申

See also: 田, 甲, 由, and 𢑚

Translingual

Han character

申 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 中田中 (LWL), four-corner 5000₆, composition ⿻日丨 or ⿻囗十)

Derived characters

• 伸 神 紳 (绅)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 758, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21726
• Dae Jaweon: page 1168, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2526, character 1
• Unihan data for U+7533

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		申
alternative forms		𢑚 𦥔 伸 “to extend; to stretch; to state; to explain”

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 申
Shang		Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States			Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (申) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
電	*l'iːns
胂	*l̥ʰin, *hlin
申	*hlin
伸	*hlin
呻	*hlin
紳	*hlin
眒	*hlin, *hlins
柛	*hlin
訷	*hlin
抻	*hlins
神	*hlin
朄	*lins

Pictogram (象形) — a bolt of lightning. Original character of 電 (OC *l'iːns, “lightning”) and 神 (OC *hlin, “god; deity; spirit”).

Etymology

“to extend; to state; to request; to announce; again”

From 引 (OC *linʔ, *lins, “to pull; to draw”) + devoicing causative or iterative (Schuessler, 2007).

“Shanghai”

From 春申江 (Chūnshēnjiāng), an alternative name of 黃浦江／黄浦江 (Huángpǔjiāng), the largest river in Shanghai.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shēn (shen¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): san¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̂n
• Eastern Min (BUC): sĭng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sin / chhun

  (Teochew, Peng'im): sing¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹sen

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shēn
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄣ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shen
    • Wade–Giles: shên¹
    • Yale: shēn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shen
    • Palladius: шэнь (šɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: san¹
    • Yale: sān
    • Cantonese Pinyin: san¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: sen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂n
    • Hakka Romanization System: siin´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨn²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin / chhun
    • Tâi-lô: sin / tshun
    • Phofsit Daibuun: syn, zhwn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /sin⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sin³³/, /t͡sʰun³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /sin⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰun⁴⁴/

Note:

• sin - literary;
• chhun - vernacular.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: sing¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sing
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹sen
    • MiniDict: sen^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹sen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sən⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: syin

Rime
Character	申
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	失人切
Baxter	syin
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiɪn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕin/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕjen/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕin/
Li Rong	/ɕiĕn/
Wang Li	/ɕĭĕn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ĕn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shēn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	san1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥i[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hlin/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	申
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shēn
Middle Chinese	‹ syin ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥i[n]/
English	9th earthly branch
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	申
Reading #	1/1
No.	11235
Phonetic component	申
Rime group	眞
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	申
Old Chinese	/*hlin/
Notes	甲金文象閃電， 後轉註爲電字

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 申

1. ^† Original form of 電／电 (diàn, “lightning”).
2. ^† Original form of 神 (shén, “lightning”).
3. to extend; to stretch
4. to state; to explain
5. to request; to report
6. to announce; to express
7. ^† again; repeatedly
8. ninth of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
   1. monkey of the Chinese zodiac
   2. 3 to 5 p.m.
   3. seventh month of the Chinese calendar
9. (～國) Shen (vassal state during the Zhou dynasty)
10. Alternative name for 上海 (Shànghǎi, “Shanghai”).
11. a surname

Coordinate terms

• Template:list:earthly branches/zh

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Japanese

Kanji

申

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. (humble) to speak
2. the monkey, one of the twelve animals of the Chinese zodiac

Readings

• Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)
• Kun: もうす (mōsu, 申す, Jōyō); もうし (mōshi, 申し); さる (saru, 申)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
申
さる Grade: 3
kun'yomi

From 猿 (saru, “monkey”)

Pronunciation

• Homophones: 猿, 去る, 避る, 然る

Proper noun

申(さる) • (Saru) 

1. the Monkey, the ninth of the twelve Earthly Branches

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
申
しん Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 申 (syin)

Proper noun

申(しん) • (Shin) 

1. the Monkey, the ninth of the twelve Earthly Branches

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Korean

Hanja

申 (eumhun 펼칠 신 (pyeolchil sin))

1. Hanja form^? of 신 (“to extend; to stretch”).

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 申 (thân)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.