膚
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See also: 肤
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]膚 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 卜心田月 (YPWB), four-corner 21227, composition ⿸虍胃)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 992, character 28
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29829
- Dae Jaweon: page 1444, character 24
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2107, character 5
- Unihan data for U+819A
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 膚 | |
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simp. | 肤 | |
alternative forms | 肤 𦢚 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 膚 |
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Western Zhou |
Bronze inscriptions |
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Old Chinese | |
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唬 | *qʰraːs, *kʷraːɡ |
戲 | *qʰral, *qʰrals, *qʰaː |
巇 | *qʰra |
隵 | *qʰra |
嚱 | *qʰras |
盧 | *b·raː |
鑪 | *raː |
壚 | *raː |
籚 | *raː |
蘆 | *raː, *ra |
顱 | *b·raː |
髗 | *b·raː |
鱸 | *raː |
攎 | *raː |
櫨 | *raː |
轤 | *raː |
黸 | *raː |
獹 | *raː |
鸕 | *raː |
艫 | *raː |
纑 | *raː |
瀘 | *raː |
瓐 | *raː |
爐 | *raː |
嚧 | *raː |
矑 | *b·raː |
罏 | *raː |
蠦 | *raː |
虜 | *raːʔ |
擄 | *raːʔ |
艣 | *raːʔ |
鐪 | *raːʔ |
虖 | *qʰaː, *qʰʷa, *qʰaː, *qʰʷa |
虍 | *qʰaː |
雐 | *qʰʷlaː |
虎 | *qʰlaːʔ |
琥 | *qʰlaːʔ |
萀 | *qʰlaːʔ |
臚 | *b·ra |
廬 | *ra |
驢 | *b·ra |
藘 | *ra |
爈 | *ra, *ras |
櫖 | *ra, *ras |
儢 | *raʔ |
慮 | *ras |
勴 | *ras |
鑢 | *ras |
濾 | *ras |
攄 | *r̥ʰa |
處 | *kʰljaʔ, *kʰljas |
豦 | *kas, *ɡa |
據 | *kas |
鐻 | *kas, *ɡa, *ɡaʔ |
澽 | *kas, *ɡas |
虛 | *kʰa, *qʰa |
墟 | *kʰa |
懅 | *ɡa |
蘧 | *ɡa, *ɡʷa |
籧 | *ɡa |
醵 | *ɡa, *ɡas, *ɡaɡ |
璩 | *ɡa |
虡 | *ɡaʔ |
遽 | *ɡas |
勮 | *ɡas |
噓 | *qʰa, *qʰas |
驉 | *qʰa |
歔 | *qʰa |
魖 | *qʰa |
膚 | *pla |
虧 | *kʰʷral |
噱 | *ɡaɡ |
臄 | *ɡaɡ |
劇 | *ɡaɡ |
諕 | *qʰʷraːɡ |
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 肉 (“meat”) + abbreviated 盧 (“vessel; rice bowl”) — skin, which covers the innards like the exterior of a rice bowl.
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *p(r/j)a (“skin”) (STEDT). This form likely represents the root while 皮 (OC *bral) is its derivative with a voicing prefix, most likely PST *m-, found in several OC words for body parts like 鼻 (OC *m-bi[t]-s, “nose”), 肚 (OC *m-tˤaʔ, “belly”), 右 (OC *[ɢ]ʷəʔ-s (~ *m-qʷəʔ), “right-hand”) and 頭 (OC *[m-t]ˤo, “head”) (Baxter & Sagart, 2014).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): fu1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fû
- Northern Min (KCR): hú
- Eastern Min (BUC): hŭ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1fu
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fu
- Wade–Giles: fu1
- Yale: fū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fu
- Palladius: фу (fu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fu1
- Yale: fū
- Cantonese Pinyin: fu1
- Guangdong Romanization: fu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /fuː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fû
- Hakka Romanization System: fuˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: fu1
- Sinological IPA: /fu²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hú
- Sinological IPA (key): /xu⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /hu⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: pju
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*pra/
- (Zhengzhang): /*pla/
Definitions
[edit]膚
- skin
- 膚如凝脂。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Fū rú níngzhī. [Pinyin]
- Her skin was like congealed ointment.
肤如凝脂。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- superficial; shallow
- great
- (alt. form 扶) ancient unit of length equal to the width of four fingers
Compounds
[edit]- 切膚/切肤 (qièfū)
- 切膚之痛/切肤之痛
- 剝膚/剥肤
- 剝膚椎髓/剥肤椎髓
- 剝膚錐髓/剥肤锥髓
- 噬膚/噬肤
- 完膚/完肤 (wánfū)
- 末學膚受/末学肤受
- 浹髓淪膚/浃髓沦肤
- 潤膚/润肤 (rùnfū)
- 炙膚皸足/炙肤皲足
- 皮膚/皮肤 (pífū)
- 皮膚炎/皮肤炎 (pífūyán)
- 皮膚甲錯/皮肤甲错
- 皮膚病/皮肤病 (pífūbìng)
- 皮膚癌/皮肤癌 (pífū'ái)
- 皮膚肌炎/皮肤肌炎 (pífūjīyán)
- 肌無完膚/肌无完肤
- 肌膚/肌肤 (jīfū)
- 肌膚之愛/肌肤之爱
- 肌膚之親/肌肤之亲 (jīfūzhīqīn)
- 膚公/肤公
- 膚功/肤功
- 膚受/肤受
- 膚如刻畫/肤如刻画
- 膚寸/肤寸
- 膚廓/肤廓
- 膚敏/肤敏
- 膚橈目逃/肤桡目逃
- 膚泛/肤泛
- 膚淺/肤浅 (fūqiǎn)
- 膚色/肤色 (fūsè)
- 膚見/肤见
- 膚革/肤革
- 身無完膚/身无完肤
- 身體髮膚/身体发肤
- 雞膚鶴髮/鸡肤鹤发
- 體無完膚/体无完肤 (tǐwúwánfū)
- 鹽膚木/盐肤木
Descendants
[edit]- → Thai: ผิว (pǐu)
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]膚
Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 皮膚 (hifu): skin
- 皮膚科 (hifuka): dermatology
- 皮膚科医 (hifukai): dermatologist
- 皮膚病 (hifubyō): dermatosis, skin diseases
- 皮膚癌 (hifugan): skin cancer
Etymology
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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膚 |
はだ Grade: S |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 膚 – see the following entries. | ||
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(This term, 膚, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.) |
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 膚 (MC pju). Recorded as Middle Korean 부 (pwu) (Yale: pwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Compounds
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
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