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See also: and 𮊸
U+7FD2, 習
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7FD2

[U+7FD1]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7FD3]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 124, +5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 尸一竹日 (SMHA), four-corner 17602, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 956, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28672
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1402, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3345, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+7FD2

Chinese

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trad.
simp.
alternative forms 𮊸

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : (wings) + (sun) – to learn to fly, to practice flying.

In the current form, (, “sun”) has changed to (bái, “white”), so the present form is (wings) + (white).

Alternatively, the original form may have been a phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ljub) : phonetic (OC *sɢʷeds, *ɢʷeds, *sɢʷids) + semantic (sun).

Etymology

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Two general semantic fields are found in the senses: "to flap the wings; to flutter" and "to practice". They are generally considered to be the same word, with the link being "to repeatedly flap the wings (in order to learn to fly)", a sense attested in Liji.

Area word:

Pronunciation

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Note: zap6 - rare.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ɕi³⁵/
Harbin /ɕi²⁴/
Tianjin /ɕi⁴⁵/
Jinan /ɕi⁴²/
Qingdao /si⁴²/
Zhengzhou /si⁴²/
Xi'an /ɕi²⁴/
Xining /ɕji²⁴/
Yinchuan /ɕi¹³/
Lanzhou /ɕi¹³/
Ürümqi /ɕi²¹³/
Wuhan /ɕi²¹³/
Chengdu /ɕi³¹/
Guiyang /ɕi²¹/
Kunming /ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /siʔ⁵/
Hefei /ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /ɕiəʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ɕiʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ʑiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ziəʔ³/
Hangzhou /d͡ʑiəʔ²/
Wenzhou /zai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰi²²/
Tunxi /t͡sʰe¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /si²⁴/
Xiangtan /si²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /ɕiʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sip̚⁵/
Taoyuan /sip̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sap̚²/
Nanning /t͡sɐp̚²²/
Hong Kong /t͡sap̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sip̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /siʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /si²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /sip̚⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /t͡sip̚³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (17)
Final () (141)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter zip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ziɪp̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/zip̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/zjep̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/zip̚/
Li
Rong
/ziəp̚/
Wang
Li
/zĭĕp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/zi̯əp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
zap6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ zip ›
Old
Chinese
/*s-ɢʷəp/ (with root *ɢʷəp ‘wing’?)
English repeat; practice

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 13387
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ljub/

Definitions

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  1. (obsolete) to flap (the wings); to flutter; to repeatedly flap the wings
  2. to practice; to exercise; to review
      ―  liàn  ―  to practice
  3. to study; to learn
      ―    ―  to learn martial arts
      ―    ―  to study by oneself
  4. to become familiar with; to be used to
    以為常以为常  ―  yǐwéicháng  ―  to be used to something
    水性水性  ―  shuǐxìng  ―  to not know how to swim
  5. habit; custom
      ―  guàn  ―  habit; custom
      ―  lòu  ―  bad habit
  6. (literary, obsolete) trusted follower
  7. often; frequently
      ―  jiàn  ―  to frequently see (something)
  8. a surname
      ―  Jìnpíng  ―  Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (しゅう) (shū)
  • Korean: 습(習) (seup)
  • Vietnamese: tập ()

Others:

References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai
Kyūjitai
[1]

習󠄁
+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
習󠄃
+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. learn

Readings

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Compounds

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References

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  1. ^ ”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 익힐 (ikhil seup))

  1. hanja form? of (practice)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: tập, chập, dập, giặp, tấp, xập, sập

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.