gar

See also: GAR, gár, gär, går, gar-, ġar, and Gar

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡɑː/

  • Audio (Southern England):

    (file)

• IPA^(key): /ɡɑɹ/
• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)

Etymology 1

From Middle English gar, gare, gere, gore, from Old English gār (“spear, dart, javelin, shaft, arrow, weapon, arms”), from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz (“spear, pike, javelin”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰayso- (“pointed stick, spear”), from *ǵʰey- (“to drive, move, fling”). Cognate with West Frisian gear, Dutch geer (“pointed weapon, spear”), German Ger (“spear”), Norwegian geir (“spear”), Icelandic geir (“spear”). Related to gore.

Alternative forms

• gore (dialectal)

Noun

gar (plural gars)

1. (obsolete) A spear.

Etymology 2

Clipping of garfish.

Noun

gar (plural gars)

1. (especially US, Canada) Any of several North American fish of the family Lepisosteidae that have long, narrow jaws.
2. (especially UK, Ireland) A garfish, Belone belone.

Usage notes

• The European species was the original gar, and the North American gars were named after it, with other common names also shared between the two. In modern usage an attempt has been made to restrict "gar" to the North American fish and "garfish" to the European ones, but both names can be found for both types. Context can help: the North American gars are freshwater fish of a very primitive type, while the European gars are saltwater fish known for their green bones and their association with mackerel in folklore.

Translations

a North or Central American fish of the family Lepisosteidae

• Finnish: luuhauki (fi)
• German: Knochenhecht m
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Russian: па́нцирник (ru) m (páncirnik), па́нцирная щу́ка f (páncirnaja ščúka)

the European fish Belone belone

• Greek: ζαργάνα (el) f (zargána)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Russian: сарга́н (ru) m (sargán)

Etymology 3

From Middle English garren, gerren, from Old Norse gera, gerva (Swedish göra, Danish gøre), from Proto-Germanic *garwijaną. Compare yare; but also Old Cornish gorra (“put, place, set”).

Verb

gar (third-person singular simple present gars, present participle garring, simple past and past participle gart)

1. (now chiefly UK dialectal) To make, compel (someone to do something); to cause (something to be done). [14th–19th c.]
   • 1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte Darthur, Book XX:

     I shall firste begyn at Sandwyche, and there I shall go in my shearte, barefoote, and at every ten myles ende I shall founde and gar make an house of religious, of what order that ye woll assygne me [...].

   • 1885, Sir Richard Burton, The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night, Night 15:

     Time gars me tremble. Ah, how sore the baulk! / While Time in pride of strength cloth ever stalk [...].

Anagrams

• ARG, Arg., Gra, RGA, Rag, arg, rag

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Basque

Noun

gar inan

1. blaze

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Breton

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡɑːr/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *garr, from Proto-Celtic *garros.

Noun

gar f (plural garoù)

1. leg

Mutation

  Mutation of gar  

Breton consonant mutation
	unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard
singular	gar	c'har	unchanged	kar
plural	garoù	c'haroù	unchanged	karoù

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

gar

1. Soft mutation of kar.

Mutation

  Mutation of gar  

Breton consonant mutation
	unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard
singular	kar	gar	c'har	unchanged
plural	kerent	gerent	c'herent	unchanged

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German

Etymology

From Middle High German gare (inflected garw-), from Old High German garo, from Proto-West Germanic *garu, from Proto-Germanic *garwaz.

Cognate with Dutch gaar, archaic English yare (“keen, lively, eager”). Related with gerben.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡaːr/, [ɡaː], [ɡaːɐ̯], [ɡaːʁ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aːɐ̯, -aː

Adjective

gar (strong nominative masculine singular garer, not comparable)

1. cooked, done (of food such as meat or vegetables: ready for consumption)
2. (of a metal) refined

Declension

Positive forms of gar (uncomparable)

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist gar	sie ist gar	es ist gar	sie sind gar
strong declension (without article)	nominative	garer	gare	gares	gare
	genitive	garen	garer	garen	garer
	dative	garem	garer	garem	garen
	accusative	garen	gare	gares	gare
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der gare	die gare	das gare	die garen
	genitive	des garen	der garen	des garen	der garen
	dative	dem garen	der garen	dem garen	den garen
	accusative	den garen	die gare	das gare	die garen
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein garer	eine gare	ein gares	(keine) garen
	genitive	eines garen	einer garen	eines garen	(keiner) garen
	dative	einem garen	einer garen	einem garen	(keinen) garen
	accusative	einen garen	eine gare	ein gares	(keine) garen

Derived terms

• garen

Adverb

gar

1. (with a negative) at all; even

   Synonym: überhaupt

   Sie hat gar kein Geld.

   She has no money at all.

   Er ist gar nicht gekommen.

   He didn't even show up. / He didn't show up at all.

   • 2010, Der Spiegel, issue 25/2010, page 80:

     Ein Verbot sollte es nach Ansicht vieler Ökonomen auch für die sogenannten Leerverkäufe geben. Banken verkaufen dabei Aktien oder Währungen, die sie noch gar nicht besitzen oder allenfalls geliehen haben.

     In the opinion of many economists, there should also exist a prohibition for the so-called short sales. In these, banks sell shares or currencies that they do not own at all yet or have borrowed at best.

2. (chiefly formal or literary) even; expressing a climax

   Synonyms: sogar, selbst, geradezu

   Ist er ein Dieb? Ein Räuber? Oder gar ein Mörder?

   Is he a thief? A robber? Or even a murderer?

3. (chiefly formal or literary, with zu) all

   Synonym: all, usually spelt allzu

   Wenn er gar zu frech wird, geben Sie ihm eine kräftige Ohrfeige.

   If he becomes all too impertinent, give him a sturdy slap.

4. (Austria, Switzerland, otherwise archaic, poetic) very; quite; really

   Synonyms: ganz, recht, sehr, ziemlich; see also Thesaurus:sehr

   Das war gar frech von dir!

   That was quite impertinent of you!

   • 1845, Heinrich Hoffmann, Die gar traurige Geschichte mit dem Feuerzeug (Struwwelpeter):

     Die gar traurige Geschichte mit dem Feuerzeug

     The Very Sad Tale with the Matches

Derived terms

• ganz und gar
• Garaus

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Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish gar (“short; near”). See Middle Irish gerr (“short”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡaɾˠ]

Adjective

gar (genitive singular masculine gair, genitive singular feminine gaire, plural gara, comparative gaire)

1. near
2. (of time) short
3. (literary) convenient; easy, likely
4. near, mean, stingy

Declension

Declension of gar

	Singular		Plural (m/f)
Positive	Masculine	Feminine	(strong noun)	(weak noun)
Nominative	gar	ghar	gara; ghara²
Vocative	ghair		gara
Genitive		gaire	gara	gar
Dative	gar; ghar¹	ghar; ghair (archaic)	gara; ghara²
Comparative	níos gaire
Superlative	is gaire

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

• gar- (“near, close; approximate”)

Noun

gar m (genitive singular gair, nominative plural garanna)

1. nearness, proximity
2. convenience, service; turn, favor

Synonyms

• aice
• cóngar
• fogas

Derived terms

• i ngar

Declension

Declension of gar

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative gar garanna Vocative a ghair a gharanna Genitive gair garanna Dative gar garanna

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an gar na garanna Genitive an ghair na ngaranna Dative leis an ngar don ghar leis na garanna

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
gar	ghar	ngar
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gar”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 gar”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

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Latvian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Preposition

gar (with accusative)

1. along

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Middle English

Noun

gar

1. Alternative form of gare

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Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gaiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoys- (“pointed stick, spear”).

Cognate with Old Frisian gēr, Old Saxon gēr, Old High German gēr, Old Norse geirr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡɑːr/

Noun

gār m (nominative plural gāras)

1. (poetic) spear, arrow, dart

Declension

Declension of gār (strong a-stem)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	gār	gāras
accusative	gār	gāras
genitive	gāres	gāra
dative	gāre	gārum

Derived terms

• Gārdene
• gārlēac
• nafogār

Descendants

• Middle English: gar, gare, gere, gore
  • English: gore (dialectal), gar
  • → Middle English: garfysche
    • English: garfish
    • Scots: gairfish

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Polish

Etymology

Singular of gary, which is an alteration of *garki, a non-standard form of garnki, plural of garnek.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡar/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ar
• Syllabification: gar

Noun

gar m inan

1. (colloquial) Augmentative of garnek

Declension

Declension of gar

	singular	plural
nominative	gar	gary
genitive	gara	garów
dative	garowi	garom
accusative	gar	gary
instrumental	garem	garami
locative	garze	garach
vocative	garze	gary

Further reading

• gar in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• gar in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Scots

Etymology

From Middle English garren, gerren, from Old Norse gera, gǫrva, gørva (Swedish göra, Danish gøre), from Proto-Germanic *garwijaną. Compare English yare.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡar/, /ɡɛr/

Verb

gar (simple past and past participle gart or gert)

1. to make (somebody or something do something)

   Whit gars ye say that? ― What makes you say that?

Related terms

• gare
• gair

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Scottish Gaelic

Etymology 1

Pronoun

gar

1. us (direct object)

   Cò a bhios gar cuideachadh? ― Who will help us?

Usage notes

• Adds the prefix n- to the following word if it begins with a vowel:

  Cha robh i gar n-ainmeachadh. ― She didn't mention us.

Related terms

• ga
• gad
• gam
• gan
• gur
• sinn

 

Etymology 2

From Old Irish gorim, from Proto-Celtic *gʷrenso-, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrenso- (“warm”), from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”); see also Old Irish grís (“heat (of the sun), fire, embers”), Sanskrit घ्रंस (ghraṃsa, “heat of the sun”), Latin formus (“warm”), Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), English warm.

Verb

gar (past ghar, future garaidh, verbal noun garadh, past participle garte)

1. warm

   a' garadh an làmhan ris an teine ― warming their hands at the fire

Related terms

• gorm

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Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish غار (gar), from French gare.

Noun

gar (definite accusative garı, plural garlar)

1. station (railway)

Related terms

• otogar

References

• Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN

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Turkmen

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kār.

Noun

gar (definite accusative [please provide], plural [please provide])

1. snow

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Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡar/

Noun

gar

1. Soft mutation of car.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
car	gar	nghar	char
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

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West Tarangan

Noun

gar

1. water

Further reading

• Richard J. Nivens, A Lexical Phonology of West Tarangan, in Phonological Studies in Four Languages of Maluku (1992, edited by Donald A. Burquest, Wyn D. Laidig)
• Richard J. Nivens, Borrowing Versus Code-switching in West Tarangan (Indonesia) (2002)
• E. Wattimury, A. Haulussy, J. Pentry, Sintaksis bahasa Tarangan (1995), page 48

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Westrobothnian

Pronunciation

• Template:gmq-bot-pronu-note

Etymology 1

From gær, í gjár.

Noun

1. Yesterday (only used in the adverbial form .)

   i gar-o mårjan / i går óm móran

   yesterday morning

   i gar-o äfta

   yesterday evening

Etymology 2

Noun

1. Skin-furrow (about the grain of a hide.)
2. Growth rings in wood.