gan
English
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
See gin
Verb
gan
Etymology 2
Probably a variant of gang, from Middle English gangen, from Old English gangan (“to step; walk; go”). More at gang.
Alternative forms
Verb
gan (third-person singular simple present gans, present participle gannin, simple past went, past participle gone)
- (obsolete outside Northumbria) To go.
References
- Frank Graham (1987) The New Geordie Dictionary, →ISBN
- Newcastle 1970s, Scott Dobson and Dick Irwin, [1]
- Todd's Geordie Words and Phrases, George Todd, Newcastle, 1977[2]
- A List of words and phrases in everyday use by the natives of Hetton-le-Hole in the County of Durham, F.M.T.Palgrave, English Dialect Society vol.74, 1896, [3]
- Northumberland Words, English Dialect Society, R. Oliver Heslop, 1893–4
- A Dictionary of North East Dialect, Bill Griffiths, 2005, Northumbria University Press, →ISBN
Anagrams
Antillean Creole
Etymology
Noun
gan
Bambara
Pronunciation
Verb
gan
- to jump
References
- 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
Dutch Low Saxon
Verb
gan
- Alternative spelling of gaon
Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish cen (“besides; without”), from Proto-Celtic *kina (“on this side of”); compare Middle Welsh am-gen (“otherwise”), Breton ken (“otherwise”).
Pronunciation
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "unstressed" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ɡən̪ˠ/
- Lua error in Module:parameters at line 290: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "stressed" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ɡɑn̪ˠ/
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Preposition
gan (plus nominative, triggers no mutation in specific references but lenition in general references)
Usage notes
- Triggers lenition of b, c, g, m, p on unmodified nouns, e.g. gan phingin (“without a penny”). Does not trigger lenition on modified nouns, e.g. gan pingin ina phóca (“without a penny in his pocket”). In the meaning ‘not’, does not trigger lenition on either a verbal noun or on the direct object of the verbal noun, e.g. gan ceannach ‘not to buy’, gan pingin a shaothrú ‘not to earn a penny’.
- Unlike most Irish prepositions, gan governs the nominative, not the dative, and it does not form prepositional pronouns: gan an t-arán (“without the bread”), gan mé (“without me”).
Derived terms
- gan áireamh (“countless, incalculable”)
- gan aithne gan urlabhra (“comatose; dead”)
- gan amhras (“undoubtedly”)
- gan aon agó (“undoubtedly”)
- gan bhail (“invalid, void”)
- gan bheartú (“unpremeditated”)
- gan bhlas (“flavourless”)
- gan bhogadh (“still, impassive”)
- gan bhréag gan áibhéil (“in plain fact”)
- gan cháim (“flawless”)
- gan choinne (“unexpected(ly)”)
- gan choinníoll (“unconditional(ly)”)
- gan chor (“motionless”)
- gan chuimhneamh (“inadvertently”)
- gan chuimse (“limitless”)
- gan chumas, gan mhaith, gan bhrí (“impotent”)
- gan dícheall (“without fail”)
- gan doic (“unhesitatingly”)
- gan dua (“effortless(ly)”)
- gan dúshraith (“baseless”)
- gan éifeacht (“inefficient”)
- gan éislis (“without fail”)
- gan fáth gan ábhar (“for no reason whatever”)
- gan fheiceáil (“unseen”)
- gan fhios (“unknown; secretly”)
- gan locht (“blameless”)
- gan mhuinchillí (“sleeveless”)
- gan mórán achair (“shortly”)
- gan on (“faultless, unblemished”)
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gan”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cen”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “gan”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
- “gan”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
Japanese
Romanization
gan
Kurdish
Verb
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Noun
Latvian
Conjunction
gan
Usage notes
Used in pairs: gan jauna, gan skaista "both young and beautiful"
Mandarin
Romanization
gan
- Nonstandard spelling of gān.
- Nonstandard spelling of gán.
- Nonstandard spelling of gǎn.
- Nonstandard spelling of gàn.
Usage notes
- Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old English ġeġn.
Preposition
gan
- Alternative form of gain (“against”)
Etymology 2
From Old English gān.
Verb
gan
- (Early Middle English, Northern) Alternative form of gon (“to go”)
Etymology 3
From Old English gān, ġegān.
Verb
gan
- Alternative form of gon (“gone”)
Old Dutch
Etymology
2=ǵʰeh₁Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
From Proto-Germanic *gāną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- (“to leave”).
Verb
gān
- to go
Inflection
[[Category:Old Dutch verbs prefixed with {{{pref}}}-|GAN]][[Category:Old Dutch class {{{class}}} strong verbs|GAN]]
Derived terms
Descendants
- Middle Dutch: gâen
Further reading
- “gān”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old English
Alternative forms
Etymology
2=ǵʰeh₁Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
From Proto-Germanic *gāną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- (“to leave”). The verb was defective in Germanic and may only have existed in the present tense.
Pronunciation
Verb
gān
Conjugation
infinitive | gān | gānne |
---|---|---|
indicative mood | present tense | past tense |
first person singular | gā | ēode |
second person singular | gǣst | ēodest |
third person singular | gǣþ | ēode |
plural | gāþ | ēodon |
subjunctive | present tense | past tense |
singular | gā | ēode |
plural | gān | ēoden |
imperative | ||
singular | gā | |
plural | gāþ | |
participle | present | past |
gānde | (ġe)gān |
Derived terms
Descendants
Old Frisian
Etymology
2=ǵʰeh₁Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
From Proto-Germanic *gāną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- (“to leave”).
Verb
gān
- to go
Inflection
infinitive | gān | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | past |
1st person singular | gā | geng |
2nd person singular | gēst | gengest |
3rd person singular | gēth | geng |
plural | gāth | gengun |
subjunctive | present | past |
singular | gāe | genge |
plural | gāe, gāen | genge, gengen |
imperative | present | |
singular | gā | |
plural | gāth | |
participle | present | past |
gānde, gangande | egangen, gangen |
Descendants
Old Saxon
Alternative forms
Etymology
2=ǵʰeh₁Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
From Proto-Germanic *gāną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- (“to leave”).
Verb
gān
- to go
Conjugation
infinitive | gān | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | past |
1st person singular | *gā | gēng |
2nd person singular | *gēs | gēngi |
3rd person singular | gēd | gēng |
plural | *gād | gēngun |
subjunctive | present | past |
1st person singular | *gāe | gēngi |
2nd person singular | *gāes | gēngis |
3rd person singular | *gāe | gēngi |
plural | *gāen | gēngin |
imperative | present | |
singular | *gā | |
plural | *gād | |
participle | present | past |
gāndi | gigangan, gangan |
Descendants
Scots
Alternative forms
Etymology
2=ǵʰeh₁Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
From Northern Middle English gan, from Old English gān (“to go”). Past tense supplied by Old English wenden (“to wend”).
Verb
gan (third-person singular simple present gans, present participle gan, simple past went or wett, past participle been)
- to go
Scottish Gaelic
Pronoun
gan
- them (direct object)
- A bheil sibh gan creidsinn? ― Do you believe them?
Usage notes
- Before words beginning with b, f, m or p gam is used instead.
Related terms
Tok Pisin
Etymology
Noun
gan
Turkmen
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *kiān (“blood”).
Pronunciation
Noun
gan (definite accusative gany, plural ganlar)
Declension
Vietnamese
Etymology
From Proto-Vietic *t-kaːn, from Old Chinese 肝 (OC *kaːn) (SV: can).
Pronunciation
Noun
(classifier lá) gan
Derived terms
Volapük
Pronunciation
Noun
gan (nominative plural gans)
- (male or female) goose
Declension
Hypernyms
Hyponyms
Derived terms
- ganablöt (“breast of goose”)
- ganafoad (“goose liver”)
- ganafoadabastet (“pâté de foie gras, goose liver pâté”)
- ganalecek (“goose-pen, enclosure for geese”)
- ganaleplüm (“goose quill”)
- gananäst (“goose's nest”)
- gananög (“goose's egg”)
- ganapinod (“goose fat”)
- ganapüladil (“goose giblets”)
- ganaskin (“goose skin”)
- ganigaledan (“gooseherd”)
- nifagan (“snow goose”), Chen caerulescens
See also
Welsh
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
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Preposition
gan
- with
- by (authorship)
- (North Wales) to indicate possession
- Mae gen i wallt hir.
- I have long hair.
- used with verbal noun to indicate an action simultaneous with that of the main verb
- 1993, Gareth King, Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar, London: Routledge, →ISBN, p. 131:
- Aeth o gwmpas y stafell gan ofyn yr un cwestiwn i bawb.
- He went around the room asking everyone the same question.
- Aeth o gwmpas y stafell gan ofyn yr un cwestiwn i bawb.
- 1993, Gareth King, Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar, London: Routledge, →ISBN, p. 131:
Usage notes
See [4] for more information.
Inflection
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
Adjective
gan
- Soft mutation of can.
Noun
gan
- Soft mutation of can.
Mutation
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
can | gan | nghan | chan |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Wolof
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Noun
gan (definite form gan gi)
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