師

See also: 师 and 帥

Translingual

Han character

師 (Kangxi radical 50, 巾+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹口一中月 (HRMLB), four-corner 2172₇, composition ⿰𠂤帀)

Descendants

• 师

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 331, character 35
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8916
• Dae Jaweon: page 637, character 28
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 740, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5E2B

---

Chinese

trad.		師
simp.		师
alternative forms		𠦵 𠵀 𢂖 𢃋 𨸲 𠦵 𠵀 𢂖 𢃋 𨸲 𨸴 𩇱

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 師
Western Zhou	Warring States
Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (師) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
篩	*sreːl, *srel, *sri
師	*sri
鰤	*sri
蒒	*sri
獅	*sri
螄	*sri

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 𠂤 (“mound, hill”) + 帀 – ancient troops were usually stationed at a hill.

Each of the two components can be used as 師 on their own in preclassical scripts. The significance of 帀 is debated.

Etymology

Starostin derives this word from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rij (“many”), cognate with 皆 (OC *kriːj, “all”), 偕 (OC *kriːj, “together with”), as well as Tibetan ཁྲི (khri, “ten thousand”) and Burmese ရဲ (rai:, “police”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shī (shi¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄕ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): si¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ̂
• Northern Min (KCR): sú
• Eastern Min (BUC): să / sṳ̆
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sai / su / sir

  (Teochew, Peng'im): se¹ / sai¹

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ¹sy

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shī
    • Zhuyin: ㄕ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shih
    • Wade–Giles: shih¹
    • Yale: shr̄
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shy
    • Palladius: ши (ši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: si¹
    • Yale: sī
    • Cantonese Pinyin: si¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: xi¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /siː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̂
    • Hakka Romanization System: sii´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: si¹
    • Sinological IPA: /sɨ²⁴/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /su⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: să / sṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sa⁵⁵/, /sy⁵⁵/

Note:

• să - vernacular (“to be expert in; expert; term of address for experts”);
• sṳ̆ - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sai
    • Tâi-lô: sai
    • Phofsit Daibuun: say
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sai³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sai⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su
    • Tâi-lô: su
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sw
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /su⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sir
    • Tâi-lô: sir
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /sɯ³³/

Note:

• sai - vernacular;
• su/sir - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: se¹ / sai¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sṳ / sai
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɯ³³/, /sai³³/

Note: sai1 - in 師父.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ¹sy
    • MiniDict: sy^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹sr
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sz̩⁵³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 師
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/sz̩²¹/
	Jinan	/ʂʐ̩²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ʂʐ̩²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ʂʐ̩²⁴/
	Xi'an	/sz̩²¹/
	Xining	/sz̩⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʂʐ̩⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/ʂʐ̩³¹/
	Ürümqi	/sz̩⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/sz̩⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/sz̩⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/sz̩⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/sz̩⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/sz̩³¹/
	Hefei	/sz̩²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/sz̩¹¹/
	Pingyao	/sz̩¹³/
	Hohhot	/sz̩³¹/ 老～ /səʔ⁰/ 大～傅
Wu	Shanghai	/sz̩⁵³/
	Suzhou	/sz̩⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/sz̩³³/
	Wenzhou	/sz̩³³/
Hui	Shexian	/sz̩³¹/
	Tunxi	/sz̩¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/sz̩³³/
	Xiangtan	/sz̩³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/sz̩⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/sz̩⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/sï²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/si⁵³/
	Nanning	/sz̩⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/si⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/su⁵⁵/ /sai⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/sy⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/su⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/sɯ³³/ /sai³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/si²³/

---

• Middle Chinese: srij

Rime
Character	師
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	疏夷切
Baxter	srij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃˠiɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃᵚi/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃiɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂji/
Li Rong	/ʃji/
Wang Li	/ʃi/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*srij/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sri/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	師	師
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shī	shī
Middle Chinese	‹ srij ›	‹ srij ›
Old Chinese	/*srij/	/*srij/
English	army	master
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	師
Reading #	1/1
No.	11433
Phonetic component	師
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	師
Old Chinese	/*sri/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 師

1. (historical, military) division of 2500 soldiers
2. (military) division; a large body of troops composing part of an army
3. army; troops; armed force
4. to dispatch troops; to send troops
5. the masses; populace; general public
6. (historical) A level of administrative division comprising ten major cities.
7. capital city; metropolis
8. strategist; military adviser
9. leader; chief; commander; head; captain
10. teacher; instructor
11. master; expert; specialist
12. (Eastern Min) to be an expert in; adept at; capable
13. (Eastern Min) Respectful term of address for an expert in a trade or profession.
14. (religion) Respectful title for monks, nuns and Taoist priests.
15. (historical) musician
16. model; example; fine example
17. to follow; to imitate; to follow the example of
18. “Army” (䷆): the seventh hexagram of the I Ching
19. a surname

---

Japanese

Kanji

師

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. teacher, master, one's mentor
2. religious leader

Readings

• Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Nanori: のし (noshi); のり (nori); もろ (moro); かず (kazu); つかさ (tsukasa); みつ (mitsu); もと (moto)

Compounds

Compounds

• 師(し)匠(しょう) (shishō): a master
• 看(かん)護(ご)師(し) (kangoshi): a nurse
• 教(きょう)師(し) (kyōshi): a teacher

Proper noun

師(もろ) • (Moro) 

1. a surname

---

Korean

Hanja

師 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)

1. teacher, master, one's mentor

---

Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 師 (sư)

1. teacher, master
2. respectful title for Buddhist monks and Buddhist nuns