hart

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See also: Hart and hårt

English[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Middle English hert, from Old English heorot ‎(“stag”), from Proto-Germanic *herutaz (compare Dutch hert, German Hirsch, Danish/Swedish hjort), from Pre-Germanic *kerudos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóru ‎(“horn”).

cognates

Compare Welsh carw ‎(“deer”), Latin cervus ‎(“deer”), cervīx ‎(“nape of the neck”), Lithuanian kárvė ‎(“cow”), Russian коро́ва ‎(koróva, “cow”), Ancient Greek κόρυδος ‎(kórudos, “crested lark”), κορυφή ‎(koruphḗ, “summit, crown of the head”), κορύπτω ‎(korúptō, “to butt with horns”), Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬏 ‎(srū), 𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁 ‎(sruuā, “horn; claw, talon”), Sanskrit शरभ ‎(śarabhá, “mythical antelope”). More at horn.

Noun[edit]

hart ‎(plural harts)

  1. A male deer, especially the male of the red deer after its fifth year.
Related terms[edit]
Translations[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

See heart.

Noun[edit]

hart ‎(plural harts)

  1. Obsolete spelling of heart

Anagrams[edit]

Afrikaans[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Dutch hart, from Middle Dutch herte, harte, from Old Dutch herta, from Proto-Germanic *hertô, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

Noun[edit]

hart ‎(plural harte)

  1. (anatomy) heart

Dutch[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Dutch herte, harte, from Old Dutch herta, from Proto-Germanic *hertô, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr. Cognate with West Frisian hert, English heart, German Herz, Swedish hjärta. The Indo-European root is also the source of Greek καρδία ‎(kardía), Latin cor, Welsh craidd, Irish croí, Russian се́рдце ‎(sérdce), Lithuanian širdis.

Noun[edit]

hart n ‎(plural harten, diminutive hartje n)

  1. (anatomy) The heart, main muscle pumping blood through the body:
  2. The center point or zone of an object, image etc.
  3. The core or essence of some thing, reasoning etc.
  4. Compassionate or similar feelings

Derived terms[edit]

Terms derived from hart

Faroese[edit]

Adjective[edit]

hart ‎(neuter of harður)

  1. hard
  2. loud

French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Frankish *hard (compare Middle Dutch herde, German Hardt).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

hart f ‎(plural harts)

  1. (archaic) cord, rope; halter (hangman's rope)

External links[edit]

German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old High German hart, from Proto-Germanic *harduz, from Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret- ‎(“strong; powerful”). Cognate with Low German hard, hart, Dutch hard, English hard, Danish hård.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (standard German) IPA(key): /haʁt/
  • (common, especially in northern and central Germany) IPA(key): /haːt/
  • audio
    		(file)
  • audio (Austria)
    		(file)

Adjective[edit]

hart ‎(comparative härter, superlative am härtesten)

  1. hard
  2. severe, harsh
    • 2012 May 2, Die Welt [1], page 10:
      Die harten Einschnitte zum Schuldenabbau standen in vielen EU-Ländern im Zentrum der Kritik der Demonstranten.‎
      The severe cuts for the reduction of debt were in many EU countries at the center of criticism by the protesters.

Declension[edit]

Positive forms of hart
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter all genders
predicative er ist hart sie ist hart es ist hart sie sind hart
strong declension
(without article)		 nominative harter harte hartes harte
genitive harten harter harten harter
dative hartem harter hartem harten
accusative harten harte hartes harte
weak declension
(with definite article)		 nominative der harte die harte das harte die harten
genitive des harten der harten des harten der harten
dative dem harten der harten dem harten den harten
accusative den harten die harte das harte die harten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		 nominative ein harter eine harte ein hartes (keine) harten
genitive eines harten einer harten eines harten (keiner) harten
dative einem harten einer harten einem harten (keinen) harten
accusative einen harten eine harte ein hartes (keine) harten
Comparative forms of hart
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter all genders
predicative er ist härter sie ist härter es ist härter sie sind härter
strong declension
(without article)		 nominative härterer härtere härteres härtere
genitive härteren härterer härteren härterer
dative härterem härterer härterem härteren
accusative härteren härtere härteres härtere
weak declension
(with definite article)		 nominative der härtere die härtere das härtere die härteren
genitive des härteren der härteren des härteren der härteren
dative dem härteren der härteren dem härteren den härteren
accusative den härteren die härtere das härtere die härteren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		 nominative ein härterer eine härtere ein härteres (keine) härteren
genitive eines härteren einer härteren eines härteren (keiner) härteren
dative einem härteren einer härteren einem härteren (keinen) härteren
accusative einen härteren eine härtere ein härteres (keine) härteren
Superlative forms of hart
number & gender singular plural
masculine feminine neuter all genders
predicative er ist am härtesten sie ist am härtesten es ist am härtesten sie sind am härtesten
strong declension
(without article)		 nominative härtester härteste härtestes härteste
genitive härtesten härtester härtesten härtester
dative härtestem härtester härtestem härtesten
accusative härtesten härteste härtestes härteste
weak declension
(with definite article)		 nominative der härteste die härteste das härteste die härtesten
genitive des härtesten der härtesten des härtesten der härtesten
dative dem härtesten der härtesten dem härtesten den härtesten
accusative den härtesten die härteste das härteste die härtesten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		 nominative ein härtester eine härteste ein härtestes (keine) härtesten
genitive eines härtesten einer härtesten eines härtesten (keiner) härtesten
dative einem härtesten einer härtesten einem härtesten (keinen) härtesten
accusative einen härtesten eine härteste ein härtestes (keine) härtesten

Adverb[edit]

hart

  1. hard
  2. sharply, roughly, severely
  3. close (an (+ dative) to)

External links[edit]

  • hart in Duden online

Icelandic[edit]

Adjective[edit]

hart

  1. neuter nominative and accusative of harður

Irish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowing from English heart.

Noun[edit]

hart m ‎(genitive singular hairt, nominative plural hairt)

  1. (card games) heart

Declension[edit]

Declension of hart

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative hart hairt
Vocative a hairt a harta
Genitive hairt hart
Dative hart hairt

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an hart na hairt
Genitive an hairt na hart
Dative leis an hart

don hart

 leis na hairt

References[edit]

North Frisian[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Frisian herte. Cognates include West Frisian hert.

Noun[edit]

hart n ‎(plural harten)

  1. (Föhr-Amrum, anatomy) heart
    At hart klopet/böget.‎
    My heart is beating.

Old Dutch[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *harduz, whence also Old Saxon hard, Old English heard, Old Frisian herd, Old High German hart, Old Norse harðr. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret- ‎(“strong; powerful”).

Adjective[edit]

hart (comparative hardiro, superlative hardist)

  1. hard

Declension[edit]

Declension of hart
Strong declension
masculine neuter feminine
singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative hart harde hart harde hart hardu
accusative hardan harde hart harde harda hardu
genitive hardis hardro hardis hardro hardro hardrō
dative hardon hardon hardon hardon hardro hardon
Weak declension
masculine neuter feminine
singular plural singular plural singular plural
nominative hardo hardu harda hardu harda hardu
accusative hardin hardin harda hardin hardin hardin
genitive hardin hardno hardin hardno hardin hardno
dative hardin hardon hardin hardon hardin hardon


Descendants[edit]

Old High German[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *harduz, whence also Old Saxon hard, Old Dutch hart, Old English heard, Old Norse harðr, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 ‎(hardus). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret- ‎(“strong; powerful”).

Adjective[edit]

hart

  1. hard

Derived terms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

Polish[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

hart m inan

  1. strength, resilience, fortitude

Usage notes[edit]

On its own, used mainly in the idiom hart ducha. Most of the derived terms are technical and refer to steel hardening.

Declension[edit]

declension of hart
singular
nominative hart
genitive hartu
dative hartowi
accusative hart
instrumental hartem
locative harcie
vocative harcie

Derived terms[edit]

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