-ok
Abenaki
Suffix
-ok
- A suffix used to form the plurals of some animate words.
- agaskw (“woodchuck”) → agask(w)ok (“woodchucks”)
Usage notes
- Used to form the plurals of many words ending in w (which it may suppress), and of some other words (which likely ended in w at an earlier stage of the language).
- See the usage notes at -ak.
Basque
Suffix
-ok
- Absolutive and ergative proximal plural suffix.
Usage notes
- There are two uses for this suffix:
- The inflection is similar to that of -ak, but replacing -e- by -o-.
Declension
Further reading
- “plural hurbila (-ok)”, in Euskara Batuaren Eskuliburua [Handbook of Standard Basque], Euskaltzaindia, 2023
Hungarian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
-o- (linking vowel) + -k (plural suffix)
Suffix
-ok
Usage notes
- (plural suffix) Variants:
- -k is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -ak is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- -ok is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- -ek is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- -ök is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
- Note that the plural form is not used after definite and indefinite numerals in Hungarian: három könyv (“three books”), néhány óra múlva (“in a few hours’ time”). There are very few (traditional, archaic) exceptions, including háromkirályok (“the Three Magi”), mindenszentek (“All Saints”), and certain archaic phrases with összes (“all”) and minden (“every”) (see their Usage notes).
- The regular plural suffix for back-vowel adjectives is -ak, for example okosak (“smart/clever ones”). On the other hand, ethnonyms take -ok (e.g. olaszok (“Italians”), see the back-vowel terms in their category), as well as some other adjectives, including privative (“…-less”) ones (formed with -talan, -atlan, or -tlan). Rounded front-vowel adjectives normally take -ek, for example zöldek (“green ones”), except for demonyms (see rounded front-vowel terms in their category).
- If a word can be both a noun and an adjective, the form of its ending gives information about its function, e.g. játékosok (“players”, noun) and játékosak (“playful”, adjective as part of a plural predicate). The same distinction also exists with words with rounded front vowels, e.g. ismerős: ismerősök (“acquaintances”, noun) and ismerősek (“familiar”, adjective as part of a plural predicate).
Etymology 2
-o- (linking vowel) + -k (personal suffix)
Suffix
-ok
- (personal suffix) Used to form the first-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
Usage notes
Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes
Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | |||
én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
-ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm | |
te | 2nd person singular | -sz | ||
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | ||
after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl | |
ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | – | ||
-ik verbs | -ik | |||
mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | |
ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök | |
ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | |
after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek | ||
See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. |
- (personal suffix) Variants:
See also
Middle English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old English -oc, -uc, from Proto-West Germanic *-uk, from Proto-Germanic *-ukaz. More at -ock.
Suffix
-ok
- suffix forming diminutives of nouns
Descendants
- English: -ock
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Old Norse vaka, vǫku (“wake, vigil”). Doublet of vake and vòke.
Suffix
-ok m
Derived terms
References
- “-ok” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Polish
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ok m
Declension
Inanimate
Declension of -ok
Animate
Declension of -ok
Derived terms
Further reading
- -ok in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- -ok in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Serbo-Croatian
Suffix
-ok (Cyrillic spelling -ок)
- Suffix appended to the present stem of verbs to form an adjective denoting a feature or a dimension.
See also
Slovak
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ъkъ.
Suffix
-ok m
- Used to form masculine nouns.
Derived terms
Categories:
- Abenaki lemmas
- Abenaki suffixes
- Basque lemmas
- Basque suffixes
- Basque inflectional suffixes
- Basque terms with usage examples
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ok
- Rhymes:Hungarian/ok/1 syllable
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian terms with usage examples
- Hungarian terms with multiple lemma etymologies
- Hungarian terms with multiple morpheme etymologies
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English suffixes
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk doublets
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk suffixes
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine suffixes
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔk
- Rhymes:Polish/ɔk/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish suffixes
- Polish masculine suffixes
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian suffixes
- Slovak terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovak lemmas
- Slovak suffixes
- Slovak masculine suffixes