View source for 象

{{also|𧰼|像}}
{{character info}}
==Translingual==
{{Han stroke|<big>Stroke order in simplified Chinese</big><br/>[[File:象-bw.png|350px]]}}
{{ja-forms|象|象|象}}

===Alternative forms===
* In {{w|traditional Chinese}}, Japanese {{w|kanji}} and Korean {{w|hanja}}, the middle component of <span style="font-size:large;" lang=zh-hant>象</span> is written {{l|mul|𫩏}} followed by {{l|mul|𧰨}}.
* In {{w|simplified Chinese}} and Vietnamese {{w|History of writing in Vietnam|Nôm}}, the middle component of <span style="font-size:large;" lang=zh-hans>象</span> is written <small>{{l|mul|口}}</small> overlapped by a downward {{l|mul|㇓}} slash and is one stroke less compared to the traditional form. {{attention|mul|If that's true, why can't the bottom half of 象 look more like the Japanese, Korean, AND Vietnamese form of 豕?}} 

===Han character===
{{Han char|rn=152|rad=豕|as=5|asc++=4|sn=12|snc++=11|canj=NAPO|four=27232|ids=⿱⺈⿻口𧰨(GV),⿳⺈𫩏𧰨(HT),⿸⿳⺈𫩏⿹⿱丿㇁⿱丿丿⿺乀丿(JK)}}

====Derived characters====
*{{l|mul|[[像]], [[𩞧]]([[𱄇]]), [[𧬛]], [[𪮱]], [[𢠽]], [[𬂏]], [[𭩈]], [[鐌]], [[𤩪]], [[潒]], [[橡]], [[𦺨]], [[𥣟]], [[𫂤]], [[𢇐]], [[𫮧]], [[嶑]], [[襐]], [[𧝌]], [[𢄵]], [[勨]], [[𨖶]], [[𢐣]], [[𤡸]], [[𬥌]], [[蟓]], [[鱌]]([[𬶲]]), [[䴂]]}}

====References====
{{Han ref|kx=1195.210|dkj=36372|dj=1658.010|hdz=63611.090|uh=8C61}}

==Chinese==
{{zh-forms|ss=⿱⺈𫩏|alt=}}
{{zh-wp|zh:象 (消歧義)|lzh|yue:象 (搞清楚)|gan|hak|cdo:Chiông|nan|wuu}}

===Glyph origin===
{{Han etym}}
{{liushu|p}} - [[pictographic]] representation of an elephant. {{zh-l|⺈}} represents the trunk, {{zh-l|𫩏}} represents the head, and {{zh-l|𧰨|tr=-}} represents the body.

===Etymology 1===
This character is used to represent two semantic fields ‘elephant; tusk’ and ‘to outline; to depict; to delineate; to represent; to resemble; to map’. Both fields are found from the earliest layers of the edited literature onwards, whereas only the first meaning is amply attested in oracle bone inscriptions.

Traditionally, the two senses are treated as related, with the sense of ‘to depict; to resemble’ considered a derivative of the sense of ‘elephant’. The derivation from the ‘elephant’ meaning to the ‘likeness’ meaning is explained in ''[[wikipedia:Han Feizi (book)|Han Feizi]]'' {{etydate|c|221 BCE}}: “Men rarely see living elephants. As they come by the skeleton of a dead elephant, they imagine its living form according to its features. Therefore it comes to pass that whatever people use for imagining the real is called {{lang|zh|象}}.”

Modern etymology studies on Old Chinese have challenged this opinion.

As for the ‘elephant; tusk’ sense, this is a widely used area word in East and Southeast Asia. Literature opinions differ on the origin and immediate relationship of this Chinese word; some (e.g. {{zh-ref|Schuessler, 2007}}) believe the Chinese form is a loanword from a Southern language, since it is unlikely that peoples all over Southeast Asia and the Himalayan foothills would borrow a word from Northern China to denote an indigenous animal. Others believe the direction of borrowing is reversed (i.e. Tai-Kadai borrowing from Chinese), and that Chinese {{lang|zh|象}} should be compared with {{cog|bo|གླང}}, {{m|bo|གླང་ཆེན||elephant}} arising from a common {{inh|zh|sit-pro|*glaŋ||ox, bull; elephant}}, which may ultimately have an Austroasiatic origin ({{zh-ref|Behr, 2004}}). The second viewpoint is supported by the early attestation of this character and the archaeological findings of the historical ranges of elephants. However, Schuessler disputes that second viewpoint and links ST ''*glaŋ'' to {{och-l|犅|ox, bull}}.

See below for a tentative borrowing history of the various forms of this general area word.

====Pronunciation====
{{zh-pron
|m=xiàng
|ma=y
|m-s=xiang4
|dg=щён3
|c=zoeng6
|ca=LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-像.wav
|c-t=diang5
|g=xiong5
|h=pfs=siong;gd=xiong4
|j=xion3
|mb=siōng
|md=chiông
|mn=xm,tp,kh,lk,sx,yl,km,mg,hc,tc:chhiūⁿ/qz,jj,lk:chhiǔⁿ/zz,tn:chhiōⁿ/pn:chhiāuⁿ/xm,tw:siōng/twv:sióng/qz,jj:siǒng/zz:chhiāng
|mn_note=chhiūⁿ/chhiǔⁿ/chhiōⁿ - vernacular; siōng/sióng/siǒng/chhiāng - literary
|mn-t=ciên6/cion6/siang6
|mn-t_note=ciên6 - Chaozhou (“elephant”); cion6 - Shantou (“elephant”); siang6 - other senses
|px=pt:cieo5/xy:ciuⁿ5/pt:syong5/xy:syeng5
|px_note=cieo5/ciuⁿ5 - vernacular; syong5/syeng5 - literary
|w=sh:6zhian
|x=sian4
|mc=y
|oc=y
|cat=n,v,prep
}}

====Definitions====
[[Image:Elephant_near_ndutu.jpg|200px|thumb|right|象 (1)]]
[[Image:Xiangqi_Elephant.png|200px|thumb|right|''([[w:Xiangqi|Chinese Chess]])'' 象 (3)]]
{{head|zh|hanzi}}

# [[elephant]] {{zh-mw|m:頭|m,c,mn:隻}}
#: {{zh-x|幼 象|young elephant}}
#* {{zh-x|來 獻 其 琛：元-龜 象-齒、大-賂 南-金。|They will come presenting their precious things: the large tortoises and their '''elephants'''’ teeth, and great contributions of the southern metals.|ref=Shijing}}
# [[ivory]]; [[tusk]]
#: {{syn|zh|象牙}}
#: {{zh-x|象床|ivory-decorated bed}}
#* {{zh-x|玉 之 瑱 也、象 之 揥{tì} 也。|There are her ear-ornaments of jade, her comb-pin of '''ivory'''.|ref=Shijing}}
# {{lb|zh|Chinese chess}} [[elephant]]: [[🩩]] (on the black side) {{zh-mw|c:隻}}
#: {{syn|zh|相}}
# {{lb|zh|chess}} [[bishop]]
# [[symbol]]; [[emblem]]
#: {{zh-x|象徵|symbol}}
# [[appearance]]; [[shape]]; [[phenomenon]]
#: {{zh-x|天象| celestial phenomenon}}
#: {{zh-x|現象|phenomenon}}
#: {{zh-x|景象|scene}}
# {{lb|zh|TCM}} [[complexion]]
#: {{zh-x|病象|disease signs and symptoms}}
# [[image]]; [[picture]]; [[portrait]]
#: {{zh-also|像}}
# [[sign]]; [[indication]]
# {{lb|zh|obsolete}} [[law]]; [[legislation]]
# {{lb|zh|obsolete}} [[principle]]
# {{lb|zh|obsolete}} [[calendar]]
# {{lb|zh|literary}} to [[imitate]]; to [[follow]] the example of
#: {{zh-x|象形|pictogram}}
#: {{zh-x|象聲詞|onomatopoeia}}
# {{lb|zh|literary}} to [[trace]]; to [[outline]]; to [[depict]]
# to [[resemble]]
#: {{zh-also|像}}
# {{lb|zh|historical}} government [[official]] that translates southern [[language]]s
# {{zh-div|郡}} {{lb|zh|historical}} [[Xiang]], a [[commandery]] of [[Han]] [[China]]
# {{surname|zh}}

=====Synonyms=====
* {{sense|elephant}}
{{zh-dial|大象}}
* {{sense|like}}
{{syn-saurus|zh|好像}}

=====Coordinate terms=====
* {{list:Chinese chess pieces/zh}}

====Compounds====
{{col3|zh|亂象|人心不足蛇吞象|假象|刻板印象|加深印象|包羅萬象|印度象|印象|合眼摸象|四象|圖象|大象|大笨象|天象|好象|對象|屬象|幻象|形象|徵象|想象|成象|找對象|抽象|摸象|星象|景象|正象|氣象|海象|猛獁象|現象|生命徵象|生命跡象|病象|症象|盲人摸象|真象|眾盲摸象|瞎子摸象|萬象|約會對象|脈象|自然現象|藏象|血象|表象|象山|象州|象州縣|象形|象形字|象形文字|象徵|象徵主義|象徵性|象戲|象拔蚌|象棋|象棋賽|象樣|象海豹|象牙|象牙之塔|象牙塔|象牙寶塔|象牙海岸|象牙質|象眼兒|象箸玉杯|象聲詞|象話|象限|象鼻山|象鼻蟲|象齒焚身|跡象|長毛象|非洲象|得意忘象|忘象得意|乾象|意象派|意象主義|意象|怪象|形象藝術|形象化|喜劇形象|巴蛇食象|凝血現象|太陰之象|太平氣象|天象儀|卦象|印象主義|印象派|印象批評|劍齒象|具象|巴蛇吞象|白象之國|椿象|毛象|法象|抽象畫|曆象表|燧象|抽象主義|玄象|拽象拖犀|氣象臺|抽象派|比象|氣象衛星|社會現象|森羅萬象|拔犀擢象|毛細現象|憑虛構象|萬象森羅|萬象包羅|畫象磚|爻象|氣象萬千|氣象潮|氣象學|渡河香象|萬象更新|漁業氣象|氣象一新|無可比象|抽象名詞|新氣象|氣象雷達|武象|盲人說象|畫象|法天象地|旱象|曆象|象闕|退化現象|象意|觀象|香象絕流|象腳鼓|象紋|象車|豆象|象外|緯象|象恭|象人|針孔現象|象窯|競合現象|象物|象傳|象事|緣椿象|綠椿象|西洋象棋|胎象|米象|馴象|龍象|象皮紙|角肩椿象|香象渡河|象數|象床|聖嬰現象|象瑱|象櫛|虹吸現象|象辭|象郡|羅袍象簡|象牙貝|象服|超以象外|險象環生|縣象|險象|象揥|象牙婚|象鳥|觀象臺|象簡|象龜|象限儀|象聲|象管|象皮病|象牙雕|象牙木|象板|象度|象山學派|象笏|象刑|襆頭象簡|象賢|象箸|蛇吞象|象舞|鑄鼎象物|象神|死象|飛象過河|石象|象雄<t:Zhangzhung>}}

====Descendants====
{{CJKV||ぞう|j2=しょう|상|tượng}}
''Others'':
* {{desc|bor=1|trk-cmn|*yaŋan}}
** {{desc|bor=1|oui|tr=yaŋa}}
*** {{desc|bor=1|ybe|jaŋan}}
* {{desc|bor=1|xbo|-|unc=1}}<ref>{{cite-book|authorlink=Alexander Vovin|last=Vovin|first=Alexander|year=2011|title=First and second person singular pronouns: a pillar or a pillory of the ‘Altaic’ hypothesis?|url=https://www.academia.edu/4195140/First_and_second_person_singular_pronouns_a_pillar_or_a_pillory_of_the_Altaic_hypothesis|pages=271–272}}</ref>
** {{desc|bor=1|cv|сӑлан|unc=1}}
** {{desc|bor=1|sla-pro|*slonъ|unc=1}}
* {{desc|bor=1|xal|зан}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mn|заан}}
* {{desc|bor=1|tai-pro|*ɟaːŋꟲ|t=elephant}}
** {{desc|lo|ຊ້າງ}}
** {{desc|khb|ᦋᦱᧂᧉ}}
** {{desc|nod|ᨩ᩶ᩣ᩠ᨦ|tr=cang}}
** {{desc|skb|ซาง}}
** {{desc|shn|ၸၢင်ႉ}}
** {{desc|blt|ꪋ꫁ꪱꪉ}}
** {{desc|tdd|ᥓᥣᥒᥳ}}
** {{desc|th|ช้าง}}
** {{desc|tbq-lob-pro|*tsaŋ|t=elephant|bor=1}}
*** {{desc|my|ဆင်}}
*** → Proto-Monic: *''ciiŋ'' ("elephant")
**** {{desc|mnw|စိၚ်|tr=coiŋ}}
* {{desc|bor=1|mkh-vie-pro|*ʔa-ɟaːŋ|t=elephant}}

===Etymology 2===
{{zh-see|像|fs}}

====Usage notes====
* {{lang|zh|象}} was the official simplified form of {{l|zh|像}} only until 1986.

===See also===
{{table:chess pieces/zh}}

===References===
<references/>
* {{thcwd|9059}}

{{cat|cmn|Elementary Mandarin}}
{{C|zh|Elephants|Mammals}}

==Japanese==

===Kanji===
{{ja-kanji|grade=4|rs=豕05|kyu=𧰼}}

====Readings====
{{ja-readings
|goon=ぞう<ざう
|kanon=しょう<しやう
|kun=かたち-, かたど-る, のり-, きさ-
|nanori=かた, たか
}}

===Etymology 1===
<div style="float:right;">
{{wikipedia|lang=ja}}
{{wikipedia|Elephant}}
[[File:Elephas_maximus_(Bandipur).jpg|thumb|250px|{{lang|ja|象}} (''zō'', ''kisa''): an Asian '''[[elephant]]'''.]]
</div>
{{ja-kanjitab|ぞう|yomi=goon}}

{{IPAchar|/zau/}} → {{IPAchar|/zɔː/}} → {{IPAchar|/zoː/}}

From {{der|ja|ltc|sort=そう'|象|tr=zjang<sup>X</sup>||elephant; image, resemblance}}. Compare modern {{cog|yue|-}} reading ''zoeng<sup>6</sup>''.

The [[呉音#Japanese|goon]] reading, so likely the initial borrowing.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|ぞう|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR,NHK}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|count=頭|ぞう|ゾウ|hhira=ざう}}

# [[elephant]]

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top}}
* {{ja-r|アジア象|アジアぞう}}: [[Asian elephant]]
* {{ja-r|アフリカ象|アフリカぞう}}: [[African elephant]]
* {{ja-r|インド象|インドぞう}}: [[Indian elephant]]
* {{ja-r|象嵌|ぞうがん}}, {{ja-r|象眼|ぞうがん}}: [[inlay]]
* {{ja-r|象牙|ぞうげ}}: [[ivory]]
* {{ja-r|象牙の塔|ぞうげのとう}}: [[ivory]] [[tower]]
{{der-bottom}}

===Etymology 2===
{{ja-kanjitab|しょう|yomi=kanon}}

{{IPAchar|/sjau/}} → {{IPAchar|/sjɔː/}} → {{IPAchar|/ɕɔː/}} → {{IPAchar|/ɕoː/}}

From {{der|ja|ltc|sort=しょう|象|tr=zjang<sup>X</sup>||elephant; image, resemblance}}. Compare modern {{cog|nan|-}} reading ''siōng'' or {{cog|cmn|-}} ''xiàng''.

The [[漢音#Japanese|kan'on]] reading, so likely a later borrowing.

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|しょう|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|しょう|hhira=しやう}}

# [[likeness]], [[appearance]]

=====Derived terms=====
{{der-top}}
* {{ja-r|象形|しょうけい}}: [[hieroglyphics]]
* {{ja-r|象徴|しょうちょう}}: [[symbol]]
* {{ja-r|抽象|ちゅうしょう}}: [[abstraction]]
{{der-bottom}}

===Etymology 3===
{{ja-kanjitab|きさ|yomi=k}}

From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=きさ|-}}. Cognate with {{m|ja|橒|tr=kisa||wood grain}}, from the way that [[ivory]] also has a [[grain]].<ref name="KDJ">{{R:Kokugo Dai Jiten}}</ref>

====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|きさ}}

====Noun====
{{ja-noun|きさ}}

# {{lb|ja|obsolete|sort=きさ}} [[elephant]]
#* {{RQ:Wamyō Ruijushō|7|52|passage=象 [...] '''岐佐''' [...] 獣名、似水牛、大耳、長鼻、眼細、牙長者也|translation=Elephant, [...] '''kisa''' a kind of beast, looks like water buffalo, having big ears, long nose, slender eyes and long teeth}}
#* {{RQ:Utsubo Monogatari|Toshikage|passage=それより西を行ケば、虎狼ひと山さワぐ所有り。'''キサ'''出デてその山をこしつ。|t=When he went west from there, there was a place where tigers and monkeys clamoured on a mountain. '''Elephants''' had set out and crossed that mountain}}

===References===
<references />
:* {{R:Utsubo Monogatari 1}}
:* {{R:Wamyō Ruijushō}}

{{C|ja|Elephants|sort=そう'}}

==Korean==

===Etymology===
From {{der|ko|ltc|-}} {{ltc-l|象}}. {{hanja-hunmong|샤ᇰ〮|syang|獸畜#상18A}}

===Hanja===
{{ko-hanja-search}}
{{ko-hanja|코끼리|상}}

# {{hanja form of|상|[[elephant]]}}
# {{hanja form of|상|[[shape]]; [[figure]]; [[appearance]]}}

====Compounds====
{{der-top3|Compounds}}
* {{ko-l|대상|對象}}
* {{ko-l|현상|現象}}
* {{ko-l|상징|象徵}}
* {{ko-l|기상|氣象}}
* {{ko-l|가상|假象}}
* {{ko-l|만상|萬象}}
* {{ko-l|인상|印象}}
* {{ko-l|추상|抽象}}
* {{ko-l|표상|表象}}
* {{ko-l|심상|心象}}
* {{ko-l|형상|形象}}
* {{ko-l|상형|象形}}
* {{ko-l|구상|具象}}
* {{ko-l|상아|象牙}}
* {{ko-l|사상|事象}}
{{der-bottom}}

===References===
* {{R:hanjadoc|11983}}

==Vietnamese==

===Han character===
{{vi-readings|reading=tượng|rs=豕05}}

# (in compounds) [[elephant]]
# a [[xiangqi]] [[piece]] which represents an [[elephant]]
# [[shape]]; [[scene]]