燕

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See also: 鷰
燕 U+71D5, 燕
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71D5
← 燔
[U+71D4] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 燖 →
[U+71D6]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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燕 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 廿中心火 (TLPF), four-corner 44331, composition ⿳廿⿴北口灬)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 683, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19429
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1095, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2239, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+71D5

Chinese

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trad. 燕
simp. # 燕
2nd round simp. 𱍥
alternative forms 鷰／燕
觾

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 燕
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (燕) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
燕 *qeːn, *qeːns
驠 *qeːn, *qeːns
嬿 *qeːnʔ, *qeːns
鷰 *qeːns
醼 *qeːns
讌 *qeːns
嚥 *qeːns
酀 *qeːns

Pictogram (象形) – a swallow.

Etymology 1

[edit]

Possibly related to 鳦 (OC *qriːd, *qrid) (Wang, 1982). Some have connected it with 咽 (OC *qiːns, “to swallow”), but it is unlikely to be related (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • jin3 - “swallow”;
  • jin3-2 - “shuttlecock”.
Note:
  • yen4 - “swallow”;
  • yen1 - “shuttlecock”.
Note:
  • ìⁿ - vernacular;
  • iàn - literary.
Note:
  • in3 - vernacular;
  • iang3/iêng3 - literary (iêng3 - Chaozhou).
Rime
Character 燕
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 先 (85)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 於甸切
Baxter 'enH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔenH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔenH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔɛnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔɛnH/
Li
Rong 		/ʔenH/
Wang
Li 		/ienH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔienH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jin3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 燕
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔenH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔˁe[n]-s/
English swallow (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 燕
Reading # 2/2
No. 14443
Phonetic
component 		燕
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		宴
Old
Chinese 		/*qeːns/

Definitions

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燕

  1. swallow (family Hirundinidae) or swift (family Apodidae)
  2. (dialectal) shuttlecock used in jianzi
    Alternative form: 毽
Usage notes
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To distinguish the two families of birds, swifts are also called 雨燕 (yǔyàn).

Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 燕子 (“swallow (bird)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 燕, 玄鳥
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 燕子
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 小燕兒, 燕子
Taiwan 燕子
Harbin 燕子
Singapore 燕子
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 燕子
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 燕兒
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 燕子, 小燕兒
Wanrong 燕兒
Xi'an 燕子, 小燕子, 燕兒, 小燕兒
Xuzhou 小燕兒, 小燕子, 燕子
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 燕雞子, 燕雞兒, 燕雞雞
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 燕嘰子
Ürümqi 燕雞子
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 燕子
Wuhan 燕子
Guiyang 燕子
Liuzhou 燕子, 燕子鳥
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 燕子, 小燕子
Yangzhou 燕子
Hefei 燕子, 小燕子
Cantonese Guangzhou 燕子
Hong Kong 燕子
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 燕子
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 燕子
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 燕仔
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 燕子
Macau 燕
Guangzhou (Panyu) 燕子
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 燕子
Guangzhou (Conghua) 燕子仔
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 燕子
Foshan 燕子
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 燕
Foshan (Shunde) 燕
Foshan (Sanshui) 燕子
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 燕
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 燕
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 燕子
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 燕子
Zhuhai (Doumen) 燕子
Jiangmen (Baisha) 燕子
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 燕子
Taishan 燕子
Kaiping (Chikan) 燕子
Enping (Niujiang) 燕子
Heshan (Yayao) 燕子
Dongguan 燕仔
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 燕仔
Yangjiang 燕子, 燕雀
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 燕子
Gan Nanchang 燕子
Lichuan 燕兒
Pingxiang 燕子
Hakka Meixian 燕仔
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 燕
Dongguan (Qingxi) 燕仔
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 燕仔
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 燕仔
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 燕仔
Yudu 燕子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 燕仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 燕仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 燕仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 燕
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 燕仔, 燕
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 燕
Hong Kong 燕仔
Senai (Huiyang) 燕仔
Huizhou Jixi 燕
Jin Taiyuan 燕子, 小燕兒, 燕兒
Xinzhou 燕兒
Northern Min Jian'ou 燕仔
Eastern Min Fuzhou 燕, 燕鳥
Southern Min Xiamen 燕仔
Quanzhou 燕仔
Jinjiang 燕仔
Zhangzhou 燕仔
Zhao'an 燕仔
Taipei 燕仔
New Taipei (Sanxia) 燕仔
Kaohsiung 燕仔
Yilan 燕仔鳥
Changhua (Lukang) 燕仔
Taichung 燕仔
Tainan 燕仔
Hsinchu 燕仔
Kinmen 烏燕仔
Penghu (Magong) 燕仔
Chaozhou 燕鳥
Jieyang 燕鳥, 燕
Bangkok (Teochew) 燕子
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 燕鳥
Leizhou 燕鳥
Haikou 燕鳥
Puxian Min Putian 燕鳥
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 燕鳥
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 燕鳥
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 燕鳥
Xianyou 燕鳥
Xianyou (Fengting) 燕鳥
Xianyou (Youyang) 燕鳥
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 燕鳥
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 燕子
Wu Shanghai 燕子
Shanghai (Chongming) 燕子
Suzhou 燕子
Danyang 燕子
Hangzhou 燕子
Ningbo 燕子
Wenzhou 燕兒
Jinhua 燕, 子燕
Xiang Changsha 燕子
Loudi 燕子
Shuangfeng 燕子
Dialectal synonyms of 毽子 (“shuttlecock used in jianzi”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 毽子
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 毽子, 毽兒
Taiwan 毽子
Chengde 毽子, 毽兒
Chifeng 毽子, 毽兒
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 毽兒
Heihe 毽子
Qiqihar 毽子
Harbin 毽子
Jiamusi 毽兒
Baicheng 毽子, 毽兒
Changchun 毽兒
Tonghua 毽子
Shenyang 毽子, 毽球兒
Jinzhou 毽子, 毽兒
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 翹兒
Tangshan 毽兒
Cangzhou 毽子, 毽兒
Baoding 毽兒
Shijiazhuang 毽兒
Jinan 毽子
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 毽兒
Dandong 毽子, 毽兒
Yantai 毽兒
Yantai (Muping) 毽兒
Qingdao 毽兒
Zhucheng 毽子
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 毽兒
Lingbao 毽子
Jining 毽子
Wanrong 毽子
Linfen 雞毛毽子
Shangqiu 毽子, 毽兒
Yuanyang 毽兒
Zhengzhou 毽兒
Xinyang 毽子
Baihe 毽兒
Xi'an 毽子
Baoji 毽子
Tianshui 毽子
Xining 毽子
Xuzhou 毛毽兒, 毽子
Fuyang 毽子
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 毽子
Lanzhou 毽子
Dunhuang 毽子
Hami 毽子
Ürümqi 毽子
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 毽兒, 雞毛毽兒
Nanchong 毽子
Dazhou 毽兒
Hanyuan 毽子
Xichang 毽兒
Zigong 毽兒
Chongqing 毽兒
Wuhan 毽垛, 毽兜
Yichang 毽子, 毽兜
Xiangyang 毽, 毽兜兒
Tianmen 毽子
Guiyang 毽, 毽子
Zunyi 毽子, 毽兒
Bijie 毽子
Liping 毽子
Zhaotong 毽子
Dali 毽子
Kunming 毽子
Mengzi 雞毛毽兒
Guilin 燕子
Liuzhou 毽子
Jishou 燕兒
Changde 毽兒
Hanzhong 毽子, 毽
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 毽子, 毽兒
Yangzhou 毽子
Lianyungang 毽子
Lianshui 毽子
Nantong 毽子
Anqing 毽子
Wuhu 毽子
Hefei 毽子
Hong'an 毽
Cantonese Guangzhou 燕
Hong Kong 燕
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 燕
Macau 燕
Guangzhou (Panyu) 燕
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 燕
Guangzhou (Conghua) 燕
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 燕
Foshan 燕
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 燕
Foshan (Shunde) 燕
Foshan (Sanshui) 燕
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 燕子
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 燕
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 燕
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 燕
Zhuhai (Doumen) 燕子
Jiangmen (Baisha) 皮燕
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 燕子
Taishan 雞毛燕
Kaiping (Chikan) 雞毛燕
Enping (Niujiang) 雞毛燕
Heshan (Yayao) 燕子
Dongguan 燕
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 燕
Gan Nanchang 燕子
Lichuan 燕兒
Pingxiang 燕坨
Hakka Meixian 燕仔
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 燕
Dongguan (Qingxi) 燕仔
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 燕仔
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 燕
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 雞毛燕
Yudu 燕子
Huizhou Jixi 毽
Shexian 毽
Jin Taiyuan 毽子
Yangyuan 毽子, 毽兒
Datong 毛兒
Xinzhou 毛兒
Lüliang (Lishi) 毽毽
Changzhi 毽子
Linhe 毛兒毽子
Jining 毽子
Hohhot 毽子
Erenhot 毽子
Pingshan 毽子, 毽兒
Zhangjiakou 毽子
Handan 毽子
Linzhou 毽兒
Suide 毽子
Northern Min Jian'ou 球
Eastern Min Fuzhou 毽
Southern Min Xiamen 毽
Tainan 毽子
Shantou 毽
Haikou 毽子
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 燕
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 燕子
Wu Shanghai 毽子
Shanghai (Chongming) 毽子
Suzhou 毽子
Danyang 毽子
Hangzhou 毽子
Ningbo 燕子
Wenzhou 毽子
Jinhua 毽兒, 球
Xiang Changsha 燕子, 毽子

Compounds

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Descendants

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  • → Proto-Tai: *ʔeːnᴮ

Etymology 2

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • iang1 - Shantou;
  • iêng3 - Chaozhou.
    Rime
    Character 燕
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 影 (34)
    Final (韻) 先 (85)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 烏前切
    Baxter 'en
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʔen/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʔen/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʔɛn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʔɛn/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʔen/
    Wang
    Li         		/ien/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʔien/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jin1
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 燕
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 14440
    Phonetic
    component         		燕
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		煙
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qeːn/

    Definitions

    [edit]

    燕

    1. (historical) Yan, an ancient march, duchy, and kingdom of northeastern China during the Zhou dynasty
    2. (historical) the four Yan kingdoms of the Sixteen Kingdoms
    3. northern Hebei
    4. a surname

    Compounds

    [edit]

    Descendants

    [edit]

    Etymology 3

    [edit]

    Pronunciation

    [edit]
    Rime
    Character 燕
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 影 (34)
    Final (韻) 先 (85)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 於甸切
    Baxter 'enH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʔenH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʔenH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʔɛnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʔɛnH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʔenH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ienH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʔienH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jin3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 燕
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ʔenH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ʔˁe[n]-s/
    English feast

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 燕
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 14443
    Phonetic
    component         		燕
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		宴
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qeːns/

    Definitions

    [edit]

    燕

    1. (obsolete) Alternative form of 宴 (yàn, “to feast”)

    Japanese

    [edit]

    Kanji

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    燕

    (Jinmeiyō kanji)

    1. swallow

    Readings

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]
    Kanji in this term
    燕
    つばくらめ
    Jinmeiyō
    kun'yomi

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    燕(つばくらめ) • (tsubakurame) 

    1. a swallow (bird)

    Etymology 2

    [edit]
    Kanji in this term
    燕
    つばめ
    Jinmeiyō
    kun'yomi
     ツバメ on Japanese Wikipedia
    Wikispecies has information on:

    Wikispecies

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    燕(つばめ) or 燕(ツバメ) • (tsubame) 

    1. a barn swallow
    Usage notes
    [edit]

    As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ツバメ.

    Derived terms
    [edit]

    Etymology 3

    [edit]
    Kanji in this term
    燕
    つばめ
    Jinmeiyō
    kun'yomi
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Proper noun

    [edit]

    燕(つばめ) • (Tsubame) 

    1. Tsubame (a city in Niigata Prefecture, Japan)

    References

    [edit]
    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
    3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

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    Hanja

    [edit]

    燕 (eum 연 (yeon))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese

    [edit]

    Han character

    [edit]

    燕: Hán Nôm readings: yến, én, yên, nhạn, hiên

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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