rote

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See also: Rote, roté, and Röte

English

Pronunciation

  • Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "RP" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ɹəʊt/
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  • Rhymes: -əʊt

Etymology 1

From Middle English rote, further origin unknown. Likely from the phrase bi (“by”) rote (“heart”), c. 1300. Some have proposed a relationship either with Old French rote/rute (“route”), or Latin rota (“wheel”) (see rotary), but the OED calls both suggestions groundless.

Noun

rote (uncountable)

  1. (Should we delete(+) this sense?) The process of learning or committing something to memory through mechanical repetition, usually by hearing and repeating aloud, often without full attention to comprehension or thought for the meaning.
    • 2009 April 2, Jim Holt, “Got Poetry?”, in New York Times‎[1]:
      But memorize them we did, in big painful chunks, by rote repetition.
    They didn’t have copies of the music for everyone, so most of us had to learn the song by rote.
  2. Mechanical routine; a fixed, habitual, repetitive, or mechanical course of procedure.
    The pastoral scenes from those commercials don’t bear too much resemblance to the rote of daily life on a farm.
    He could perform by rote any of his roles in Shakespeare.
Usage notes
  • Commonly found in the phrase “by rote” and in attributive use: “rote learning”, “rote memorization”, and so on.
  • Often used pejoratively in comparison with “deeper” learning that leads to “understanding”.
Derived terms
Translations
See also

Adjective

rote (comparative more rote, superlative most rote)

  1. By repetition or practice.
    • 2000, Ami Klin with Fred R. Volkmar, Sara S. Sparrow, Asperger syndrome‎, page 316:
      The former may be seen as a more rote form of learning, contrasting with the latter which appears to include "executive" aspects

Verb

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  1. (obsolete) To go out by rotation or succession; to rotate.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Zane Grey to this entry?)
  2. (transitive) To learn or repeat by rote.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Shakespeare to this entry?)

Etymology 2

From Old Norse rót n (“tossing, pitching (of sea)”), perhaps related to rauta (“to roar”).

Noun

rote (uncountable)

  1. (rare) The roar of the surf; the sound of waves breaking on the shore. [from c. 1600]
Translations

Etymology 3

From Middle English rote, from Old French rote, probably of German origin; compare Middle High German rotte, and English crowd (“a kind of violin”).

Noun

rote (plural rotes)

  1. (music) A kind of guitar, the notes of which were produced by a small wheel or wheel-like arrangement; an instrument similar to the hurdy-gurdy.
    • (Can we date this quote by Sir Walter Scott and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)
      extracting mistuned dirges from their harps, crowds, and rotes
  2. Synonym of crowd.

References

  • “rote”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.

Anagrams

French

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Old French rote (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

rote f (plural rotes)

  1. rote (musical instrument)

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

rote

  1. first-person singular present indicative of roter
  2. third-person singular present indicative of roter
  3. first-person singular present subjunctive of roter
  4. third-person singular present subjunctive of roter
  5. second-person singular imperative of roter

Anagrams

German

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈʀoːtə/
  • Audio:(file)

Adjective

rote

  1. inflection of rot:
    1. strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular
    2. strong nominative/accusative plural
    3. weak nominative all-gender singular
    4. weak accusative feminine/neuter singular

Italian

Noun

rote f

  1. plural of rota

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Late Old English rōt, rōte, from Old Norse rót, from Proto-Germanic *wrōts, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds. Doublet of wort (“plant”). See more at English root.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

rote (plural rotes or roten)

  2. The root (submerged part of a plant):
    • c. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “General Prologue”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 1-3:
      Whan that Aprill, with his shoures soote /, The droghte of March hath perced to the roote / And bathed every veyne in swich licour […]
      When that April, with its sweet showers / Has pierced March's drought to the root / And bathed every vein in such fluid […]
    1. A root used as food; a root vegetable or tuber.
    2. A root employed for supposed curative or medical properties.
  3. The foundation or base of a protuberance or extension of the body:
    1. The root of the hair; the part of the hair within the scalp.
    2. The root of the tooth; the part of the tooth within the scalp.
    3. The root of a nail; the part of a nail within the skin.
    4. The base or attached part of an organ or bodily member.
    5. The base or attached part of a swelling or boil.
  4. Something which generates, creates, or emanates something:
    1. The origin of an abstract quality; that which something originally came from.
      • a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “1 Tymothe 6:10”, in Wycliffe's Bible:
        For the rote of alle yuelis is coueytiſe, which ſummen coueitinge erriden fro the feith, and biſettiden hem with many ſorewis.
        And the root of all wrongs is covetousness, which some yearned for and strayed from the faith; they've unleashed many sorrows upon themselves.
    2. A wellspring or exemplar of an abstract quality that which something comes from.
    3. The offspring of a certain individual or nation as a progenitor; a lineage or descent.
      • a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Apocalips 5:5”, in Wycliffe's Bible:
        And oon of the eldre men ſeide to me, Wepe thou not; lo! a lioun of the lynage of Juda, the roote of Dauid, hath ouercomun to opene the book, and to vndon the ſeuene ſeelis of it.
        And one of the elders said to me: "Don't weep. Look, a lion of the people of Judah and the stock of David has arrived to open the book and undo its seven seals."
  5. The foundation of a tall structure (e.g. a trunk, pole, turret)
  6. The (or a key) foundational or core condition, essence or portion of something.
  7. One who descends from another; a member of an individual's lineage or stock.
    • a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Apocalips 21:16”, in Wycliffe's Bible:
      I Jheſus ſente myn aungel, to witneſſe to ȝou theſe thingis in chirchis. Y am the roote and kyn of Dauid, and the ſchynynge morewe ſterre.
      "I, Jesus, sent my angel to deliver all of you these things in churches. I'm the scion and descendant of David and (I'm) the shining morning star."
  8. The base of a peak or mount; the beginning of an elevation.
  9. A protuberance resembling or functioning like a root.
  10. The most inner, central, or deepest part of something.
  11. (rare, astronomy) Data used for astronomical purposes.
  12. (rare, mathematics) A mathematical root.
Descendants
  • English: root
  • Scots: ruit, rute
References

Etymology 2

Unknown.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

rote (uncountable)

  2. Traditional, customary, usual, or habitual behaviour or procedure.
Descendants
References

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Old French rote, from Latin chrotta, borrowed from a Germanic form such as Old High German hruoza, borrowed itself from a Celtic term deriving from Proto-Celtic *krottos; compare Welsh crwth. A doublet of crowde.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

rote (plural rotys)

  2. A musical instrument having strings and similar to a harp.
Descendants
  • English: rote
  • Scots: rote (rare, obsolete)
References

Etymology 4

From Old English rotian.

Verb

rote

  1. Alternative form of roten (“to rot”)

Etymology 5

From rote (“root”) +‎ -en (“verbal ending”).

Verb

rote

  1. Alternative form of roten (“to root”)

Etymology 6

From Old Norse rotinn (“rotten”).

Adjective

rote

  1. Alternative form of roten (“rotten”)

Etymology 7

A back-formation from roten (“to rot”).

Noun

rote

  1. Alternative form of rot

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse róta.

Pronunciation

Verb

rote (present tense roter, past tense rota or rotet, past participle rota or rotet)

  1. to untidy, to make a mess
  2. (slang) to fool around (engage in casual or flirtatious sexual acts)

Derived terms

References

Old French

Noun

rote oblique singular, f (oblique plural rotes, nominative singular rote, nominative plural rotes)

  1. rote (musical instrument)

Descendants

Portuguese

Verb

rote

  1. Template:pt-verb-form-of

Spanish

Verb

rote

  1. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of rotar.
  2. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of rotar.
  3. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of rotar.
  4. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted?) present subjunctive form of rotar.

Swedish

Etymology

Old Swedish rote, cognate with English rout and Latin rutta, ruptus.

Noun

rote c

  1. a district (of a parish or town, for the purpose of fire fighting, road maintenance, mail forwarding, social care, etc.)
  2. a file, a section, a squad, a pair (of soldiers, of aircraft)
    20 rotar
    twenty file
    med utryckta rotar
    four deep
    indelning av rotar!
    squad-number!

Declension

Declension of rote 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative rote roten rotar rotarna
Genitive rotes rotens rotars rotarnas

See also

References

Anagrams

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