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U+77ED, 短
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77ED

[U+77EC]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+77EE]

Translingual

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Stroke order
12 strokes

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 111, +7, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人大一口廿 (OKMRT), four-corner 81418, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 824, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23978
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1237, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2584, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+77ED

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
2nd round simp. 𰦓
alternative forms 𠭴 Min Nan

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *toːnʔ) : semantic + phonetic (OC *doːs).

Etymology

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The Proto-Min reconstructed form is *toiᴮ (Bodman, 1980). The relationship of this to the -n forms in other dialects is unclear and two theories exist:

  • Old Chinese *tˤorʔ divergently developed into (1) *toj in southeastern China, and (2) *ton elsewhere (Baxter and Sagart, 2014). Compare also:
    • (OC *tˤor) vs (OC *[d]or-s)
    • (OC *[s]ˤorʔ-s)
    • (OC *k.rˤorʔ).
  • Proto-Min may represent the original Old Chinese form, and the forms in other Chinese varieties are due to confusion with (OC *toːnʔ, *toːns, *doːnʔ, “to cut”) (Schuessler, 2007).

STEDT sets up two roots for this: Proto-Sino-Tibetan *t(j)u(ŋ/n) (short), whence Burmese တောင်း (taung:, short (as in garment)), and *dəw (short), whence Burmese တို (tui, short), Mizo tawi (short).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • dōi - colloquial (“short (of distance)”);
  • duāng - literary (“short; deficient; shortcoming”).
Note:
  • té/tér - colloquial;
  • toán - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (5)
Final () (62)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter twanX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/tuɑnX/
Pan
Wuyun
/tʷɑnX/
Shao
Rongfen
/tuɑnX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/twanX/
Li
Rong
/tuɑnX/
Wang
Li
/tuɑnX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/tuɑnX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
duǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
dyun2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
duǎn
Middle
Chinese
‹ twanX ›
Old
Chinese
/*tˁorʔ/
English short

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 2480
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*toːnʔ/

Definitions

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  1. short (of distance)
    Antonym:
  2. short (of time); brief
  3. (literary or Wu) short (in stature)
  4. deficient; lacking
  5. weakness; shortcoming; mistake
  6. (Mainland China, transitive) to text; to send a text message to

Synonyms

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Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. short, brief

Readings

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  • Go-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
  • Kun: みじかい (mijikai, 短い, Jōyō)

Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
たん
Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (twanX, short).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(たん) (tan

  1. fault, weak point
  2. (music) minor

Antonyms

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References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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(eumhun 짧을 (jjalbeul dan))

  1. hanja form? of (short)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: đoản, đuỗn, ngắn, vắn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.