citizen
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See also: Citizen
English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle English citeseyn, citezein, borrowed from Anglo-Norman citesain (“burgher; city-dweller”), citezein etc., probably a variant of cithein under influence of deinzein (“denizen”), from Anglo-Norman and Old French citeain etc. and citaien, citeien etc. ("burgher"; modern French citoyen), from cité ("settlement; cathedral city, city"; modern French cité) + -ain or -ien (“-an, -ian”). See city and hewe.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]citizen (plural citizens)
- A resident of a city or town, especially one with legally-recognized rights or duties. [from 14th c.]
- 1862 July – 1863 August, George Eliot [pseudonym; Mary Ann Evans], “What Florence was Thinking of”, in Romola. […], volume II, London: Smith, Elder and Co., […], published 1863, →OCLC, book II, page 180:
- [T]hat large body of the working men who were not counted as citizens and had not so much as a vote to serve as an anodyne to their stomachs were likely to get impatient.
- A legally-recognized member of a state, with associated rights and obligations; a person considered in terms of this role. [from 14th c.]
- 1990, House of Cards, season 1, episode 4:
- Assistant: You'll meet with the managing director and Dr Sinita Brahmachari, the engineer who designed the chair.
Peter Mackenzie: Indian, is he?
Assistant: She is a British citizen, Minister. Born in Coventry.
- 2012 January, Steven Sloman, “The Battle Between Intuition and Deliberation”, in American Scientist[1], volume 100, number 1, archived from the original on 8 January 2012, page 74:
- Libertarian paternalism is the view that, because the way options are presented to citizens affects what they choose, society should present options in a way that “nudges” our intuitive selves to make choices that are more consistent with what our more deliberative selves would have chosen if they were in control.
- I am a Roman citizen.
- Synonyms: countryman, national
- Antonyms: alien, illegal alien, foreigner, (colloquial) illegal
- Hyponyms: first-class citizen, second-class citizen, third-class citizen, native, naturalized citizen, senior citizen, corporate citizen
- An inhabitant or occupant: a member of any place. [from 14th c.]
- Diogenes reckoned himself a citizen of the world.
- 1979 October, Boys' Life, page 33:
- A jellyfish... carries poison cells that can sting other citizens of the sea.
- (Christianity) A resident of the heavenly city or (later) of the kingdom of God: a Christian; a good Christian. [from 15th c.]
- A civilian, as opposed to a police officer, soldier, or member of some other specialized (usually state) group. [from 16th c.]
- (obsolete) An ordinary person, as opposed to nobles and landed gentry on one side and peasants, craftsmen, and laborers on the other. [17th–19th c.]
- 1782, Frances Burney, Cecilia, III.v.6:
- [W]ould Mr. Delvile, who hardly ever spoke but to the high-born, without seeming to think his dignity somewhat injured, deign to receive for a daughter in law the child of a citizen and tradesman?
- (now historical, usually capitalized) A term of address among French citizens during the French Revolution or towards its supporters elsewhere; (later, dated) a term of address among socialists and communists. [from 18th c.]
- 1859, Charles Dickens, “In Secret”, in A Tale of Two Cities, London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, book III (The Track of a Storm), page 166:
- Citizen, I desire nothing more than to get to Paris, though I could dispense with the escort.
- Synonym: (term of address among communists) comrade
- (computing) An object.
Synonyms
[edit]Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “resident of a city”): countryfolk, country gentleman, countryman, peasant, villager
Hyponyms
[edit]- (person who is legally recognized as a member or resident): first-class citizen, second-class citizen, third-class citizen
Derived terms
[edit]- anticitizen
- citizen band
- citizendom
- citizeness
- citizenhood
- citizenise
- citizenish
- citizenism
- citizenist
- citizenization
- citizenize
- citizen journalism
- citizen journalist
- citizen king
- citizen life
- citizenlike
- citizenly
- citizen magistrate
- citizen media
- citizen of nature
- citizen of the world
- citizen prince
- citizenry
- citizen's arrest
- citizens band
- citizens' band
- Citizens' Charter
- citizen science
- citizen scientist
- citizenship
- citizens' media
- citizen soldier
- citizen sovereign
- cocitizen
- concitizen
- corporate citizen
- cybercitizen
- dual citizen
- fellow citizen
- market citizen
- NCTzen
- netizen
- noncitizen
- private citizen
- protocitizen
- semicitizen
- shitizen
- sovereign citizen
- supercitizen
- uncitizen
- undercitizen
- world citizen
Related terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]legal member of a state
|
antonym to "subject"
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legal resident of a city
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resident of any particular place
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civilian
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
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References
[edit]- Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed. "citizen, n. and adj." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2014.
Anagrams
[edit]Categories:
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Anglo-Norman
- English terms derived from Old French
- English 3-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with usage examples
- en:Christianity
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English terms with historical senses
- en:Computing
- en:People