折

See also: 摺

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

折 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 手竹一中 (QHML), four-corner 5202₁, composition ⿰扌斤)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 422, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11890
• Dae Jaweon: page 770, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1838, character 7
• Unihan data for U+6298

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 折
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (折) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
晢	*ʔljeds, *ʔljed
狾	*ʔljeds
誓	*ɦljeds
逝	*ɦljeds
銴	*ɢljeds, *ɢʷleds
折	*l'eːl, *ʔljed, *ɦljed
娎	*hleːws, *qʰred
哳	*ʔr'eːd
踅	*sɢʷled
哲	*ʔl'ed
蜇	*ʔl'ed
悊	*ʔl'ed
嚞	*ted
喆	*ted
硩	*l̥ʰed, *l̥ʰeːɡ
浙	*ʔljed
晣	*ʔljed
焎	*hred

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		折

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsjat (“to cut off; to sever; to break”).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhé (zhe²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄜˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zit³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chak
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chi̍h / chek / chiat

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zih⁸ / zih⁴

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhé
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhé
    • Wade–Giles: chê²
    • Yale: jé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jer
    • Palladius: чжэ (čžɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zit³
    • Yale: jit
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzit⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: jid³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːt̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chak
    • Hakka Romanization System: zag`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: zag⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sak̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi̍h / chek / chiat
    • Tâi-lô: tsi̍h / tsik / tsiat
    • Phofsit Daibuun: cih, zeg, ciad
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siʔ⁴/, /t͡siɪk̚³²/, /t͡siɛt̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siʔ²⁴/, /t͡siɪk̚⁵/, /t͡siɛt̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siʔ¹²¹/, /t͡siɪk̚³²/, /t͡siɛt̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡siʔ⁴/, /t͡siɪk̚³²/, /t͡siɛt̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siʔ⁴/, /t͡siɪk̚³²/, /t͡siɛt̚³²/

Note:

• chi̍h, chek - vernacular;
• chiat - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: zih⁸ / zih⁴
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsi̍h / tsih
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siʔ⁴/, /t͡siʔ²/

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• Middle Chinese: tsyet

Rime
Character	折
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	薛 (81)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	旨熱切
Baxter	tsyet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciat̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛt̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhe
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zit3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tet/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ʔljed/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	折
Reading #	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhé
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyet ›
Old Chinese	/*tet/
English	bend; break (v.t.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	折
Reading #	2/3
No.	16947
Phonetic component	折
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	晢
Old Chinese	/*ʔljed/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 折

1. to break off; to snap; to pluck off
2. to bend
3. to lose
4. to die (young)
5. to admire; to be convinced
6. to trade; to exchange
7. to censure; to blame
8. discount

   打九折  ―  dǎ jiǔ zhé  ―  ten percent off (or discount to ninety percent of the original price)

9. difficulty; obstacle
10. Classifier for folds.
11. Classifier for theatrical scenes.
12. (Chinese calligraphy) a change in direction of a stroke (such as in ㇕, ㇉, or ㇜)
13. a surname

Coordinate terms

• (basic character strokes) 點／点 (diǎn), 橫／横, 豎／竖 (shù), 提, 捺 (nà), 撇, 折, 鉤／钩 (gōu), 彎／弯 (wān), 斜

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhē (zhe¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄜ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zit³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhē
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄜ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhe
    • Wade–Giles: chê¹
    • Yale: jē
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: je
    • Palladius: чжэ (čžɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zit³
    • Yale: jit
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzit⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: jid³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːt̚³/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 折

1. to turn over; to flip
2. to pour out; to tip something out

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shé (she²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄜˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sit⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shé
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shé
    • Wade–Giles: shê²
    • Yale: shé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sher
    • Palladius: шэ (šɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sit⁶
    • Yale: siht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sit⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: xid⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːt̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: dzyet

Rime
Character	折
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	薛 (81)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	常列切
Baxter	dzyet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑiat̚/
Li Rong	/ʑiɛt̚/
Wang Li	/ʑĭɛt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shé
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sit6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-tet/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljed/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	折
Reading #	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shé
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyet ›
Old Chinese	/*N-tet/
English	bend (v.i.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	折
Reading #	3/3
No.	16951
Phonetic component	折
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	折
Old Chinese	/*ɦljed/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 折

1. to break
2. to be at a (financial) loss

Pronunciation 4

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tí (ti²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tí
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tí
    • Wade–Giles: tʻi²
    • Yale: tí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyi
    • Palladius: ти (ti)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: dej

Rime
Character	折
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	杜奚切
Baxter	dej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dei/
Pan Wuyun	/dei/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛj/
Li Rong	/dei/
Wang Li	/diei/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱiei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tai4

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*l'eːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	折
Reading #	1/3
No.	16937
Phonetic component	折
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	嗁
Old Chinese	/*l'eːl/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 折

1. Only used in 折折.

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 折 – see 摺 (“to destroy; to fold; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 摺).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 折 – see 翼 (“wing; wing; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 翼).

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

折

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. fold

Readings

• Go-on: せち (sechi)
• Kan-on: せつ (setsu, Jōyō)
• Kun: おる (oru, 折る, Jōyō)^{←をる (woru, 折る, historical)}; おり (ori, 折, Jōyō); おれる (oreru, 折れる, Jōyō)^{←をれる (woreru, 折れる, historical)}; くじく (kujiku, 折く)

Compounds

• 折紙(おりがみ) (origami)

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Korean

Hanja

折 • (jeol, je) (hangeul 절, 제, revised jeol, je, McCune–Reischauer chŏl, che, Yale cel, cey)

1. To fold

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Vietnamese

Han character

折: Hán Việt readings: chiết (之(chi)列(liệt)切(thiết)), triếp, triệp
折: Nôm readings: chết, giết, chẹt, chiết, chét, xít, chệch, chịt, nhét, nhít, siết, xiết, chích, chít, dít, gãy, gẩy, giẹp, quạt, trét

1. Template:Nom form of
2. Template:Nom form of