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hart

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Hart, HART, hårt, and hârt

English

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a hart with impressive hartshorn

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle English hert, from Old English heorot (“stag”), from Proto-West Germanic *herut, from Proto-Germanic *herutaz (compare Dutch hert, German Hirsch, Danish/Norwegian/Swedish hjort), from Pre-Germanic *kerudos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”). Doublet of Heorot.

Cognates

Compare Welsh carw (“deer”), Latin cervus (“deer”), cervīx (“nape of the neck”), Lithuanian kárvė (“cow”), Russian коро́ва (koróva, “cow”), Ancient Greek κόρυδος (kórudos, “crested lark”), κορυφή (koruphḗ, “summit, crown of the head”), κορύπτω (korúptō, “to butt with horns”), Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬏 (srū), 𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁 (sruuā, “horn; claw, talon”), Sanskrit शरभ (śarabhá, “mythical antelope”). More at horn.

Noun

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hart (countable and uncountable, plural hart or harts)

  1. (countable) A male deer, especially the male of the red deer after his fifth year.
    Synonyms: buck; stag (sometimes hyponymous)
    Hypernyms: red deer; deer; cervid; ungulate
    Hyponyms: brocket, knobber, knobbler, pricket, spitter
    Coordinate term: hind (the female)
  2. (uncountable) The meat from this animal.
    • 1891 July 8, L. S., “Twenty Hidden Towns in One State”, in Good Housekeeping […], volume XIII, number 2 (154 overall), Springfield, Mass., published 1891 August, →OCLC, page 95, column 1:
      We are to have hart for dinner on Jack’s birthday; you call it deer in Grenada.
    • 1999, James B[iser] Whisker, “Hunting in the Judaeo-Christian Tradition”, in The Right to Hunt, revised edition, Bellevue, Wash.: Merril Press, →ISBN, page 38:
      The people of Israel knew something of hunting, as in the stories of eating hart and roebuck, and venison.
    • 2003, Richard D. Taber, Neil F. Payne, “Ancient Warrior-Rulers”, in Wildlife, Conservation, and Human Welfare: A United States and Canadian Perspective, Malabar, Fla.: Krieger Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 30:
      Still, the people of Israel certainly knew about hunting, because they ate hart (red deer) and roe deer.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Etymology 2

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See heart.

Noun

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hart (plural harts)

  1. Obsolete spelling of heart.

Anagrams

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Afrikaans

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Etymology

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From Dutch hart, from Middle Dutch herte, harte, from Old Dutch herta, from Proto-Germanic *hertô, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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hart (plural harte)

  1. heart

Dutch

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Dutch herte, harte, from Old Dutch herta, from Proto-West Germanic *hertā, from Proto-Germanic *hertô, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

Noun

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hart n or f (plural harten, diminutive hartje n)

  1. heart, main muscle pumping blood through the body
  2. the center point or zone of an object, image etc.
  3. the core or essence of some thing, reasoning etc.
  4. compassionate or similar feelings
Usage notes
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  • Previously the gender of this word could be feminine, which is still reflected in fossilized expressions such as ter harte nemen, which uses feminine case forms (ter). In modern usage the word is always neuter, however (leaving aside the mentioned fossilized expressions).
Alternative forms
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Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Afrikaans: hart
  • Negerhollands: hert, hart, hat
  • → Sranan Tongo: ati

Etymology 2

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Noun

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hart n (plural harten, diminutive hartje n)

  1. (Northern) archaic form of hert (“deer”)

Faroese

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Etymology

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See harður (“hard, loud”)

Adjective

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hart (neuter of harður)

  1. hard
  2. loud

French

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Etymology

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Inherited from Middle French hart, from Old French hart, hard, a borrowing from Frankish *heʀdā.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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hart f (plural harts)

  1. (archaic) cord, rope; halter (hangman's rope)

Further reading

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German

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Etymology

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From Middle High German hart, Old High German hart, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, from Proto-Indo-European *kortús (“strong; powerful”). Cognate with Low German hard, hart, Dutch hard, English hard, Danish hård.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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hart (strong nominative masculine singular harter, comparative härter, superlative am härtesten)

  1. hard
  2. severe, harsh
    • 1981, “Polizisten”, performed by Extrabreit:
      Sie rauchen "Milde Sorte" / Weil–das Leben ist doch hart genug
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 2012 May 2, Die Welt, page 10:
      Die harten Einschnitte zum Schuldenabbau standen in vielen EU-Ländern im Zentrum der Kritik der Demonstranten.
      The severe cuts for the reduction of debt were in many EU countries at the center of criticism by the protesters.
  3. (figurative) unmoved, cold, cruel
    • 1924, Thomas Mann, Der Zauberberg [The Magic Mountain], volume 1, Berlin: S. Fischer, page 528:
      Seit vier Jahren hier oben, war die Mittellose von harten Verwandten abhängig, die sie schon einmal, da sie doch sterben müsse, von hier fortgenommen und nur auf Einspruch des Hofrats wieder heraufgeschickt hatten.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

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Positive forms of hart
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist hart sie ist hart es ist hart sie sind hart
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative harter harte hartes harte
genitive harten harter harten harter
dative hartem harter hartem harten
accusative harten harte hartes harte
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der harte die harte das harte die harten
genitive des harten der harten des harten der harten
dative dem harten der harten dem harten den harten
accusative den harten die harte das harte die harten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein harter eine harte ein hartes (keine) harten
genitive eines harten einer harten eines harten (keiner) harten
dative einem harten einer harten einem harten (keinen) harten
accusative einen harten eine harte ein hartes (keine) harten
Comparative forms of hart
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist härter sie ist härter es ist härter sie sind härter
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative härterer härtere härteres härtere
genitive härteren härterer härteren härterer
dative härterem härterer härterem härteren
accusative härteren härtere härteres härtere
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der härtere die härtere das härtere die härteren
genitive des härteren der härteren des härteren der härteren
dative dem härteren der härteren dem härteren den härteren
accusative den härteren die härtere das härtere die härteren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein härterer eine härtere ein härteres (keine) härteren
genitive eines härteren einer härteren eines härteren (keiner) härteren
dative einem härteren einer härteren einem härteren (keinen) härteren
accusative einen härteren eine härtere ein härteres (keine) härteren
Superlative forms of hart
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
predicative er ist am härtesten sie ist am härtesten es ist am härtesten sie sind am härtesten
strong declension
(without article) 		nominative härtester härteste härtestes härteste
genitive härtesten härtester härtesten härtester
dative härtestem härtester härtestem härtesten
accusative härtesten härteste härtestes härteste
weak declension
(with definite article) 		nominative der härteste die härteste das härteste die härtesten
genitive des härtesten der härtesten des härtesten der härtesten
dative dem härtesten der härtesten dem härtesten den härtesten
accusative den härtesten die härteste das härteste die härtesten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article) 		nominative ein härtester eine härteste ein härtestes (keine) härtesten
genitive eines härtesten einer härtesten eines härtesten (keiner) härtesten
dative einem härtesten einer härtesten einem härtesten (keinen) härtesten
accusative einen härtesten eine härteste ein härtestes (keine) härtesten

Derived terms

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Adverb

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hart

  1. hard (with force or effort)
    Sie haben die ganze Woche hart gearbeitet.
    They worked hard all week.
  2. sharply, roughly, severely
  3. close [with an (+ dative) ‘to someone/something’]

Further reading

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  • “hart” in Duden online
  • “hart” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Icelandic

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Adjective

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hart

  1. neuter nominative/accusative of harður

Irish

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from English heart.

Alternative forms

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Noun

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hart m (genitive singular hairt, nominative plural hairt)

  1. (card games) heart
Declension
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Declension of hart (first declension)
bare forms
singular plural
nominative hart hairt
vocative a hairt a harta
genitive hairt hart
dative hart hairt
forms with the definite article
singular plural
nominative an hart na hairt
genitive an hairt na hart
dative leis an hart
don hart 		leis na hairt

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

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hart

  1. h-prothesized form of art

References

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Middle Dutch

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old Dutch hart.

Adjective

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hart

  1. hard (not soft)
  2. solid, sturdy
  3. hard, harsh, cruel

Inflection

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Adjective
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter
nominative indefinite hart harde hart harde
definite harde harde
accusative indefinite harden harde hart harde
definite harde
genitive indefinite harts harder harts harder
definite harts, harden harts, harden
dative harden harder harden harden

Descendants

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Further reading

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North Frisian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old Frisian herte, from Proto-West Germanic *hertā. Cognates include West Frisian hert.

Noun

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hart n (plural harten)

  1. (Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) heart
    At hart klopet/böget.
    My heart is beating.

Old Dutch

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī).

Adjective

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hart (comparative hardiro, superlative hardist)

  1. hard

Inflection

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Declension of hart (a-stem)
strong declension
case masculine feminine neuter plural
nominative hart hart hart harda, harde
accusative hardan, harden harda hart harda, harde
genitive hardes hardero hardes hardero
dative hardin, hardemo hardero hardin, hardemo hardon
weak declension
case masculine feminine neuter plural
nominative hardo harda harda hardon
accusative hardon hardon harda hardon
genitive hardin hardon hardin hardono
dative hardin hardon hardin hardon

Descendants

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Further reading

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  • “hart (II)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old High German

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Altyernative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, whence also Old Saxon hard, Old Dutch hart, Old English heard, Old Norse harðr, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (hardus). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret- (“strong; powerful”).

Adjective

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hart

  1. hard, firm
  2. steadfast, firm in character or opinion; insistent
  3. difficult to endure, severe, oppressive
  4. hard to do
  5. strong, intense

Declension

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Strong declension of hart
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative hartēr, hart hartiu, hart hartaȥ, hart
accusative hartan harta hartaȥ, hart
genitive hartes hartera hartes
dative hartemu harteru hartemu
instrumental hartu — hartu
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative harte, hart harto, hart hartiu, hart
accusative harte harto hartiu, hart
genitive hartero hartero hartero
dative hartēm hartēm hartēm
Weak declension of hart
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative harto harta harta
accusative harton hartūn harta
genitive harten hartūn harten
dative harten hartūn harten
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative harton hartūn harton
accusative harton hartūn harton
genitive hartōno hartōno hartōno
dative hartōm hartōm hartōm
Declension of comparative of hart
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative hartōro hartōra hartōra
accusative hartōron hartōrūn hartōra
genitive hartōren hartōrūn hartōren
dative hartōren hartōrūn hartōren
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative hartōron hartōrūn hartōron
accusative hartōron hartōrūn hartōron
genitive hartōrōno hartōrōno hartōrōno
dative hartōrōm hartōrōm hartōrōm
Strong declension of superlative hart
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative hartōstēr, hartōst hartōstiu, hartōst hartōstaȥ, hartōst
accusative hartōstan hartōsta hartōstaȥ, hartōst
genitive hartōstes hartōstera hartōstes
dative hartōstemu hartōsteru hartōstemu
instrumental hartōstu — hartōstu
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative hartōste, hartōst hartōsto, hartōst hartōstiu, hartōst
accusative hartōste hartōsto hartōstiu, hartōst
genitive hartōstero hartōstero hartōstero
dative hartōstēm hartōstēm hartōstēm
Weak declension of superlative hart
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative hartōsto hartōsta hartōsta
accusative hartōston hartōstūn hartōsta
genitive hartōsten hartōstūn hartōsten
dative hartōsten hartōstūn hartōsten
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative hartōston hartōstūn hartōston
accusative hartōston hartōstūn hartōston
genitive hartōstōno hartōstōno hartōstōno
dative hartōstōm hartōstōm hartōstōm

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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Old Norse

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Adjective

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hart

  1. strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of harðr

Polish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from German Härte, from Old High German hartī.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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hart m inan

  1. strength, resilience, fortitude

Declension

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Declension of hart
singular
nominative hart
genitive hartu
dative hartowi
accusative hart
instrumental hartem
locative harcie
vocative harcie

Derived terms

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adjective
verb

Further reading

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  • hart in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • hart in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Swedish

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Etymology

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From Old Swedish hart, from Old Swedish harþer, from Old Norse harðr. Doublet of hård.

Adverb

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hart (not comparable)

  1. only used in hart när

References

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West Frisian

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Etymology

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From Old Frisian hert, from Proto-West Germanic *herut.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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hart n (plural harten, diminutive hartsje)

  1. deer

Derived terms

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Further reading

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  • “hart (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Yola

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Noun

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hart

  1. alternative form of hearth
    • 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10, page 88:
      Oore hart cam' t' oore mouth, an zo w' all ee green;
      Our hearts came to our mouth, and so with all in the green;

References

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  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 88
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