pardon
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle English pardonen, from Old French pardoner (modern French pardonner), from Late Latin perdonare, from per- + donare, possibly a calque (if not vice-versa) of a Germanic word represented by Frankish *firgeban (“to forgive, give up completely”), from *fir- + *geban. Akin to Old High German fargeban, firgeban (“to forgive”), Old English forġiefan (“to forgive”). More at forgive.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈpɑːdn̩/
- (General American, Canada) IPA(key): /ˈpɑɹd(ə)n/, [ˈpʰɑ˞dn̩]
Audio (General American): (file) - (New Zealand) IPA(key): /ˈpaːdɘn/, [ˈpʰäːɾɘn]
- Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)dən
- Hyphenation: par‧don
Noun
[edit]pardon (countable and uncountable, plural pardons)
- Forgiveness for an offence.
- 1748, [Samuel Richardson], Clarissa. Or, The History of a Young Lady: […], volumes (please specify |volume=I to VII), London: […] S[amuel] Richardson; […], →OCLC:
- […] a step, that could not be taken with the least hope of ever obtaining pardon from or reconciliation with any of my friends; […]
- (law) An order that releases a convicted criminal without further punishment, prevents future punishment, or (in some jurisdictions) removes an offence from a person's criminal record, as if it had never been committed.
- The President […] shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.
- 1974 September 8, Gerald R. Ford, 00:24 from the start, in Proclamation 4311[1], archived from the original on 18 May 2017, page 2[2]:
- NOW, THEREFORE, I, Gerald R. Ford, President of the United States, pursuant to the pardon power conferred upon me by Article II, Section 2, of the Constitution, have granted and by these presents do grant a full, free, and absolute pardon unto Richard Nixon for all offenses against the United States which he, Richard Nixon, has committed or may have committed or taken part in during the period from July[sic – meaning January] 20, 1969 through August 9, 1974.
- 2001, Barbara Olson, “The Final Frenzy: Finishing Touches on the Legend”, in The Final Days: The Last, Desperate Abuses of Power by the Clinton White House[3] (Politics/Current Affairs), Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 7:
- But the president's most irreversible, almost God-like power is the authority granted to him under Article II, Section 2, of the United States Constitution, "to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses Against the United States. . . ."
The power is absolute-even a serial killer could be pardoned-and utterly unreviewable. It cannot be rescinded by the next president. The president may grant a pardon before a trial, after a trial, or without a trial. Once granted, a pardon can never be taken away.
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Verb
[edit]pardon (third-person singular simple present pardons, present participle pardoning, simple past and past participle pardoned)
- (transitive) To forgive (a person).
- 1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
- O, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth, / That I am meek and gentle with these butchers!
- 1815 December (indicated as 1816), [Jane Austen], Emma: […], volumes (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [Charles Roworth and James Moyes] for John Murray, →OCLC:
- I hope you will not find he has outstepped the truth more than may be pardoned, in consideration of the motive.
- 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter I, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:
- In the old days, to my commonplace and unobserving mind, he gave no evidences of genius whatsoever. He never read me any of his manuscripts, […], and therefore my lack of detection of his promise may in some degree be pardoned.
- (transitive) To refrain from exacting as a penalty.
- c. 1596–1598 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Merchant of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene i]:
- I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it.
- (transitive, law) To grant an official pardon for a crime.
- 1900, Charles W[addell] Chesnutt, chapter I, in The House Behind the Cedars, Boston, Mass.; New York, N.Y.: Houghton, Mifflin and Company […], →OCLC:
- The murderer, he recalled, had been tried and sentenced to imprisonment for life, but was pardoned by a merciful governor after serving a year of his sentence.
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Interjection
[edit]pardon?
- Often used when someone does not understand what another person says.
Synonyms
[edit]- See also Thesaurus:say again
Translations
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Anagrams
[edit]Czech
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Interjection
[edit]pardon
- sorry, I'm sorry, I beg your pardon, I apologize
Further reading
[edit]- “pardon”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935-1957
- “pardon”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Interjection
[edit]pardon
Descendants
[edit]Noun
[edit]pardon n (plural pardons)
Descendants
[edit]French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Interjection
[edit]pardon
Descendants
[edit]- → Bulgarian: пардон (pardon) (colloquial)
- → Czech: pardon (colloquial)
- → Dutch: pardon
- → English: pardon
- → Greek: μπαρδόν (bardón)
- → Hungarian: pardon
- → Macedonian: пардон (pardon)
- → Ottoman Turkish: پاردون (pardon)
- Turkish: pardon
- → Polish: pardon
- → Romanian: pardon
- → Russian: пардон (pardon) (colloquial)
Noun
[edit]pardon m (plural pardons)
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “pardon”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
[edit]Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From French pardon, primarily via German Pardon.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Interjection
[edit]pardon
Noun
[edit]pardon
Declension
[edit]Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | pardon | pardonok |
accusative | pardont | pardonokat |
dative | pardonnak | pardonoknak |
instrumental | pardonnal | pardonokkal |
causal-final | pardonért | pardonokért |
translative | pardonná | pardonokká |
terminative | pardonig | pardonokig |
essive-formal | pardonként | pardonokként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | pardonban | pardonokban |
superessive | pardonon | pardonokon |
adessive | pardonnál | pardonoknál |
illative | pardonba | pardonokba |
sublative | pardonra | pardonokra |
allative | pardonhoz | pardonokhoz |
elative | pardonból | pardonokból |
delative | pardonról | pardonokról |
ablative | pardontól | pardonoktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
pardoné | pardonoké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
pardonéi | pardonokéi |
Possessive forms of pardon | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | pardonom | pardonjaim |
2nd person sing. | pardonod | pardonjaid |
3rd person sing. | pardonja | pardonjai |
1st person plural | pardonunk | pardonjaink |
2nd person plural | pardonotok | pardonjaitok |
3rd person plural | pardonjuk | pardonjaik |
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ pardon in Károly Gerstner, editor, Új magyar etimológiai szótár [New Etymological Dictionary of Hungarian] (ÚESz.), Online edition (beta version), Budapest: MTA Research Institute for Linguistics / Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, 2011–2024.
Further reading
[edit]- pardon in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]pardon m inan
- (dated) pardon, forgiveness
- Synonyms: przebaczenie, wybaczenie
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Interjection
[edit]pardon
- (colloquial) sorry, excuse me, I beg your pardon
- Synonym: przepraszam
Further reading
[edit]- pardon in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- pardon in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Interjection
[edit]pardon
- pardon!, pardon me!, excuse me!, I beg your pardon!, sorry!
Noun
[edit]pardon n (uncountable)
Synonyms
[edit]See also
[edit]Swedish
[edit]Noun
[edit]pardon c
- (usually negated) mercy
- utan pardon ― without mercy
Synonyms
[edit]References
[edit]- pardon in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- pardon in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- pardon in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams
[edit]Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ottoman Turkish پاردون (pardon), from French pardon.
Pronunciation
[edit]Interjection
[edit]pardon
- pardon!, pardon me!, excuse me!, I beg your pardon!, sorry!
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰebʰ-
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Late Latin
- English terms derived from Germanic languages
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)dən
- Rhymes:English/ɑː(ɹ)dən/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with quotations
- en:Law
- English terms with usage examples
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English interjections
- Czech lemmas
- Czech interjections
- Dutch terms borrowed from French
- Dutch terms derived from French
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɔn
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch interjections
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -s
- Dutch neuter nouns
- nl:Law
- French deverbals
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French interjections
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- French phrasebook
- Hungarian terms borrowed from French
- Hungarian terms derived from French
- Hungarian terms borrowed from German
- Hungarian terms derived from German
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Hungarian/on
- Rhymes:Hungarian/on/2 syllables
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian interjections
- Hungarian nouns
- Hungarian dated terms
- hu:Law
- Polish terms borrowed from French
- Polish terms derived from French
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/ardɔn
- Rhymes:Polish/ardɔn/2 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- Polish dated terms
- Polish interjections
- Polish colloquialisms
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian interjections
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian uncountable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Romanian dated terms
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- Turkish terms inherited from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from Ottoman Turkish
- Turkish terms derived from French
- Turkish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Turkish lemmas
- Turkish interjections