霜
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]霜 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 一月木月山 (MBDBU), four-corner 10963, composition ⿱雨相)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1376, character 29
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42363
- Dae Jaweon: page 1885, character 24
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4070, character 2
- Unihan data for U+971C
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 霜 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 霜 | |
| 2nd round simp. | ⿱⿻丅⿱冖⿰丶丶双 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sraŋ) : semantic 雨 (“rain”) + phonetic 相 (OC *slaŋ, *slaŋs).
Etymology
[edit]From 涼 (OC *ɡ·raŋ) with an s- (nominalizer) prefix (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): suang1
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): soeng1
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): song1
- (Yangjiang, Jyutping++): song1
- Gan (Wiktionary): song1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): suon1
- Northern Min (KCR): só̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): sŏng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1saon
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): xyan1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄤ
- Tongyong Pinyin: shuang
- Wade–Giles: shuang1
- Yale: shwāng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuang
- Palladius: шуан (šuan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: suang1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: suong
- Sinological IPA (key): /suaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: soeng1
- Yale: sēung
- Cantonese Pinyin: soeng1
- Guangdong Romanization: sêng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sœːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: song1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɔŋ³³/
- (Yangjiang Yue, Jiangcheng)
- Jyutping++: song1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʃɔŋ³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: song1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɔŋ⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sông
- Hakka Romanization System: songˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: song1
- Sinological IPA: /soŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: suon1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /suɒ̃¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: só̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɔŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sŏng
- Sinological IPA (key): /souŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- sng - colloquial;
- song - literary.
- Middle Chinese: srjang
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]raŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sraŋ/
Definitions
[edit]霜
- frost
- frost-like powder
- (medicine) cream
- (literary, figurative) white
- (Southern Min) ice
Synonyms
[edit]- (ice):
Compounds
[edit]- 七十瓦上霜，八十不稀奇 (qīshí wǎ shàng shuāng, bāshí bù xīqí)
- 傲雪凌霜
- 傲雪欺霜
- 傲霜
- 傲霜枝
- 傲霜鬥雪／傲霜斗雪
- 兩鬢飛霜／两鬓飞霜
- 六月飛霜／六月飞霜 (liùyuèfēishuāng)
- 冒霜撥露／冒霜拨露
- 冰霜 (bīngshuāng)
- 冷若冰霜
- 冷霜霜
- 冽霜
- 凝霜 (níngshuāng)
- 初霜
- 含霜
- 嚴霜／严霜
- 字挾風霜／字挟风霜
- 孤霜
- 寒霜
- 履霜
- 履霜之戒
- 履霜堅冰／履霜坚冰
- 履霜知冰
- 披霜冒露
- 早霜
- 星霜 (xīngshuāng)
- 春露秋霜
- 晚霜
- 柿霜 (shìshuāng)
- 欺霜傲雪
- 滿面雪霜／满面雪霜
- 潘鬢成霜／潘鬓成霜
- 無霜期／无霜期 (wúshuāngqī)
- 琨玉秋霜 (kūn yù qiū shuāng)
- 百草霜
- 眠霜臥雪／眠霜卧雪
- 砒霜 (pīshuāng)
- 秋霜
- 糖霜 (tángshuāng)
- 終霜／终霜
- 羊霜腸／羊霜肠
- 臥月眠霜／卧月眠霜
- 臥雪眠霜／卧雪眠霜
- 范履霜
- 草上霜
- 茯苓霜
- 葛屨履霜／葛屦履霜
- 蔗霜
- 蜜餞砒霜／蜜饯砒霜 (mìjiànpīshuāng)
- 蟲霜水旱／虫霜水旱
- 貴霜／贵霜 (Guìshuāng)
- 貴霜王朝／贵霜王朝
- 金雞納霜／金鸡纳霜 (jīnjīnàshuāng)
- 鋪霜湧雪／铺霜涌雪 (pūshuāngyǒngxuě)
- 防曬霜／防晒霜 (fángshàishuāng)
- 防霜林
- 降霜 (jiàngshuāng)
- 除霜 (chúshuāng)
- 雪上加霜 (xuěshàngjiāshuāng)
- 霏霜
- 霜兒／霜儿
- 霜凍／霜冻 (shuāngdòng)
- 霜天 (shuāngtiān)
- 霜威
- 霜害 (shuānghài)
- 霜月 (Shuāngyuè)
- 霜毫
- 霜淇淋 (shuāngqílín)
- 霜禽
- 霜舂雨薪
- 霜蹄
- 霜鋒／霜锋
- 霜降 (Shuāngjiàng)
- 霜隕／霜陨
- 霜雪 (shuāngxuě)
- 霜露之思
- 霜鬢／霜鬓
- 面霜 (miànshuāng)
- 風刀霜劍／风刀霜剑
- 風霜／风霜 (fēngshuāng)
- 飛霜／飞霜
- 飽經霜雪／饱经霜雪
- 飽經風霜／饱经风霜 (bǎojīngfēngshuāng)
- 鹽霜／盐霜 (yánshuāng)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “霜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]霜
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: しょう (shō)←しやう (syau, historical)
- Kan-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)←さう (sau, historical)
- Kun: しも (shimo, 霜, Jōyō)
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
Etymology
[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 霜 |
| しも Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
⟨simo₁⟩ → /simo/ → /ɕimo/
From Old Japanese, first attested in the Harima Fudoki of 715 CE,[1] in turn from Proto-Japonic *simo.
Thought to be cognate with or derived from 下 (⟨simo1⟩ → shimo, “bottom, lower part”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- frost (ice crystals in objects exposed to the air)
- Synonym: フロスト (furosuto)
- (by extension) ice adhered inside an electric refrigerator
- (figurative) white hair
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
Idioms
[edit]- 霜を置く (shimo o oku)
Proverbs
[edit]- 霜を履んで堅氷至る (shimo o funde kenpyō itaru)
Proper noun
[edit]- a surname
References
[edit]- ^ “霜”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 霜 (MC srjang). Recorded as Middle Korean 사ᇰ (sang) (Yale: sang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading そう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading さう
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- Japanese terms spelled with 霜 read as しも
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