wika

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *wikā, from Proto-Germanic *wikǭ (“turn, succession, change, week”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyg-, *weyk- (“to bend, wind, turn, yield”). Related to Proto-Germanic *wīkaną (“to bend, yield, cease”).

Noun

wika f

1. week

Descendants

• Middle Low German: wēke
  • German Low German: Week
  • Plautdietsch: Wäakj

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya)

  (file)

Verb

-wika (infinitive kuwika)

1. to crow

Conjugation

Conjugation of -wika
Positive present -nawika Subjunctive -wike Negative -wiki Imperative singular wika
Infinitives
Positive kuwika Negative kutowika
Imperatives
Singular wika Plural wikeni
Tensed forms
Habitual huwika Positive past positive subject concord + -liwika Negative past negative subject concord + -kuwika
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nawika) Singular Plural 1st person ninawika/nawika tunawika 2nd person unawika mnawika 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anawika wanawika other classes positive subject concord + -nawika
Negative present (negative subject concord + -wiki) Singular Plural 1st person siwiki hatuwiki 2nd person huwiki hamuwiki 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hawiki hawawiki other classes negative subject concord + -wiki
Positive future positive subject concord + -tawika Negative future negative subject concord + -tawika
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -wike) Singular Plural 1st person niwike tuwike 2nd person uwike muwike 3rd person m-wa(I/II) awike wawike other classes positive subject concord + -wike
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -siwike Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngewika Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singewika Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngaliwika Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singaliwika
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -awika) Singular Plural 1st person nawika twawika 2nd person wawika mwawika 3rd person m-wa(I/II) awika wawika m-mi(III/IV) wawika yawika ji-ma(V/VI) lawika yawika ki-vi(VII/VIII) chawika vyawika n(IX/X) yawika zawika u(XI) wawika see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwawika pa(XVI) pawika mu(XVIII) mwawika
Perfect positive subject concord + -mewika "Already" positive subject concord + -meshawika "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jawika "If/When" positive subject concord + -kiwika "If not" positive subject concord + -sipowika Consecutive kawika / positive subject concord + -kawika Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kawike
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -niwika -tuwika 2nd person -kuwika -wawika/-kuwikeni/-wawikeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -muwika -wawika m-mi(III/IV) -uwika -iwika ji-ma(V/VI) -liwika -yawika ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kiwika -viwika n(IX/X) -iwika -ziwika u(XI) -uwika see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuwika pa(XVI) -pawika mu(XVIII) -muwika Reflexive -jiwika
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -wika- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -wikaye -wikao m-mi(III/IV) -wikao -wikayo ji-ma(V/VI) -wikalo -wikayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -wikacho -wikavyo n(IX/X) -wikayo -wikazo u(XI) -wikao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -wikako pa(XVI) -wikapo mu(XVIII) -wikamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -wika) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yewika -owika m-mi(III/IV) -owika -yowika ji-ma(V/VI) -lowika -yowika ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chowika -vyowika n(IX/X) -yowika -zowika u(XI) -owika see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kowika pa(XVI) -powika mu(XVIII) -mowika
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Tagalog

Alternative forms

• 'ka, 'ika, ika, 'eka, eka — clipping
• uica, vica, vyca — obsolete, Spanish-based orthography

Etymology

Said to be borrowed from Sanskrit, possibilities are:

• Sanskrit जिह्विका (jihvikā​), feminine of जिह्वक (jihvaka​, “tongue”), derived from जिह्वा (jihvā́, “tongue”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s and a possible doublet of lengguwahe. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)
• Sanskrit वाक (vāka, “sounding; speaking; chattering; murmuring”) or Sanskrit वाक्य (vākya, “speech; saying; assertion; statement; command; words”), according to Juan Francisco (1963, 1973). Related to basa.
• Sanskrit विवेक (viveka, “consideration; discussion; investigation”), according to Pardo de Tavera (1887).

Compare also Malay beka.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈwikaʔ/, [ˈwi.xɐʔ]
• Hyphenation: wi‧ka

Noun

wikà (Baybayin spelling ᜏᜒᜃ)

1. (linguistics) language

   Synonyms: lengguwahe, salita, lengguwa, (Marinduque) ergo

   Ang wika ng mga Amerikano ― The language of the Americans

   Ang wikang Tagalog ― The Tagalog language

2. utterance; statement

   Synonyms: sabi, sinabi

3. (by extension) insult

   Synonyms: insulto, lait, upasala, alipusta, paglait, pag-alipusta, pag-upasala, paghamak

4. (obsolete) belief; thinking

   Synonym: akala

   Wika ko'y malayo pa ay narito na tayo. ― My thoughts are it's still far but we're already here.

   Maiging wika iyan. ― That's a good thought.

Derived terms

• 'ika nga
• 'ka mo
• agham-wika
• agwika
• anang
• ani
• aniko
• anila
• animo
• aniya
• dalubwika
• dalubwikaan
• dalubwikain
• gawang-wika
• inang wika
• ipagwika
• kariktang wika
• katagang wika
• kawikaan
• magwika
• magwika-wika
• mangwika
• mapagwika
• mapagwika
• mawika
• mawikain
• pagwika
• pagwikaan
• pagwikaan
• pagwikain
• palasariwikaan
• palawika
• palawikaan
• palawikain
• palawikainan
• pinagwikaan
• salawikain
• sariwika
• sawikain
• wika-wika
• wikaan
• wikain
• wikang banyaga
• wikang dayuhan
• wikang kompromiso
• wikang pambansa
• wikang pampanitikan
• wikang panturo
• wikang prangka
• wikang-tao

 

Related terms

• wikawik

 

See also

• diyalekto

 

Further reading

• “wika”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
• Francisco, Juan R. (January 1963), chapter 1, in Indian Influences In The Philippines With Special Reference To Language And Literature (PhD)‎^[1], University of Madras, page 57
• Pilipinas, Philippine Studies Committee, Southeast Asia Council, Association for Asian Studies, 2004, page 110
• Pardo de Tavera, Trinidad Hermenegildo (1887) El sanscrito en la lengua tagalog, la Faculté de médecine, A. Davy, page 54
• Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves‎^[2] (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
• San Buena Ventura, Fr. Pedro de (1613) Juan de Silva, editor, Vocabulario de lengua tagala: El romance castellano puesto primero‎^[3], La Noble Villa de Pila
  • page 339: “Hablar) Vyca (pp) [alguna] coſa”
  • page 386: “Lengua) Vica (pp) qualquiera que ſea de qualquier naçion, pero diferençianla anſi”
  • page 460: “Palabra) Vyca (pp) cualquiera [que ſea]”
  • page 475: “Penſar) Vyca (pp) algo”
  • page 509: “Raçon) Vyca (pp) queſe diçe hablando”