牛
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Alternative forms
- 牜 (
U+725C
) - Used as a left radical component (not a standalone character) - ⽜ (
U+2F5C
) - Kangxi radical cow - ⺧ (
U+2EA7
) - CJK radical cow (used as a top component)
Han character
牛 (Kangxi radical 93, 牛+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹手 (HQ), four-corner 25000, composition ⿻𠂉十)
- Kangxi radical #93, ⽜.
- Shuōwén Jiězì radical №19
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 697, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19922
- Dae Jaweon: page 1108, character 16
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1800, character 1
- Unihan data for U+725B
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
牛 |
---|
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 牛 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形) .
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋwa.
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nyiu2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ню (ni͡u, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): nyiu4 / ngieu4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): niou1
- Northern Min (KCR): niû
- Eastern Min (BUC): ngù / ngiù
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 6gnieu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): nyiou2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄡˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nióu
- Wade–Giles: niu2
- Yale: nyóu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niou
- Palladius: ню (nju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni̯oʊ̯³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nyiu2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: niu
- Sinological IPA (key): /nʲiəu²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ню (ni͡u, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /niou²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ngau4
- Yale: ngàuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngau4
- Guangdong Romanization: ngeo4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋɐu̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ngeu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡeu²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: nyiu4 / ngieu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /n̠ʲiu³⁵/, /ŋiɛu³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiù
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiuˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngiu2
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯u¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: niou1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /niəu¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: niû
- Sinological IPA (key): /niu³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngù / ngiù
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋu⁵³/, /ŋieu⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- ngù - colloquial;
- ngiù - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: giû
- Tâi-lô: giû
- Phofsit Daibuun: giuu
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /ɡiu²⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡiu²³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngiû
- Tâi-lô: ngiû
- Phofsit Daibuun: ngiuu
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ŋiũ¹³/
Note:
- gû - colloquial;
- giû/ngiû - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 牛 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /niou³⁵/ |
Harbin | /niou²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /niou⁴⁵/ | |
Jinan | /ȵiou⁴²/ | |
Qingdao | /niou⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /niou⁴²/ /ou⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /niou²⁴/ | |
Xining | /ȵiɯ²⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /niəu⁵³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ȵiou⁵³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ȵiɤu⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /niəu²¹³/ | |
Chengdu | /ȵiəu³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /niəu²¹/ | |
Kunming | /niəu³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /liəɯ²⁴/ | |
Hefei | /liɯ⁵⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /niəu¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /ȵiəu¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /niəu³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ȵiɤ²³/ |
Suzhou | /ȵiɤ¹³/ | |
Hangzhou | /ȵiø²¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ŋau³¹/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /niu⁴⁴/ |
Tunxi | /ȵiu⁴⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ȵiəu¹³/ |
Xiangtan | /ȵiəɯ¹²/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ȵiu⁴⁵/ /ŋiɛu⁴⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /ŋiu¹¹/ |
Taoyuan | /ŋiu¹¹/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ŋɐu²¹/ |
Nanning | /ŋɐu²¹/ | |
Hong Kong | /ŋɐu²¹/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /giu³⁵/ /gu³⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /ŋu⁵³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /niu³³/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /gu⁵⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /ku³¹/ |
- Middle Chinese: ngjuw
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ʷə/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷɯ/
Definitions
- cow; bull; ox; buffalo (general name for bovine animals) (Classifier: 條/条 m; 頭/头; 隻/只)
- beef
- stubborn; pigheaded
- (colloquial) arrogant
- (Mandarin, slang) awesome; powerful
- (astronomy) the Ox, a Chinese constellation near Capricorn
- (physics) Short for 牛頓/牛顿 (niúdùn, “newton”).
- a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 牛 (“bovine”) [map]
- (beef): 牛肉 (niúròu)
- (awesome):
- 不得了 (bùdéliǎo) (colloquial)
- 了不得 (colloquial)
- 了不起 (liǎobùqǐ) (colloquial)
- 了勿起 (Wu)
- 佼佼 (jiǎojiǎo) (literary)
- 俊偉/俊伟 (jùnwěi) (literary)
- 偉大/伟大 (wěidà)
- 傑出/杰出 (jiéchū)
- 傲人 (àorén) (nowadays especially of breasts, body curve)
- 優異/优异 (yōuyì)
- 優秀/优秀 (yōuxiù)
- 優越/优越 (yōuyuè)
- 出挑 (chhut-thio) (Quanzhou Hokkien)
- 出擢 (Hokkien)
- 出眾/出众 (chūzhòng)
- 出腳/出脚 (Hokkien)
- 出色 (chūsè)
- 勢面/势面 (Hokkien)
- 勿得了 (Wu)
- 卓然 (zhuórán) (literary)
- 卓犖/卓荦 (zhuóluò) (literary)
- 卓異/卓异 (zhuóyì) (literary)
- 卓著 (zhuózhù)
- 卓越 (zhuóyuè)
- 厲害/厉害 (lìhài) (informal)
- 咧斗 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 咧斗 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 好極了/好极了 (hǎo jíle)
- 尤異/尤异 (yóuyì) (literary)
- 崢嶸/峥嵘 (zhēngróng)
- 彰顯/彰显 (zhāngxiǎn)
- 惡實/恶实 (o5 shr6) (Xiang, used as a complement)
- 打得 (Hakka)
- 挺 (tǐng)
- 斐然 (fěirán)
- 棒 (bàng) (colloquial)
- 標青/标青 (biu1 ceng1) (Cantonese, Teochew)
- 漂亮
- 炳 (bǐng) (literary)
- 牛鬼 (Guilin Mandarin)
- 特出 (tèchū)
- 特異/特异 (tèyì)
- 犀利 (xīlì) (originally Cantonese, sometimes Mandarin)
- 皦皦 (jiǎojiǎo) (literary)
- 看家 (kānjiā) (attributive, of skill, ability, etc.)
- 穩/稳 (wěn) (slang, neologism)
- 突出 (tūchū)
- 英英 (yīngyīng) (literary)
- 蓋帽/盖帽 (gàimào) (slang)
- 表表 (biǎobiǎo) (literary)
- 超凡 (chāofán)
- 超卓 (chāozhuó) (literary)
- 超常 (chāocháng)
- 超拔 (chāobá) (literary)
- 超絕/超绝 (chāojué)
- 非凡 (fēifán)
- 響噹噹/响当当 (xiǎngdāngdāng)
- 顯著/显著 (xiǎnzhù)
- 高強/高强 (gāoqiáng)
Compounds
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Further reading
- (Min Nan pronunciation audio) “Entry #1228”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
Kanji
牛
Readings
- Go-on: ぐ (gu)
- Kan-on: ぎゅう (gyū, Jōyō)←ぎう (giu, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: ご (go)
- Kun: うし (ushi, 牛, Jōyō)
Compounds
Compounds
- インド牛 (indōshi, “zebu”)
- 牛馬 (ushiuma)
- 牛鬼 (ushioni), 牛鬼 (gyūki)
- 牛氈鹿 (ushikamoshika, “wildebeest, gnu”)
- 雄牛 (ōshi), 牡牛 (ōshi)
- 蝸牛 (kagyū, “snail; cochlea”)
- 蝸牛 (katatsumuri), 蝸牛 (dendenmushi, “snail”)
- 牛脂 (gyūshi, “tallow of cow”)
- 牛車 (gyūsha, “oxcart”)
- 牛舎 (gyūsha)
- 牛耳る (gyūjiru)
- 牛肉 (gyūniku, “beef”)
- 牛乳 (gyūnyū, “cow's milk”)
- 牛馬 (gyūba)
- 牛酪 (gyūraku, “butter”)
- 子牛 (kōshi), 仔牛 (kōshi)
- 呉牛 (gogyū, “water buffalo”)
- 瘤牛 (kobūshi, “zebu”)
- 牛蒡 (gobō, “greater burdock”)
- 麝香牛 (jakōushi, “musk ox”)
- 水牛 (suigyū, “water buffalo”)
- 肉牛 (nikugyū, “beef cattle”)
- 乳牛 (nyūgyū, “dairy cattle”)
- 犎牛 (hōgyū, “zebu”)
- 雌牛 (meushi), 牝牛 (meushi)
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
牛 |
うし Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Pronunciation
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Noun
- cow, bull, ox, cattle
- 1999 November 18, “牛魔人 [Bull Jinn]”, in Vol.6, Konami:
- 森に住む牛の魔人。ツノを突き出し突進して攻撃。
- Mori ni sumu ushi no majin. Tsuno o tsukidashi tosshin shite kōgeki.
- A bovine jinn who resides in the woods. He’ll charge at you and stick you with his horns.
- 森に住む牛の魔人。ツノを突き出し突進して攻撃。
- 1999 December 1, “ミノタウルス [Minotaurus]”, in BOOSTER 6, Konami:
- すごい力を持つウシの怪物。オノひと振りで何でもなぎ倒す。
- Sugoi chikara o motsu ushi no kaibutsu. Ono hitofuri de nani demo nagitaosu.
- A bovine monster with tremendous power who chops up anyone in his way with one ax swing.
- すごい力を持つウシの怪物。オノひと振りで何でもなぎ倒す。
- beef
Derived terms
Usage notes
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as ウシ.
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
牛 |
ぎゅう Grade: 2 |
on’yomi |
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 牛 (ngjuw, “cow”).
Pronunciation
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Noun
References
Korean
Hanja
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
Compounds
Okinawan
Kanji
牛
Readings
Etymology
Kanji in this term |
---|
牛 |
うし Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Pronunciation
Noun
牛 (ushi)
Derived terms
References
- “うし【牛】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
- “ウシ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 牛 (ngưu, ngọ, ngỏ, ngõ, ngâu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Yonaguni
Kanji
Noun
References
- “うち【牛】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Categories:
- Han character radicals
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han script characters
- Han pictograms
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Eastern Min terms with audio links
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Gan lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
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- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
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- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
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- Dungan nouns
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- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
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- Mandarin Chinese
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- zh:Astronomy
- zh:Physics
- Chinese short forms
- Chinese surnames
- zh:SI units
- Beginning Mandarin
- zh:Bovines
- zh:Cattle
- zh:Female animals
- zh:Male animals
- zh:Meats
- Japanese Han characters
- Grade 2 kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ぐ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ぎゅう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading ぎう
- Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading ご
- Japanese kanji with kun reading うし
- Japanese terms spelled with 牛 read as うし
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms written with one Han script character
- Japanese terms spelled with 牛
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese terms spelled with 牛 read as ぎゅう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- ja:Astronomy
- ja:Cattle
- ja:Female animals
- ja:Male animals
- Japanese basic words
- Korean lemmas
- Korean Han characters
- Okinawan Han characters
- Okinawan kanji with kun reading うし
- Okinawan terms spelled with 牛 read as うし
- Okinawan terms read with kun'yomi
- Okinawan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Okinawan lemmas
- Okinawan nouns
- Okinawan terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Okinawan terms written with one Han script character
- Okinawan terms spelled with 牛
- Okinawan single-kanji terms
- ryu:Cattle
- ryu:Female animals
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Yonaguni lemmas
- Yonaguni Han characters
- Yonaguni nouns
- CJKV radicals
- yoi:Cattle
- yoi:Female animals