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U+971C, 霜
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-971C

[U+971B]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+971D]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 173, +9, 17 strokes, cangjie input 一月木月山 (MBDBU), four-corner 10963, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1376, character 29
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42363
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1885, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4070, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+971C

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #
2nd round simp. ⿱⿻丅⿱冖⿰丶丶双
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *sraŋ) : semantic (rain) + phonetic (OC *slaŋ, *slaŋs).

Etymology

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From (OC *ɡ·raŋ) with an s- (nominalizer) prefix (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • sng - colloquial;
  • song - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (21)
Final () (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter srjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʃɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʃiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʃiɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʂɨaŋ/
Li
Rong
/ʃiaŋ/
Wang
Li
/ʃĭaŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʂi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shuāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
song1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shuāng
Middle
Chinese
‹ srjang ›
Old
Chinese
/*[s]raŋ/
English hoar-frost

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 13587
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*sraŋ/

Definitions

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  1. frost
  2. frost-like powder
  3. (medicine) cream
    防曬防晒  ―  fángshàishuāng  ―  sunscreen
  4. (literary, figurative) white
  5. (Southern Min) ice

Synonyms

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  • (ice):

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Vietnamese: sương ()

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

  1. frost
  2. years
  3. white as snow, cold as ice, harsh as snow

Readings

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  • Go-on: しょう (shō)しやう (syau, historical)
  • Kan-on: そう (, Jōyō)さう (sau, historical)
  • Kun: しも (shimo, , Jōyō)

Compounds

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Etymology

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Kanji in this term
しも
Grade: S
kun'yomi

⟨simo₁⟩/simo//ɕimo/

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Harima Fudoki of 715 CE,[1] in turn from Proto-Japonic *simo.

Thought to be cognate with or derived from (⟨simo1 → shimo, bottom, lower part).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(しも) (shimo

  1. frost (ice crystals in objects exposed to the air)
    Synonym: フロスト (furosuto)
  2. (by extension) ice adhered inside an electric refrigerator
  3. (figurative) white hair

Derived terms

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Idioms

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Proverbs

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Proper noun

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(しも) (Shimo

  1. a surname

References

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  1. ^ ”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC srjang). Recorded as Middle Korean 사ᇰ (sang) (Yale: sang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 서리 (seori sang))

  1. hanja form? of (frost)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: sương

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.