雄
Translingual
Han character
雄 (Kangxi radical 172, 隹+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 大戈人土 (KIOG), four-corner 40014, composition ⿰厷隹)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1365, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41972
- Dae Jaweon: page 1869, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4093, character 3
- Unihan data for U+96C4
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
雄 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 䧺 厷 second round simplified |
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ɡʷɯŋ) : phonetic 厷 (OC *kʷɯːŋ) + semantic 隹.
Etymology
Possibly from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *gaŋ (“penis, male”) (STEDT), cognate with Karbi chò-kàng (“penis”), Garo ri-gong (“penis”), Lepcha [script needed] (sun̊-gan̊, “penis”), Pattani gàŋ mì (“male”).
However, Zev Handel doubts the Old Chinese word's cognate status, as "OC labialized initial plus schwa vocalism would normally correspond to a rounded vowel in PTB".
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hung4
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hiùng
- Northern Min (KCR): hê̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): hṳ̀ng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 6yon
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: syóng
- Wade–Giles: hsiung2
- Yale: syúng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyong
- Palladius: сюн (sjun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hung4
- Yale: hùhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: hung4
- Guangdong Romanization: hung4
- Sinological IPA (key): /hʊŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiùng
- Hakka Romanization System: hiungˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: hiung2
- Sinological IPA: /hi̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hê̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /xœyŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hṳ̀ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /hyŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- hiông - literary;
- hêng/hîn - vernacular.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hiong5 / hêng5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiông / hêng
- Sinological IPA (key): /hioŋ⁵⁵/, /heŋ⁵⁵/
- hiong5 - literary;
- hêng5 - vernacular.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 雄 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ɕyŋ³⁵/ |
Harbin | /ɕyŋ²⁴/ /ɕyŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /ɕyŋ⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /ɕyŋ⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /ɕiŋ⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ɕyuŋ⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /ɕyŋ²⁴/ | |
Xining | /ɕyə̃²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ɕyŋ⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ɕỹn⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ɕyŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /ɕioŋ²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /ɕyoŋ³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /ɕioŋ²¹/ | |
Kunming | /ɕiŋ³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ɕioŋ²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕyəŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /ɕyŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /ɕỹŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɦioŋ²³/ |
Suzhou | /ɦioŋ¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɦioŋ²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /joŋ³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ɕyʌ̃⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /ɕin⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ɕioŋ¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /ɕin¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ɕiuŋ⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /hiuŋ¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /hioŋ¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hoŋ²¹/ |
Nanning | /huŋ²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /huŋ²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hiɔŋ³⁵/ /hiŋ³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hyŋ⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xœyŋ²¹/ /xœyŋ³³/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /hioŋ⁵⁵/ /heŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /hiɔŋ³¹/ /hiaŋ³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: hjuwng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷəŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷɯŋ/
Definitions
Usage notes
- Commonly used for animals to mean “male” in academic contexts, less commonly used in non-academic contexts (use 公 instead), and not used for humans (use 男 instead). For example:
Antonyms
- 雌 (cí, “female”)
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: う (u); ゆ (yu)
- Kan-on: ゆう (yū, Jōyō)
- Kun: お (o, 雄, Jōyō); おす (osu, 雄, Jōyō)
- Nanori: かつ (katsu); たけ (take); つよし (tsuyoshi); ゆ (yu); よう (yō)
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
雄 |
ゆう Grade: S |
on’yomi |
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 雄 (hjuwng, “male”).
Pronunciation
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Noun
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
雄 |
お Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
/wo/ → /o/
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Japanese. Persists in compounds, such as the first element o- in the modern Japanese term 男 (otoko, “man”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
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Alternative forms
Noun
- (obsolete in isolation) man, male
- 711–712, Kojiki, 上巻 [Kamitsumaki]:
- 汝こそは遠にいませば
- na koso wa o ni imaseba
- As you yourself be male / a man...
- 汝こそは遠にいませば
- (obsolete) husband
- 711–712, Kojiki, 上巻 [Kamitsumaki]:
- 吾はもよ女にしあれば汝を除て男は無し汝を除て夫は無し
- wa wa moyo me ni shiareba na o kite o wa nashi na o kite tsuma wa nashi
- As I am a woman, without you, there are no husbands. Without you, there are no wives...
- 吾はもよ女にしあれば汝を除て男は無し汝を除て夫は無し
- something large, powerful, or otherwise masculine
- 雄叫び/雄滝/大夫
- otakebi/odaki/masurao
- a war cry / the larger of two waterfalls / manliness
- 雄叫び/雄滝/大夫
- yang (as opposed to yin)
- 女男、陰陽
- meo, meo
- yin-yang (two different kanji spellings, same reading and derivation)
- 女男、陰陽
Usage notes
- Not used in isolation in modern Japanese.
Derived terms
- 雄臼 (ousu): in a traditional Japanese stone or wooden mill or grinder, the bottom of the two pieces, two which the drive shaft is attached
- 雄鹿 (ojika): a buck, a male deer
- 雄滝 (odaki): the larger of two waterfalls
- 雄叫び (otakebi): a war cry
- 男 (otoko): man
- 夫 (otto): husband
- 雄花 (obana): a male flower
- 須佐之男 (Susanō): Susanoo, the male god of storms
- 益荒男, 丈夫, 大夫 (masurao): manliness
- 女男, 陰陽 (meo): yin-yang
Antonyms
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
雄 |
おす Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
/wosu/ → /osu/
Compound of 雄 (o, “male”) + す (su), but the derivation of the su element is unknown.
Pronunciation
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Alternative forms
Noun
Usage notes
- This is the most common reading of this term in modern Japanese when used as a standalone noun.
- Only used to refer to non-human male organisms.
- As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as オス.
Synonyms
Antonyms
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
---|
雄 |
おん Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
/won/ → /on/
Compound of 雄 (o, “male”) + ん (n). The latter -n element might be a contraction of the possessive particle の (no).
Pronunciation
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Alternative forms
Noun
Usage notes
- Not used in isolation in modern Japanese.
Derived terms
References
Korean
Hanja
雄 • (ung) (hangeul 웅, revised ung, McCune–Reischauer ung, Yale wung)
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.
Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 雄 (Hùng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading たけ
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