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U+6050, 恐
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6050

[U+604F]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+6051]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 61, +6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一弓心 (MNP) or 難一弓心 (XMNP), four-corner 17331, composition ⿱⿰(GJKV) or ⿱⿰(HT))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 384, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10552
  • Dae Jaweon: page 714, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2289, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+6050

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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In the Shuowen Jiezi appears as phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs) : phonetic 𢀜 () + semantic (heart). The modern form can be interpreted as phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kʰoŋʔ, *kʰoŋs) : phonetic (OC *koŋʔ) + semantic (heart)

Pronunciation

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /kʰuŋ²¹⁴/
Harbin /kʰuŋ²¹³/
Tianjin /kʰuŋ¹³/
Jinan /kʰuŋ⁵⁵/
Qingdao /kʰəŋ⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /kʰuŋ⁵³/
Xi'an /kʰuŋ⁵³/
Xining /kʰuə̃⁵³/
Yinchuan /kʰuŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /kʰũn⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /kʰuŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /kʰoŋ⁴²/
Chengdu /kʰoŋ⁵³/
Guiyang /kʰoŋ⁴²/
Kunming /kʰoŋ⁵³/
Nanjing /kʰoŋ²¹²/
Hefei /kʰəŋ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /kʰuəŋ⁵³/
Pingyao /kʰuŋ⁵³/
Hohhot /kʰũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /kʰoŋ³⁵/
Suzhou /kʰoŋ⁵¹/
Hangzhou /kʰoŋ⁵³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰyɔ³⁵/
/kʰoŋ³⁵/
Hui Shexian /kʰuʌ̃³⁵/
Tunxi /kʰan³¹/ ~怖
/t͡ɕʰin³¹/ ~怕
Xiang Changsha /kʰoŋ⁴¹/
Xiangtan /kʰən⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /kʰuŋ²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /kʰiuŋ³¹/
Taoyuan /kʰioŋ³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hoŋ³⁵/
Nanning /kʰuŋ³⁵/
Hong Kong /huŋ³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰiɔŋ⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰyŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kʰɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /kʰioŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /xɔŋ³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial () (29) (29)
Final () (7) (7)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III III
Fanqie
Baxter khjowngX khjowngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kʰɨoŋX/ /kʰɨoŋH/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʰioŋX/ /kʰioŋH/
Shao
Rongfen
/kʰioŋX/ /kʰioŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kʰuawŋX/ /kʰuawŋH/
Li
Rong
/kʰioŋX/ /kʰioŋH/
Wang
Li
/kʰĭwoŋX/ /kʰĭwoŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/kʰi̯woŋX/ /kʰi̯woŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qiǒng qiòng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
hung2 hung3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
kǒng
Middle
Chinese
‹ khjowngX ›
Old
Chinese
/*kʰ(r)oŋʔ/
English fear

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 4071 4072
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʰoŋʔ/ /*kʰoŋs/

Definitions

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  1. to fear; to be afraid
  2. fearful; apprehensive
  3. perhaps; may (not)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

  1. fear; be afraid
  2. threaten
  3. probably

Readings

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Compounds

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Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 두려울 (duryeoul gong))

  1. hanja form? of (fear, be scared, be apprehensive)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: khúng, khủng
: Nôm readings: khủng, thứ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.