an-
English
Etymology 1
From Middle English an-, from Old English an-, on- (“on-”), from Proto-Germanic *ana- (“on”). More at on.
Alternative forms
Prefix
an-
Etymology 2
From Ancient Greek ἀν- (an-).
Prefix
an-
- not; used to make words that have a sense opposite to the word (or stem) to which the prefix is attached. Used with stems that begin with vowels and "h".
Derived terms
Related terms
See also
Anagrams
Aromanian
Prefix
an-
- Alternative form of ãn-
Classical Nahuatl
Alternative forms
Prefix
an-
Dutch
Etymology
From Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter "sc" should be a valid script code; the value "polytonic" is not valid. See WT:LOS. (Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter "sc" should be a valid script code; the value "polytonic" is not valid. See WT:LOS. immediately preceding a vowel).
Pronunciation
Prefix
an-
Derived terms
French
Pronunciation
Prefix
an-
Derived terms
German
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *ana. Compare English on-.
Pronunciation
Prefix
Synonyms
- (up): hoch-
Antonyms
Derived terms
See also
Ido
Etymology
From an (“at, on”).
Prefix
an-
Derived terms
Irish
Etymology 1
From Old Irish an-, from Proto-Celtic *an-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.
Alternative forms
- ana- (form used before consonants in Munster)
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Munster" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ˈɑn̪ˠ/
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Aran" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ˈɑːn/
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Connemara" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ˈan̪ˠ/
Prefix
an-
- (with adjectives, always spelled with a hyphen) very
- (with adjectives) over-, excessively, intensely
- (with nouns) great, excessive
Usage notes
- Triggers lenition (except of d, s, and t):
- In some dialects (e.g. Aran), it also changes s to ts:
- In Munster, this form is used only before a vowel; before a consonant the variant ana- is used.
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Old Irish an-, in-, from Proto-Celtic *an-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.
Alternative forms
- ain- (used before slender vowels and consonants)
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Munster" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ˈɑn̪ˠ/
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Aran" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ˈɑn/
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Connemara" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ˈan̪ˠ/
Prefix
an- (usually spelled without a hyphen)
Derived terms
Mutation
Irish mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
an- | n-an- | han- | t-an- |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “an-”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 27
- Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “an”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 27
- Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 16
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “an-”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Luxembourgish
Etymology
From the preposition an, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Germanic *in. Compare German ein-, English in-.
Pronunciation
Prefix
an-
- in- (indicates physical or metaphorical motion into something)
Usage notes
- When attached to a verb stem beginning with a consonant sound other than /d/, /h/, /n/, /t/ or /t͡s/, the prefix becomes a- as a result of the Eifeler Regel.
Antonyms
Derived terms
Malagasy
Prefix
an-
- prefix element of an- -ana
See also
Middle Welsh
Etymology
From Proto-Brythonic *an-, from Proto-Celtic *an-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.
Prefix
an-
Derived terms
Descendants
- Welsh: an-
Old English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From ān (“one”).
Pronunciation
Prefix
ān-
Old French
Prefix
an-
- Alternative form of en-
Usage notes
- Particularly common in the works of Chrétien de Troyes.
Old Irish
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *an-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.
Prefix
an-
Usage notes
Before c, the suffix becomes é-.
Derived terms
Descendants
Pali
Alternative forms
Prefix
an-
- Alternative form of a- used before words beginning with vowels
Derived terms
References
- Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “an-”, in Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead
Pipil
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "Standard" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /an/
Prefix
an-
- (personal) you, second-person plural subject marker.
- Antekitit tik ne mil?
- Do you work at the cornfield?
Usage notes
- Before a vowel, an- changes to anh-. The digraph ⟨nh⟩ is pronounced as [ŋ]. Example:
- Anhajsiket peyna.
- You came early.
See also
Scottish Gaelic
Alternative forms
Prefix
an-
Derived terms
Related terms
Prefix
an-
Derived terms
Swedish
Etymology
From the Old Swedish and- meaning “against/towards”.
Prefix
an-
Derived terms
Anagrams
Welsh
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle Welsh an-, from Proto-Brythonic *an-, from Proto-Celtic *an-, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥-.[1]
Prefix
an-
Usage notes
Triggers the nasal mutation, sometimes with accompanying euphonic or orthographic adjustments.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Celtic *ande- or *ando-
Prefix
an-
- intensive prefix
- in-
Derived terms
References
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “an-”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- English terms inherited from Middle English
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- Welsh lemmas
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