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U+707D, 災
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-707D

[U+707C]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+707E]
災 U+2F918, 災
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F918
灊
[U+2F917]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 灷
[U+2F919]

Translingual

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Han character

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Stroke order
7 strokes

(Kangxi radical 86, +3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女女火 (VVF), four-corner 22809, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 666, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18879
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1075, character 23
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2190, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+707D

Chinese

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trad. ///*
simp.
alternative forms

Glyph origin

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Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : (flowing water) + (fire) – two main types of disaster, fire (conflagration) and flowing water (flooding).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsa-t ~ dza-t (hot, fever, hurt, ill, temper); cognate with (OC *ʔsrɯ, *ʔsɯː, *ʔsɯː) "field cleared by slash and burn" (STEDT), which is its r-causative (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • che/cher - vernacular;
  • chai - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡sai⁵⁵/
Harbin /t͡sai⁴⁴/
Tianjin /t͡sai²¹/
Jinan /t͡sɛ²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡sɛ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /t͡sai²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡sai²¹/
Xining /t͡sɛ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡sɛ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /t͡sɛ³¹/
Ürümqi /t͡sai⁴⁴/
Wuhan /t͡sai⁵⁵/
Chengdu /t͡sai⁵⁵/
Guiyang /t͡sai⁵⁵/
Kunming /t͡sæ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /t͡sae³¹/
Hefei /t͡se̞²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sai¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sæ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sɛ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /t͡se⁵³/
Suzhou /t͡se̞⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡se̞³³/
Wenzhou /t͡se³³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sɛ³¹/
Tunxi /t͡sə¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sai³³/
Xiangtan /t͡sai³³/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sai⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sai⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /t͡sɑi²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sɔi⁵³/
Nanning /t͡sɔi⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sɔi⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sai⁵⁵/
/t͡se⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡sai⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡suɛ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sai³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡sai²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (13)
Final () (41)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter tsoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sʌi/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡səi/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡sɒi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡səj/
Li
Rong
/t͡sᴀi/
Wang
Li
/t͡sɒi/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡sɑ̆i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
zāi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zoi1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
zāi
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsoj ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ts]ˁə/
English calamity

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 16487
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ʔslɯː/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. (literary, or in compounds) calamity; disaster; catastrophe
  2. (literary, or in compounds) personal misfortune
  3. (literary, or in compounds) stricken; disaster-affected; disaster-afflicted

Synonyms

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  • (calamity):
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Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
さい
Grade: 5
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC tsoj, “calamity”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(さい) (sai

  1. an act of God, a disaster, a calamity
Usage notes
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  • Seldom used on its own. Most often used in compounds.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
わざわい
Grade: 5
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
災い

/wazapapi//wazaɸaɸi//wazawahi//wazawai/

From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of (わざ) (waza, deed, doings), in reference to the doings of the (かみ) (kami, gods, spirits) + () (hai, spreading widely, literally crawling).[1] Compare the etymology of (さきわい) (sakiwai, good fortune). Compare also the connotations of the English term act of God in reference to disasters.

Often spelled (わざわ) (wazawai) with the trailing okurigana (i) to make the reading more explicit.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(わざわい) (wazawaiわざはひ (wazafafi)?

  1. an act of God, a disaster, a calamity
Idioms
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References

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  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 재앙 (jaeang jae))

  1. hanja form? of (disaster)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: tai

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.