齊

See also: 齐 and 斉

Translingual

Stroke order

Traditional	齊
Shinjitai	斉
Simplified	齐

Han character

齊 (Kangxi radical 210, 齊+0, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜難 (YX), four-corner 0022₃, composition ⿳亠⿲刀丫⿸⿱丿𠄌乀⿲丿二丨)

1. Kangxi radical #210, ⿑.

Derived characters

• Index:Chinese radical/齊
• 濟 劑

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1531, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48560
• Dae Jaweon: page 2068, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4783, character 1
• Unihan data for U+9F4A

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 齊
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (齊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
儕	*zriːl
麡	*zriːl, *ʔsliːl, *zliːl
齋	*ʔsriːl
穧	*ʔsleds, *ʔsliːls, *zliːls
擠	*ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
躋	*ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
齏	*ʔsliːl
齎	*ʔsliːl, *ʔslil
櫅	*ʔsliːl
齌	*ʔsliːl, *sʰliːl, *zliːls
隮	*ʔsliːl, *ʔsliːls
賷	*ʔsliːl
虀	*ʔsliːl
濟	*ʔsliːlʔ, *ʔsliːls
癠	*ʔsliːlʔ, *zliːl, *zliːlʔ, *zliːls
霽	*ʔsliːls
齊	*zliːl, *zliːls
臍	*zliːl
蠐	*zliːl, *zlil
懠	*zliːl, *zliːls
薺	*zliːlʔ, *zlil
鱭	*zliːlʔ
嚌	*zliːls
劑	*zliːls, *ʔslel
齍	*ʔslil

Ideogram (指事) : a field of grain, hence of uniform height.

Etymology 1

trad.		齊
simp.		齐
alternative forms		亝

Either related to Mizo čelʔᴸ (“equal, to endure”) or, more phonologically likely, Tibetan ཚིར (tshir, “queue, order, succession”) as Tibetan /tsʰir/'s final /-r/ can explain the Middle Chinese retroflex initial of 儕 (OC *zriːl), which is derived from *齊 (OC *zliːl, *zliːls).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qí (qi²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cai⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhè / chhì
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): chôe / chê / chêre

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ci⁵ / zoi⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qí
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cí
    • Wade–Giles: chʻi²
    • Yale: chí
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyi
    • Palladius: ци (ci)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: cai⁴
    • Yale: chàih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsai⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: cei⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐi̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhè / chhì
    • Hakka Romanization System: ceˇ / qiˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ce² / qi²
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰe¹¹/, /t͡sʰi¹¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chôe
    • Tâi-lô: tsuê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zoee
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen): /t͡sue²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chê
    • Tâi-lô: tsê
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zee
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Tainan, Yilan): /t͡se²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡se²³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡se¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Sanxia)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chêre
    • Tâi-lô: tserê

Note:

• Xiamen, Quanzhou:
  • chôe - vernacular;
  • chê - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: ci⁵ / zoi⁵
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshî / tsôi
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰi⁵⁵/, /t͡soi⁵⁵/

Note:

• ci5 - literary;
• zoi5 - vernacular.

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• Middle Chinese: dzej

Rime
Character	齊
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	徂奚切
Baxter	dzej
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zei/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zei/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɛj/
Li Rong	/d͡zei/
Wang Li	/d͡ziei/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱiei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cai4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[dz]ˤəj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*zliːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	齊	齊
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qí	qí
Middle Chinese	‹ dzej ›	‹ dzej ›
Old Chinese	/*[dz]ˁəj/	/*[dz]ˁəj/
English	uniform, equal	Qí (place name)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	齊
Reading #	1/2
No.	10052
Phonetic component	齊
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	齊
Old Chinese	/*zliːl/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 齊

1. even; uniform; of equal length

   • 「見賢思齊焉，見不賢而內自省也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     「见贤思齐焉，见不贤而内自省也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     “jiàn xián sī qí yān, jiàn bù xián ér nèi zì xǐng yě.” [Pinyin]

     "When we see men of worth, we should think of equaling them; when we see men of a contrary character, we should turn inwards and examine ourselves."

2. Qi, an ancient Chinese duchy, and later kingdom, during the Zhou dynasty
3. the realm of this state under later imperial Chinese dynasties
4. a surname

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jī (ji¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jī
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ji
    • Wade–Giles: chi¹
    • Yale: jī
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 齊

1. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 躋／跻 (jī).
2. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 齏／齑 (jī).

Pronunciation 3

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jì (ji⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jì
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jì
    • Wade–Giles: chi⁴
    • Yale: jì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
    • Palladius: цзи (czi)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: dzejH

Rime
Character	齊
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	在詣切
Baxter	dzejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡zeiH/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zeiH/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zɛiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zɛjH/
Li Rong	/d͡zeiH/
Wang Li	/d͡zieiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/d͡zʱieiH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zai6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*zliːls/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	齊
Reading #	2/2
No.	10064
Phonetic component	齊
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	嚌
Old Chinese	/*zliːls/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 齊

1. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 劑／剂 (jì).
2. alloy

Pronunciation 4

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zī (zi¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄗ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zī
    • Zhuyin: ㄗ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zih
    • Wade–Giles: tzŭ¹
    • Yale: dz̄
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzy
    • Palladius: цзы (czy)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 齊

1. hem of a skirt, shirt tail
2. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 粢 (zī).
3. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 資／资 (zī).

Pronunciation 5

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhāi (zhai¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄞ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhāi
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄞ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhai
    • Wade–Giles: chai¹
    • Yale: jāi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jai
    • Palladius: чжай (čžaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵⁵/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 齊

1. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 齋／斋 (zhāi).
2. sacrificial offering
3. deferential

Pronunciation 6

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiǎn (jian³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˇ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎn
    • Wade–Giles: chien³
    • Yale: jyǎn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jean
    • Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 齊

1. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 剪 (jiǎn).
2. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 醮 (jiào).

Etymology 2

trad.		齊
simp.		齐
alternative forms		褿

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiâu / châu

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• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Yilan, Tainan, Kaohsiung, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiâu
    • Tâi-lô: tsiâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ciaau
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siau¹³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Yilan, Tainan): /t͡siau²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siau²³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: châu
    • Tâi-lô: tsâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zaau
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang, Kinmen): /t͡sau²⁴/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 齊 (Southern Min)

1. uniform; generally consistent
2. completely; entirely

References

• (Min Nan) “Entry #10973”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Shinjitai	斉
Kyūjitai	齊

Kanji

齊

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 斉)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): せい (sei); ざい (zai); さい (sai)
• Kun: そろう (sorou, 齊う); ひとしい (hitoshii, 齊しい)

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Korean

Hanja

齊 • (ja, je) (hangeul 자, 제, revised ja, je, McCune–Reischauer cha, che, Yale ca, cey)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 齊 (tày, tề, tè, chai)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation