俗
See also: 𠈻
Translingual
Han character
俗 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人金人口 (OCOR), four-corner 28268, composition ⿰亻谷)
Usage notes
This character is not to be confused with 𠈻 (U+2023B) which has 𧮫 instead of 谷 as its right component.
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 105, character 9
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 695
- Dae Jaweon: page 221, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 163, character 10
- Unihan data for U+4FD7
Chinese
| simp. and trad. |
俗 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 俗 | |||||||||||||||||||
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| Western Zhou | Spring and Autumn | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |||||||||||||||
| Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | |||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljoɡ) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 谷 (OC *ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ) – customs of people.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *luk (“custom; manner”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan ལུགས (lugs, “tradition; custom”).
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siu̍k
- Eastern Min (BUC): sṳ̆k
- Southern Min
- Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): 8zoq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: sú
- Wade–Giles: su2
- Yale: sú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: swu
- Palladius: су (su)
- Sinological IPA (key): /su³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zuk6
- Yale: juhk
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk9
- Guangdong Romanization: zug6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʊk̚²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siu̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: xiug
- Hagfa Pinyim: xiug6
- Sinological IPA: /si̯uk̚⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: sṳ̆k
- Sinological IPA (key): /syʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio̍k
- Tâi-lô: sio̍k
- Phofsit Daibuun: siok
- IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /siɔk̚²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɔk̚¹²¹/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɔk̚⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sio̍h
- Tâi-lô: sio̍h
- Phofsit Daibuun: sioih
- IPA (Quanzhou): /sioʔ²⁴/
- IPA (Xiamen): /sioʔ⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
Note:
- sio̍k - literary;
- sio̍h - vernacular (俗).
- Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | 俗 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /su³⁵/ |
| Harbin | /ɕy²⁴/ /su²⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /ɕy⁴⁵/ /su⁴⁵/ | |
| Jinan | /ɕy⁴²/ | |
| Qingdao | /sy⁴²/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /sy⁴²/ | |
| Xi'an | /ɕy²⁴/ | |
| Xining | /ɕy²⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /ɕy¹³/ | |
| Lanzhou | /su⁵³/ | |
| Ürümqi | /su²¹³/ | |
| Wuhan | /səu²¹³/ | |
| Chengdu | /ɕyo³¹/ /ɕy³¹/ | |
| Guiyang | /ɕiu²¹/ | |
| Kunming | /su³¹/ | |
| Nanjing | /suʔ⁵/ | |
| Hefei | /suəʔ⁵/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕyəʔ⁵⁴/ |
| Pingyao | /ɕyʌʔ⁵³/ | |
| Hohhot | /ɕyəʔ⁴³/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /zoʔ¹/ |
| Suzhou | /zoʔ³/ | |
| Hangzhou | /d͡zoʔ²/ | |
| Wenzhou | /jo²¹³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /su²²/ |
| Tunxi | /siu⁵/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /səu²⁴/ |
| Xiangtan | /səɯ²⁴/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /ɕiuʔ⁵/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /siuk̚⁵/ |
| Taoyuan | /siuk̚⁵⁵/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sok̚²/ |
| Nanning | /suk̚²²/ | |
| Hong Kong | /t͡suk̚²/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /siɔk̚⁵/ /sioʔ⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /syʔ⁵/ | |
| Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /sy²⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Teochew) | /sok̚⁵/ | |
| Haikou (Hainanese) | /tok̚³/ |
- Middle Chinese: zjowk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-[ɢ]ok/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ljoɡ/
Definitions
- vulgar; unrefined; common; popular; vernacular
- (Southern Min) cheap; inexpensive
- custom; practice; habit
- (Buddhism) those of the secular world; non-monks
Synonyms
Compounds
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Further reading
- “Entry #4706”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2023.
Japanese
Kanji
俗
Readings
Compounds
Adjectival noun
俗 • (zoku) -na (adnominal 俗な (zoku na), adverbial 俗に (zoku ni))
- worldly
- vulgar
- common, lay
- 俗に言う
- zoku ni iu
- what is commonly referred to as
- 俗に言えば
- zoku ni ieba
- to use a common phrase
- 俗に言う
Inflection
Inflection of 俗
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 俗だろ | ぞくだろ | zoku daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 俗で | ぞくで | zoku de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 俗だ | ぞくだ | zoku da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 俗な | ぞくな | zoku na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 俗なら | ぞくなら | zoku nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 俗であれ | ぞくであれ | zoku de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 俗ではない 俗じゃない |
ぞくではない ぞくじゃない |
zoku de wa nai zoku ja nai |
| Informal past | 俗だった | ぞくだった | zoku datta |
| Informal negative past | 俗ではなかった 俗じゃなかった |
ぞくではなかった ぞくじゃなかった |
zoku de wa nakatta zoku ja nakatta |
| Formal | 俗です | ぞくです | zoku desu |
| Formal negative | 俗ではありません 俗じゃありません |
ぞくではありません ぞくじゃありません |
zoku de wa arimasen zoku ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 俗でした | ぞくでした | zoku deshita |
| Formal negative past | 俗ではありませんでした 俗じゃありませんでした |
ぞくではありませんでした ぞくじゃありませんでした |
zoku de wa arimasen deshita zoku ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 俗で | ぞくで | zoku de |
| Conditional | 俗なら（ば） | ぞくなら（ば） | zoku nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 俗だったら | ぞくだったら | zoku dattara |
| Volitional | 俗だろう | ぞくだろう | zoku darō |
| Adverbial | 俗に | ぞくに | zoku ni |
| Degree | 俗さ | ぞくさ | zokusa |
Noun
Derived terms
Derived terms
Korean
Hanja
俗 (eum 속 (sok))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Vietnamese
Han character
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Categories:
- Translingual lemmas
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading みち
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading よ
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese な-na adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
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