谷

See also: 穀

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

谷 (Kangxi radical 150, 谷+0, 7 strokes, cangjie input 金人口 (COR), four-corner 8060₈, composition ⿳八人口)

1. Kangxi radical #150, ⾕.

Derived characters

• Index:Chinese radical/谷
• 俗 浴 容 欲 卻 裕

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1189, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36182
• Dae Jaweon: page 1652, character 19
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3902, character 1
• Unihan data for U+8C37

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 谷
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (谷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
螸	*lo
裕	*loɡs
容	*loŋ
溶	*loŋ, *loŋʔ
鎔	*loŋ
蓉	*loŋ
傛	*loŋ, *loŋʔ
褣	*loŋ
搈	*loŋ
瑢	*loŋ
嵱	*loŋ
熔	*loŋ
榕	*loŋ
塎	*loŋʔ
谷	*ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ
唂	*kloːɡ
焀	*ɡloːɡ
俗	*ljoɡ
欲	*loɡ
浴	*loɡ
鵒	*loɡ
峪	*ɦkloːɡ
鋊	*loɡ
輍	*loɡ
慾	*loɡ

Pictogram (象形) — valley (口) in between two mountains.

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		谷

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (“river; gorge”). Cognate with Tibetan ལྗོངས (ljongs), Tibetan ཀླུང (klung) and Tibetan ལུང་པ (lung pa).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǔ (gu³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): guk¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kuk
• Eastern Min (BUC): gók
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kok

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gog⁴

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁷koq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gǔ
    • Wade–Giles: ku³
    • Yale: gǔ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guu
    • Palladius: гу (gu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: guk¹
    • Yale: gūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: guk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: gug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊk̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kuk
    • Hakka Romanization System: gug`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /kuk̚²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gók
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kouʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kok
    • Tâi-lô: kok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kog
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kɔk̚³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔk̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gog⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kok
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kok̚²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁷koq
    • MiniDict: koh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴koq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koʔ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: kuwk

Rime
Character	谷
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古禄切
Baxter	kuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəwk̚/
Li Rong	/kuk̚/
Wang Li	/kuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	guk1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qˤok/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kloːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	谷
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ kuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qˁok/
English	valley
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	谷
Reading #	2/3
No.	4299
Phonetic component	谷
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	穀
Old Chinese	/*kloːɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 谷

1. valley; gorge; ravine
2. mountain stream
3. (figurative) difficult position; predicament
4. a surname

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		谷

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yù (yu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): juk⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yù
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yù
    • Wade–Giles: yü⁴
    • Yale: yù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuh
    • Palladius: юй (juj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: juk⁶
    • Yale: yuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: juk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊk̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: yowk

Rime
Character	谷
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	燭 (8)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	余蜀切
Baxter	yowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/jiok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/iok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juawk̚/
Li Rong	/iok̚/
Wang Li	/jĭwok̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯wok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	juk6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·loːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	谷
Reading #	3/3
No.	4310
Phonetic component	谷
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	欲
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·loːɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 谷

1. Only used in 吐谷渾／吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún, “Tuyuhun: name of an ancient nomadic people in northwestern China”).

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		谷

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lù (lu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): luk⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lù
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lù
    • Wade–Giles: lu⁴
    • Yale: lù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luh
    • Palladius: лу (lu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: luk⁶
    • Yale: luhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: luk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lʊk̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: luwk

Rime
Character	谷
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	盧谷切
Baxter	luwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/luk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/luk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/luk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ləwk̚/
Li Rong	/luk̚/
Wang Li	/luk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/luk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	luk6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɦkroːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	谷
Reading #	1/3
No.	4298
Phonetic component	谷
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	禄
Old Chinese	/*ɦkroːɡ/
Notes	見史記

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 谷

1. Only used in 谷蠡 (lùlí, “title for Xiongnu officials”).

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 谷 – see 穀 (“corn; grain; cereal; foxtail millet, the plant or the unhulled grain); etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 穀).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

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Japanese

Kanji

谷

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. valley
2. lowland, plain

Readings

From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC kuwk, “valley, gorge”):

• Go-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
• Kun: たに (tani, 谷, Jōyō); きわまる (kiwamaru, 谷まる)^{←きはまる (kifamaru, 谷まる, historical)}; や (ya, 谷); やつ (yatsu, 谷)
• Nanori: ひろ (hiro)

From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC yowk), as in 吐谷渾 (Toyokukon, “Tuyuhun”):

• Go-on: よく (yoku)
• Kan-on: よく (yoku)

From Middle Chinese 谷 (MC luwk), as in 谷蠡 (Rokuri):

• Go-on: ろく (roku)
• Kan-on: ろく (roku)

Compounds

Compounds

• 谷(こく)風(ふう) (kokufū)
• 峡(きょう)谷(こく) (kyōkoku)
• 空(くう)谷(こく) (kūkoku)
• 渓(けい)谷(こく), 谿(けい)谷(こく) (keikoku)
• 幽(ゆう)谷(こく) (yūkoku)
• 蟀谷(こめかみ) (komekami)
• 吐(と)谷(よく)渾(こん) (Toyokukon)
• 長谷(はせ) (Hase)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
谷
たに Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese.

Alternative forms

• 渓, 谿

Noun

谷(たに) • (tani) 

1. a valley (elongated depression between hills or mountains)
2. a trough (low portion of a wave cycle)
3. an intersection of two receding roof slopes

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 谷(たに)間(あい), 谷(たに)あい (taniai)
• 谷(たに)風(かぜ) (tanikaze)
• 谷(たに)川(かわ) (Tanikawa)
• 谷(たに)川(がわ) (tanigawa)
• 谷(たに)底(そこ) (tanisoko)
• 谷(たに)間(ま) (tanima)

Proper noun

谷(たに) or 谷(proper) • (tani or proper) [[Category:Japanese
|たに]]

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
谷
やつ Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Possibly from Ainu [Term?].

Alternative forms

• 谷津

Noun

谷(やつ) • (yatsu) 

1. a low-lying wetland
2. a valley

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 谷(やつ)谷(やつ), 谷(やつ)々(やつ) (yatsuyatsu)
• 谷(やつ)七(しち)郷(ごう) (Yatsu Shichigō)
• 谷(やつ)田(だ) (yatsuda)
• 扇(おうぎ)ヶ谷(やつ) (Ōgigayatsu)
• 葛(か)西(さい)ヶ谷(やつ) (Kasaigayatsu)
• 亀(かめ)ヶ谷(やつ) (Kamegayatsu)
• 桐(きり)ヶ谷(やつ) (Kirigayatsu)
• 月影(つき)ヶ谷(げヶやつ) (Tsukikagegayatsu)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
谷
や Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Possibly a shift from yatsu above.

Noun

谷(や) • (ya) 

1. a valley

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 谷(や)倉(ぐら) (yagura)
• 谷地(やち), 野地(やち) (yachi)
• 谷津(やつ) (Yatsu)
• 谷(や)中(なか) (Yanaka)
• 市(いち)ヶ谷(や) (Ichigaya)
• 岩(いわ)谷(や), 巖(いわ)谷(や) (Iwaya)
• 越(こしが)谷(や) (Koshigaya)
• 指(さし)ヶ谷(や) (Sashigaya)
• 世田谷(せたがや) (Setagaya)
• 雑司(ぞうし)ヶ谷(や) (Zōshigaya)
• 鳩(はと)ヶ谷(や) (Hatogaya)
• 深谷(ふかや) (Fukaya)
• 保土(ほど)ヶ谷(や) (Hodogaya)
• 程(ほど)ヶ谷(や) (Hodogaya)
• 四谷(よつや) (Yotsuya)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
谷
やち Grade: 2
irregular

Variant shift from yatsu above.

Alternative forms

• 谷地, 野地

Noun

谷(やち) • (yachi) 

1. (regional) Same as やつ (yatsu) above

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
谷
やと Grade: 2
irregular

Another variant shift from yatsu above.

Alternative forms

• 谷戸

Noun

谷(やと) • (yato) 

1. Same as やつ (yatsu) above

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
谷
Grade: 2
irregular

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms

• 迫

Noun

谷(さこ) • (sako) 

1. (regional, especially Kansai) a small valley

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Korean

Hanja

谷 • (gok, yok) (hangeul 곡, 욕, revised gok, yok, McCune–Reischauer kok, yok, Yale kok, yok)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 谷 (cốc, góc, hốc)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.