關

See also: 関 and 关

Translingual

Traditional	關
Shinjitai	関
Simplified	关

Han character

關 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 日弓女戈廿 (ANVIT), four-corner 7777₂, composition ⿵門𢇇)

Derived characters

• 𡅭, 𡤡, 𢺄, 𣠸

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1341, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41470
• Dae Jaweon: page 1845, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4316, character 10
• Unihan data for U+95DC

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Chinese

trad.		關
simp.		关*
alternative forms		関 𨶚 𢇅 𬮦 Singapore simp.

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (卵) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
卵	*ɡ·roːlʔ, *ɡ·roːnʔ
關	*kroːn
関	*kroːn
聯	*ɡ·ron

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kroːn) : semantic 門 (“door”) + phonetic 𢇅 () – to stop the door from opening with a wooden stick.

The bronze inscription was in the form of 門 (“door”) + 卝 (“door closed”). 卝 might also serve as a phonetic component.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): guān (guan¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гуан (guan, I)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaan¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kôan
• Eastern Min (BUC): guŏng / guăng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): koaiⁿ / kuiⁿ / koaⁿ / koan

  (Teochew, Peng'im): guên¹ / guêng¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹kue

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guān
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guan
    • Wade–Giles: kuan¹
    • Yale: gwān
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guan
    • Palladius: гуань (guanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯än⁵⁵/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуан (guan, I)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuæ̃²⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gwaan¹
    • Yale: gwāan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwaan¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: guan¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷaːn⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kôan
    • Hakka Romanization System: guan´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: guan¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ku̯an²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: guŏng / guăng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kuoŋ⁵⁵/, /kuaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• guŏng - vernacular;
• guăng - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koaiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kuainn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvoay
    • IPA (Xiamen, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung): /kuãi⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Taipei, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kuiⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kuinn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvuy
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /kuĩ³³/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kinmen): /kuĩ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kuann
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvoaf
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuã⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koan
    • Tâi-lô: kuan
    • Phofsit Daibuun: koafn
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuan⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kuan³³/

Note:

• koaiⁿ/kuiⁿ/koaⁿ - vernacular;
• koan - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: guên¹ / guêng¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kueⁿ / kueng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kũẽ³³/, /kueŋ³³/

Note:

• guên1 - vernacular;
• guêng1 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹kue
    • MiniDict: kue^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kue
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kue⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: kwaen

Rime
Character	關
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古還切
Baxter	kwaen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠuan/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚan/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwaɨn/
Li Rong	/kuan/
Wang Li	/kwan/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwan/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwaan1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤro[n]/, /*kˤro[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kroːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	關	關	關
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guān	guān	guān
Middle Chinese	‹ kwæn ›	‹ kwæn ›	‹ kwæn ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁro[n]/	/*[k]ˁro[n]/	/*kˁro[n]/
English	barrier	關關 kwæn.kwæn [bird’s cry]	間關 sound of a chariot"s linchpin (Ode 218.1)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	關
Reading #	1/1
No.	8640
Phonetic component	卵
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	關
Old Chinese	/*kroːn/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 關

1. to close; to shut

   Template:zh-ant

   關窗子／关窗子  ―  guān chuāngzi  ―  close the window

   • 他在聖誕節時關了店鋪。 [MSC, trad.]
     他在圣诞节时关了店铺。 [MSC, simp.]

     Tā zài shèngdànjié shí guān le diànpū. [Pinyin]

     He shut up his shop at Christmas.

2. to lock up; to detain

   • 那囚犯被關在單人牢房內。 [MSC, trad.]
     那囚犯被关在单人牢房内。 [MSC, simp.]

     Nà qiúfàn bèi guān zài dānrén láofáng nèi. [Pinyin]

     The prisoner was locked in a cell.

3. to turn off; to switch off

   關電燈／关电灯  ―  guān diàndēng  ―  to switch the light off

4. to concern; to implicate; to relate to

   這不關我的事。／这不关我的事。  ―  Zhè bù guān wǒ de shì.  ―  It does not concern me.

5. frontier pass
6. (video games) Short for 關卡／关卡 (guānqiǎ, “level”).
7. relation (family/contacts)
8. a surname

Synonyms

• (Cantonese, Hakka) 閂／闩 (shuān)

Compounds

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (關):

• → Japanese: 関(かん) (kan)
• → Korean: 관(關) (gwan)
• → Vietnamese: quan (關)

Further reading

• “Entry #12935”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	関
Kyūjitai	關

Kanji

關

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 関)

1. Kyūjitai form of 関

Readings

• Go-on: けん (ken)^{←けん (ken, historical)←くゑん (kwen, ancient)}
• On: かん (kan)^{←くわん (kwan, historical)}
• Kun: かかわる (kakawaru, 關わる)^{←かかはる (kakafaru, 關はる, historical)}; せき (seki, 關)
• Nanori: とおる (tōru)^{←とほる (toforu, historical)}

Proper noun

Kanji in this term
關
せき Hyōgaiji
kun'yomi

關(せき) • (Seki) 

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Korean

Hanja

關 • (gwan, wan) (hangeul 관, 완)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

關: Hán Nôm readings: quan

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.