粒

粒 U+7C92, 粒 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7C92 ← 粑 [U+7C91] CJK Unified Ideographs 粓 → [U+7C93]

粒 U+F9F9, 粒 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9F9 ← 笠 [U+F9F8] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 狀 → [U+F9FA]

Translingual

Han character

粒 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 火木卜廿 (FDYT), four-corner 9091₈, composition ⿰米立)

Derived characters

• 𨅀, 𩻑

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 907, character 22
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26884
• Dae Jaweon: page 1333, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3145, character 12
• Unihan data for U+7C92

• Unihan data for U+F9F9

Chinese

trad.		粒
simp. #		粒

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 粒
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (立) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
涖	*rɯːbs, *rɯbs
莅	*rɯbs, *rɯbs
蒞	*rɯbs
位	*ɢʷrɯbs
拉	*ruːb
菈	*ruːb
颯	*sluːb
立	*rɯb
粒	*rɯb
笠	*ɡ·rɯb
砬	*rɯb
岦	*rɯb
苙	*ɡ·rɯb, *ɡrɯb
鴗	*rɯb
雴	*r̥ʰɯb
泣	*kʰrɯb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rɯb) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 立 (OC *rɯb).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): lì (li⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ

  (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): li̊q

• Cantonese (Jyutping): nap¹ / lap¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): lia̍p

  (Meixian, Guangdong): lêb⁵

• Eastern Min (BUC): lăk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lia̍p / li̍p

  (Teochew, Peng'im): liab⁸

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lì
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lì
    • Wade–Giles: li⁴
    • Yale: lì
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
    • Palladius: ли (li)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed) (粒兒／粒儿)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: lìr
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋㄦ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lìr
    • Wade–Giles: li⁴-ʼrh
    • Yale: lìr
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liell
    • Palladius: лир (lir)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liə̯ɻ⁵¹/
  • (Nanjing)
    • Nanjing Pinyin: li̊q
    • Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): liq⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liʔ⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: nap¹ / lap¹
    • Yale: nāp / lāp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: nap⁷ / lap⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: neb¹ / leb¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɐp̚⁵/, /lɐp̚⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lia̍p
    • Hakka Romanization System: liab
    • Hagfa Pinyim: liab⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /li̯ap̚⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: lêb⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /lɛp̚¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lăk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃aʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍p
    • Tâi-lô: lia̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: liap
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /liap̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /liap̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liap̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: li̍p
    • Tâi-lô: li̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lip
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lip̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lip̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lip̚²⁴/

Note:

• lia̍p - vernacular (“grain; small particle; classifier for small, round objects; classifier for any round, solid objects; with hard grains and not mushy”);
• li̍p - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: liab⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lia̍p
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /liap̚⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: lip

Rime
Character	粒
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	緝 (141)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力入切
Baxter	lip
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liɪp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lip̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ljep̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lip̚/
Li Rong	/liəp̚/
Wang Li	/lĭĕp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯əp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lap6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*p.rəp/

  (Zhengzhang): /*rɯb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	粒
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ lip ›
Old Chinese	/*p.rəp/
English	grains of rice
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	粒
Reading #	1/1
No.	7870
Phonetic component	立
Rime group	緝
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	立
Old Chinese	/*rɯb/

Definitions

粒

1. grain

   • 誰知盤中餐，粒粒皆辛苦？ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦？ [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Tang Dynasty, 李紳 [Li Shen], 憫農 [Pitying the Farmer]

     Shéi zhī pán zhōng cān, lì lì jiē xīnkǔ? [Pinyin]

     Who is aware that every grain of the meal in the plate is of toil?

2. small particle
3. Classifier for small, round objects: granule, grain, particle, piece ⇒ all nouns using this classifier

   一粒米  ―  yī lì mǐ  ―  a grain of rice

   一粒糖 [Cantonese]  ―  jat¹ lap¹ tong^4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  a piece of candy

4. (Hokkien, Eastern Min, Taiwanese, Singapore and Malaysian Mandarin) Classifier for any round, solid objects.

   一粒西瓜  ―  yī lì xīguā  ―  a watermelon

   • 故鄉彼粒山　永遠徛佇遐　毋知幾冬 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
     故乡彼粒山　永远徛伫遐　毋知几冬 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

     From: 2018, 許富凱 and 蔡佳麟 (lyricist 徐偉銘), 《疼憨人》

     kò͘-hiong hit lia̍p soaⁿ, éng-oán khiā tī hia, m̄ chai kúi tang [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     The mountain in my hometown stands there forever, for who knows how many years.

5. (Hokkien) with hard grains and not mushy (of rice)
6. (Cantonese) Classifier for hours.
7. (Cantonese) Classifier for offspring.
8. (Cantonese) Classifier for pips (insignia).
9. (Cantonese, by extension) high-ranking police officer; police officer with pips
10. (Cantonese, slang) Classifier for money: ten thousand yuan, dollars, etc.

    Synonym: 個／个

Compounds

• 半粒
• 反粒子 (fǎnlìzǐ)
• 團粒／团粒
• 基本粒子 (jīběn lìzǐ)
• 大粒
• 微粒 (wēilì)
• 晶粒生長／晶粒生长
• 杯水粒粟
• 玉粒
• 番麥粒／番麦粒
• 米粒 (mǐlì)
• 米粒之珠
• 籽粒 (zǐlì)
• 粒兒／粒儿 (lìr)
• 粒子
• 粒度
• 粒米束薪
• 粒米狼戾
• 粒肥 (lìféi)
• 粒變岩／粒变岩
• 粒選／粒选
• 粒雪
• 細粒／细粒
• 細顆粒物／细颗粒物 (xìkēlìwù)
• 絕粒／绝粒
• 線粒體／线粒体 (xiànlìtǐ)
• 脫粒／脱粒 (tuōlì)
• 辟穀絕粒／辟谷绝粒
• 阿伐粒子
• 顆粒／颗粒 (kēlì)
• 顆粒性／颗粒性
• 顆粒物／颗粒物 (kēlìwù)
• 飛芻輓粒／飞刍挽粒
• 飯粒／饭粒 (fànlì)
• 麥粒腫／麦粒肿 (màilìzhǒng)

 

References

• “粒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “Entry #7738”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.

Japanese

Kanji

粒

(Jōyō kanji)

1. grains
2. drop
3. counter for tiny particles

Readings

• Go-on: りゅう (ryū, Jōyō)^{←りふ (rifu, historical)}
• Kan-on: りゅう (ryū, Jōyō)^{←りふ (rifu, historical)}
• Kun: つぶ (tsubu, 粒, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 粒(りゅう)子(し) (ryūshi)

Noun

粒(つぶ) • (tsubu) 

1. grain, bead, drop

Counter

粒(つぶ) • (-tsubu) 

1. counter for small round objects including grains, seeds, pills, drops

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 粒 (MC lip). Recorded as Middle Korean 립〮 (líp) (Yale: lip) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

粒 (eumhun 알 립 (al rip), word-initial (South Korea) 알 입 (al ip))

1. hanja form^? of 립/입 (“grain”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 입자 (粒子, ipja, “particle”)
• 과립 (顆粒, gwarip, “granule”)
• 미립자 (微粒子, miripja, “corpuscle”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

Han character

粒: Hán Nôm readings: lạp, lép

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation