暴

See also: 異

暴 U+FA06, 暴 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA06 ← 洞 [U+FA05] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 輻 → [U+FA07]

Translingual

Han character

暴 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 日廿金水 (ATCE), four-corner 6013₂, composition ⿳日共氺)

Derived characters

• 儤, 嚗, 𢖔, 懪, 㩧, 瀑, 曝, 𦢊, 𣞺, 爆, 犦, 𭻶, 䂍, 𥗋, 𮂡, 𦆿, 𧔙, 襮, 𧭤, 𧲐, 𨇅, 䤖, 鑤, 𢑾, 鸔, 𣋰, 𣀛, 𣀠, 㿺, 𩁠, 𩙕, 𪇰, 𮆭, 𩯱

Further reading

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 499, character 29
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14137
• Dae Jaweon: page 868, character 35
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1532, character 15
• Unihan data for U+66B4

• Unihan data for U+FA06

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		暴
alternative forms		㫧 㬥 㬧 曓 𣉱 㫧 㬥 㬧 曓 𣉱 𣊴 𣊻 曝 虣 𣋏 𣋳 𣋴

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 暴
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (暴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
暴	*boːwɢs, *boːɡ
曝	*boːwɢs, *boːɡ
瀑	*boːwɢs, *boːɡ
虣	*boːwɢs
爆	*proːwɢs, *poːwɢ, *proːwɢ
襮	*poːwɢ, *poːwɢ
嚗	*proːwɢ
謈	*pʰroːwɢ, *broːwɢ
犦	*broːwɢ, *poːwɢ
懪	*broːwɢ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) – originally (in oracle script) the antler of a buck (at bottom), indicating a savage attack. Subsequently significantly simplified and abstracted: in seal script analyzed as 日 + 出 + 廾 + 米, while in current form rather 日 + 共 + 水 (similar to unrelated 異); compare bottom component to bottom right of 様.

Etymology 1

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 暴

1. sudden
2. violent; cruel; brutal; tyrannical
3. to show; to expose
4. to injure

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (暴):

• → Japanese: 暴(ぼう) (bō)
• → Korean: 폭(暴) (pok)
• → Vietnamese: bạo (暴)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 暴 – see 㿺 (“to stick out; to bulge”). (This character is a variant form of 㿺).

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Japanese

Kanji

暴

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. violent; brutal; fierce

Readings

• Go-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō); ぼく (boku)
• Kan-on: ほう (hō); ほく (hoku)
• Kan’yō-on: ばく (baku, Jōyō ^†)
• Kun: あばく (abaku, 暴く, Jōyō); あばれる (abareru, 暴れる, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

• 暴(ぼう)君(くん) (bōkun)
• 暴(ぼう)言(げん) (bōgen)
• 暴(ぼう)行(こう) (bōkō)
• 暴(ぼう)走(そう) (bōsō)
• 暴(ぼう)徒(と) (bōto)
• 暴(ぼう)怒(ど) (bōdo, “rage”)
• 暴(ぼう)騰(とう) (bōtō)
• 暴(ぼう)投(とう) (bōtō)
• 暴(ぼう)動(どう) (bōdō)
• 暴(ぼう)発(はつ) (bōhatsu)
• 暴(ぼう)風(ふう) (bōfū)
• 暴(ぼう)落(らく) (bōraku)
• 暴(ぼう)力(りょく) (bōryoku)
• 横(おう)暴(ぼう) (ōbō)
• 凶(きょう)暴(ぼう) (kyōbō)
• 強(きょう)暴(ぼう) (kyōbō)
• 乱(らん)暴(ぼう) (ranbō)
• 邪(じゃ)智(ち)暴(ぼう)虐(ぎゃく) (jachibōgyaku)
• 暴(ばく)露(ろ) (bakuro)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
暴
ぼう Grade: 5
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 暴 (MC bawH, “violent”).

Adjectival noun

暴(ぼう) • (bō) -na (adnominal 暴(ぼう)な (bō na), adverbial 暴(ぼう)に (bō ni))

1. violent

Inflection

Inflection of 暴

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	暴だろ	ぼうだろ	bō daro
Continuative (連用形)	暴で	ぼうで	bō de
Terminal (終止形)	暴だ	ぼうだ	bō da
Attributive (連体形)	暴な	ぼうな	bō na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	暴なら	ぼうなら	bō nara
Imperative (命令形)	暴であれ	ぼうであれ	bō de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	暴ではない 暴じゃない	ぼうではない ぼうじゃない	bō de wa nai bō ja nai
Informal past	暴だった	ぼうだった	bō datta
Informal negative past	暴ではなかった 暴じゃなかった	ぼうではなかった ぼうじゃなかった	bō de wa nakatta bō ja nakatta
Formal	暴です	ぼうです	bō desu
Formal negative	暴ではありません 暴じゃありません	ぼうではありません ぼうじゃありません	bō de wa arimasen bō ja arimasen
Formal past	暴でした	ぼうでした	bō deshita
Formal negative past	暴ではありませんでした 暴じゃありませんでした	ぼうではありませんでした ぼうじゃありませんでした	bō de wa arimasen deshita bō ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	暴で	ぼうで	bō de
Conditional	暴なら（ば）	ぼうなら（ば）	bō nara (ba)
Provisional	暴だったら	ぼうだったら	bō dattara
Volitional	暴だろう	ぼうだろう	bō darō
Adverbial	暴に	ぼうに	bō ni
Degree	暴さ	ぼうさ	bōsa

Noun

暴(ぼう) • (bō) 

1. violentness

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Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 暴 (MC buwk, “to expose to the sun”).

Hanja

Wikisource

暴 (eumhun 나타날 폭 (natanal pok))
暴 (eumhun 드러날 폭 (deureonal pok))

1. (only in compounds) hanja form^? of 폭 (“fierce; violent; brutal”)
2. (literary Chinese) hanja form^? of 폭 (“to show; to appear; to manifest”)

Usage notes

The original hanja reading for the sense "fierce; violent; brutal" is 포 (po) based on Middle Chinese 暴 (MC bawH). The reading 폭 (pok) for this sense is a 속음 (俗音, sogeum, “unorthodox reading that became widespread”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 폭군 (暴君, pokgun)
• 폭동 (暴動, pokdong)
• 폭등 (暴騰, pokdeung)
• 폭락 (暴落, pongnak)
• 폭력 (暴力, pongnyeok)
• 폭로 (暴露, pongno)
• 폭리 (暴利, pongni)
• 폭망 (暴亡, pongmang)
• 폭발 (暴發, pokbal)
• 폭부 (暴富, pokbu)
• 폭사 (暴死, poksa)
• 폭설 (暴雪, pokseol)
• 폭식 (暴食, poksik)
• 폭압 (暴壓, pogap)
• 폭언 (暴言, pogeon)
• 폭염 (暴炎, pogyeom)
• 폭우 (暴雨, pogu)
• 폭음 (暴飮, pogeum)
• 폭정 (暴政, pokjeong)
• 폭주 (暴注, pokju)
• 폭주 (暴走, pokju)
• 폭주 (暴酒, pokju)
• 폭탈 (暴奪, poktal)
• 폭풍 (暴風, pokpung)
• 폭행 (暴行, pokhaeng)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 暴 (MC bawH, “violent”).

Hanja

暴 (eumhun 사나울 포 (sanaul po))

1. hanja form^? of 포 (“fierce; violent; brutal”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 포기 (暴棄, pogi)
• 포악 (暴惡, poak)
• 난포 (亂暴, nanpo)
• 횡포 (橫暴, hoengpo)
• 흉포 (凶暴, hyungpo)
• 자포자기 (自暴自棄, japojagi)

Etymology 3

Hanja

暴 (eumhun 앙상할 박 (angsanghal bak))

1. (literary Chinese) hanja form^? of 박 (“sparse; bare; thin; skinny”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 박락 (暴樂, bangnak)
• 박포 (暴布, bakpo)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

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Vietnamese

Han character

暴: Hán Việt readings: bạo (薄(bạc)報(báo)切(thiết)), bộc (步(bộ)木(mộc)切(thiết))
暴: Nôm readings: bạo, bão, bộc, bậu, bẹo

1. chữ Hán form of bạo (“ferocious; cruel; violent”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 暴主 (bạo chúa)
• 暴力 (bạo lực)
• 殘暴 (tàn bạo)