2149, character 8
• Unihan data for U+6B4E

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Chinese

trad.		歎/嘆
simp.		叹*
alternative forms		歏 𪇽 𣥁

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (暵) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
儺	*naːl
臡	*naːl, *neːl, *njeːl
嘆	*n̥ʰaːn, *n̥ʰaːns
灘	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːns, *hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
擹	*n̥ʰaːn
攤	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːnʔ, *naːns
癱	*n̥ʰaːn
歎	*n̥ʰaːns
難	*n̥ʰaːn, *naːns
暵	*hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns
熯	*hnaːnʔ, *hnaːns, *njanʔ
漢	*hnaːns
戁	*rnaːnʔ, *njanʔ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tàn (tan⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): taan³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tàn
    • Wade–Giles: tʻan⁴
    • Yale: tàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tann
    • Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: taan³
    • Yale: taan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: taan³
    • Guangdong Romanization: tan³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰaːn³³/

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• Middle Chinese: thanH

Rime
Character	歎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	他旦切
Baxter	thanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰanH/
Li Rong	/tʰɑnH/
Wang Li	/tʰɑnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	taan3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*n̥ˤar/

  (Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰaːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	歎
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	tān
Middle Chinese	‹ than ›
Old Chinese	/*n̥ˁar/
English	to sigh
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	歎
Reading #	1/1
No.	4896
Phonetic component	暵
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	炭
Old Chinese	/*n̥ʰaːns/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 歎

1. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 嘆 (“to sigh; to chant; to praise”).
2. one of 24 literary genres from the Zhou dynasty
3. a surname

Hypernyms

• (literary genre): 文體／文体 (wéntǐ)

Coordinate terms

literary genre

• 吟 (yín)
• 咏
• 引 (yǐn)
• 怨 (yuàn)
• 操 (cāo)
• 文 (wén)
• 曲 (qū)
• 歌 (gē)
• 篇 (piān)
• 箴 (zhēn)
• 行 (xíng)
• 詞／词 (cí)
• 誄／诔 (lěi)
• 詩／诗 (shī)
• 調／调 (tiáo)
• 謠／谣 (yáo)
• 謳／讴 (ōu)
• 賦／赋 (fù)
• 贊／赞 (zàn)
• 銘／铭 (míng)
• 章 (zhāng)
• 頌／颂 (sòng)
• 題／题 (tí)

 

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Japanese

Kanji

歎

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): たん (tan)
• Kun: なげく (nageku)

Compounds

• 悲(ひ)歎(たん) (hitan)

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Korean

Hanja

歎 (eum 탄 (tan))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 탄식 (歎息, tansik)
• 탄원 (歎願, tanwon)

 

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Vietnamese

Han character

歎: Hán Việt readings: thán (他(tha)案(án)切(thiết))
歎: Nôm readings: than, thăn

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.