湖

Translingual

Han character

湖 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水十口月 (EJRB), four-corner 3712₀, composition ⿰氵胡)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 637, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17836
• Dae Jaweon: page 1044, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1669, character 3
• Unihan data for U+6E56

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Chinese

trad.		湖
simp. #		湖

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 湖
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (古) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
箇	*kaːls
個	*kaːls
居	*kɯ, *kas
橭	*kaː, *kʰaː
嫴	*kaː
姑	*kaː
辜	*kaː
酤	*kaː, *kaːs, *ɡaːʔ
蛄	*kaː
鴣	*kaː
沽	*kaː, *kaːʔ, *kaːs
盬	*kaː, *kaːʔ
古	*kaːʔ
罟	*kaːʔ
估	*kaːʔ
鈷	*kaːʔ
詁	*kaːʔ
牯	*kaːʔ
故	*kaːs
固	*kaːs
稒	*kaːɡs
痼	*kaːɡs
錮	*kaːɡs
鯝	*kaːɡs
棝	*kaːɡs
凅	*kaːɡs
枯	*kʰaː
軲	*kʰaː
跍	*kʰaː
骷	*kʰaː
苦	*kʰaːʔ, *kʰaːs
葫	*qʰaː, *ɡaː
餬	*ɡaː
瑚	*ɡaː
湖	*ɡaː
鶘	*ɡaː
猢	*ɡaː
醐	*ɡaː
糊	*ɡaː
箶	*ɡaː
蝴	*ɡaː
胡	*ɡaː
瓳	*ɡaː
怙	*ɡaːʔ
祜	*ɡaːʔ
岵	*ɡaːʔ
婟	*ɡaːʔ, *ɡaːɡs
楛	*ɡaːʔ
据	*ka
裾	*ka
琚	*ka
椐	*ka, *kas, *kʰa
鶋	*ka
蜛	*ka
崌	*ka
涺	*ka
腒	*ka, *ɡa
鋸	*kas
倨	*kas
踞	*kas
涸	*ɡaːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡaː) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 胡 (OC *ɡaː).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hú (hu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wu⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fù

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fu²

• Northern Min (KCR): ǔ
• Eastern Min (BUC): hù
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ô͘ / hô͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ou⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶wu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hú
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hú
    • Wade–Giles: hu²
    • Yale: hú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwu
    • Palladius: ху (xu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: wu⁴
    • Yale: wùh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wu⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: wu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuː²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fù
    • Hakka Romanization System: fuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fu²
    • Sinological IPA: /fu¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fu²
    • Sinological IPA: /fu¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǔ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ô͘ / hô͘
    • Tâi-lô: ôo / hôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: oo, hoo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɔ²⁴/, /hɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɔ²⁴/, /hɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɔ¹³/, /hɔ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɔ²⁴/, /hɔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔ²³/, /hɔ²³/

Note:

• ô͘ - vernacular;
• hô͘ - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ou⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ôu
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ou⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶wu
    • MiniDict: wu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²³/

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• Middle Chinese: hu

Rime
Character	湖
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	戸吳切
Baxter	hu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuo/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuo/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɔ/
Li Rong	/ɣo/
Wang Li	/ɣu/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wu4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤa/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	湖
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hú
Middle Chinese	‹ hu ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ˁa/
English	lake
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	湖
Reading #	1/1
No.	4247
Phonetic component	古
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	胡
Old Chinese	/*ɡaː/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 湖

1. lake; loch
2. Short for 湖北 (Húběi, “Hubei Province”).
3. Short for 湖南 (Húnán, “Hunan Province”).

Compounds

Descendants

• → Ai-Cham: fu²
• → Korean: 호 (ho)
• → Vietnamese: hồ
• → Zhuang: huz

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

湖

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. lake

Readings

• Go-on: ぐ (gu); ご (go)
• Kan-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
• Kun: みずうみ (mizuumi, 湖, Jōyō)^{←みづうみ (miduumi, 湖, historical)}
• Nanori: うみ (umi); ひろし (hiroshi); み (mi)

Compounds

• 湖岸(こがん) (kogan)
• 湖沼(こしょう) (koshō)
• 湖(こ)水(すい) (kosui)
• 湖底(こてい) (kotei)

• 湖面(こめん) (komen)
• 塩湖(えんこ) (enko)
• 汽(き)水(すい)湖(こ) (kisuiko)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
湖
みずうみ Grade: 3
kun’yomi

水 (mizu, “water”) +‎ 海 (umi, “sea”)

Noun

湖(みずうみ) • (mizuumi) ^{←みづうみ (miduumi)?}

1. a lake (body of water)

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Korean

Hanja

湖 • (ho) (hangeul 호, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 湖水 (호수, hosu)

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 湖 (hồ)

1. lake

Usage notes

• The modern Vietnamese word for lake is hồ.

References

• www.chunom.org