灰

灰 U+2F835, 灰 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F835 ← 𠨬 [U+2F834] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 及 → [U+2F836]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

灰 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+2, 6 strokes, cangjie input 大火 (KF), four-corner 4080₉ or 7128₉, composition ⿸𠂇火(GHTK) or ⿸厂火(JV or U+2F835))

Derived characters

• 𠗇, 咴, 㞀, 恢, 拻, 洃, 脄, 烣, 㷇, 詼(诙), 炭, 盔

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 665, character 9
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18859
• Dae Jaweon: page 1075, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2188, character 4
• Unihan data for U+7070

• Unihan data for U+2F835

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Chinese

trad.		灰
simp. #		灰

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 灰
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (灰) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
脄	*mɯːs, *mɯː
盔	*km̥ʰɯː
詼	*km̥ʰlɯː
恢	*km̥ʰɯː
灰	*hmɯː

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 又 (“hand”) + 火 (“fire”) – fire that can be touched with the hand (ash). 又 has been modified to 𠂇; compare 友 (“friend”), 右 (“right”).

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pʷut ~ hwut (“ashes, dust”) (STEDT; Schuessler (2007) reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *wu). Compare Mizo vutᴸ, Apatani mù-bu, Manipuri ut, Northern Tujia bu³ ci².

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huī (hui¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fui¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fôi

  (Meixian, Guangdong): foi¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): ŭ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hoe / he / her

  (Teochew, Peng'im): huê¹ / hui¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹hue

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huī
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: huei
    • Wade–Giles: hui¹
    • Yale: hwēi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huei
    • Palladius: хуэй (xuej)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯eɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: fui¹
    • Yale: fūi
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fui¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: fui¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuːi̯⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fôi
    • Hakka Romanization System: foi´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: foi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /foi̯²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: foi¹
    • Sinological IPA: /foɪ⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoe
    • Tâi-lô: hue
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoef
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan): /hue⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hue³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei, Magong, Hsinchu)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: he
    • Tâi-lô: he
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hef
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /he⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Hsinchu)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: her
    • Tâi-lô: her
    • IPA (Kinmen): /hə⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /hə³³/

Note:

• Xiamen, Quanzhou:
  • he/her - vernacular;
  • hoe - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: huê¹ / hui¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hue / hui
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hue³³/, /hui³³/

Note: hui1 - alternative pronunciation when meaning "grey" (灰色).

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹hue
    • MiniDict: hue^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹hue
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /hue⁵³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 灰
Mandarin	Beijing	/xuei⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/xuei⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/xuei²¹/
	Jinan	/xuei²¹³/
	Qingdao	/xue²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/xuei²⁴/
	Xi'an	/xuei²¹/
	Xining	/xuɨ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/xuei⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/xuei³¹/
	Ürümqi	/xuei⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/xuei⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/xuei⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/xuei⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/xuei⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/xuəi³¹/
	Hefei	/xue²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xuei¹¹/
	Pingyao	/xuæ¹³/
	Hohhot	/xuei³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/hue⁵³/
	Suzhou	/hue̞⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/hui³³/
	Wenzhou	/fai³³/
Hui	Shexian	/xuɛ³¹/
	Tunxi	/xuə¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/fei³³/
	Xiangtan	/ɸəi³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/fɨi⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/foi⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/foi²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/fui⁵³/
	Nanning	/fui⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/fui⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/hue⁵⁵/ /he⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/huoi⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/xo⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/hue³³/ /hui³³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/hui²³/ /hu²³/ /hue²³/

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• Middle Chinese: xwoj

Rime
Character	灰
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	灰 (42)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	呼恢切
Baxter	xwoj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/huʌi/
Pan Wuyun	/huoi/
Shao Rongfen	/xuɒi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hwəj/
Li Rong	/xuᴀi/
Wang Li	/xuɒi/
Bernard Karlgren	/xuɑ̆i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fui1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤə/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hmɯː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	灰
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huī
Middle Chinese	‹ xwoj ›
Old Chinese	/*m̥ˁə/
English	ashes
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	灰
Reading #	1/1
No.	5414
Phonetic component	灰
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	灰
Old Chinese	/*hmɯː/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 灰

1. lime; mortar
   • 灰泥 (huīní, “plaster, mortar”)
   • 石灰 (shíhuī, “lime”)
   • 灰岩 (huīyán, “limestone”)
2. dust; ash

   • 電腦屏幕上有一層灰。 [MSC, trad.]
     电脑屏幕上有一层灰。 [MSC, simp.]

     Diànnǎo píngmù shàng yǒu yī céng huī. [Pinyin]

     There's a layer of dust on the computer screen.

   • 他吹乾淨這本書上的灰。 [MSC, trad.]
     他吹干净这本书上的灰。 [MSC, simp.]

     Tā chuī qiánjìng zhè běn shū shàng de huī. [Pinyin]

     He blew out the dust on the book.

3. grey
   • 灰色 (huīsè, “gray color”)
4. disheartened
5. The tenth day of the month in Chinese telegraph messages
6. (Cantonese, slang) powdered drug; heroin

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 海洛因 (“heroin”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		海洛因, 海洛英
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	白麵兒, 老海 dated
	Taiwan	海洛因, 白粉
	Singapore	白粉
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	白麵兒, 老海
	Xi'an	白麵兒
Lanyin Mandarin	Ürümqi	白麵兒
Southwestern Mandarin	Dagudi (Maliba)	白粉
	Reshuitang (Longling)	白粉, 粉藥
	Mae Salong (Lancang)	白粉, 粉藥
	Mae Sai (Tengchong)	白粉
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	白麵子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	白粉
	Hong Kong	海洛英, 白粉, 粉, 灰, 四仔
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	白粉
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	白粉
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	白粉
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	海洛英
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	白粉
	Móng Cái	白粉
Hakka	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	白粉
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	海洛因
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	海洛因
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	海洛因
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	海洛因
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	海洛因
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	海洛因
	Senai (Huiyang)	白粉
Jin	Taiyuan	料子
	Xinzhou	料子
Southern Min	Xiamen	海洛因
	Singapore (Hokkien)	白粉
	Chaozhou	白粉
	Shantou	白粉
	Jieyang	白粉
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	白粉
	Pontianak (Teochew)	下洛因
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	白粉
Wu	Danyang	白粉, 白麵
	Wenzhou	白粉

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 灰 – see 烌 (“(Min Nan) dust; ash”). (This character is a variant form of 烌).

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

灰

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. ashes
2. puckery juice
3. cremate

Readings

• Go-on: け (ke)^{←け (ke, historical)←くゑ (kwe, ancient)}
• Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)^{←くわい (kwai, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: くい (kui)
• Kun: はい (hai, 灰, Jōyō)^{←はひ (fafi, 灰, historical)}

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
灰
はい Grade: 6
kun'yomi

Noun

灰(はい) • (hai) ^{←はひ (fafi)?}

1. ash

   塵(ちり)は塵(ちり)に、灰(はい)は灰(はい)に

   chiri wa chiri ni, hai wa hai ni

   dust to dust, ashes to ashes

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
灰
かい Grade: 6
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 灰 (MC xwoj).

Affix

灰(かい) • (kai) ^{←くわい (kwai)?}

1. ash; ashes

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Korean

Hanja

灰 • (hoe) (hangeul 회, McCune–Reischauer hoe, Yale hoy)

1. ashes
2. dust
3. lime
4. mortar

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Vietnamese

Han character

(deprecated template usage) 灰 (hôi, hoi, khôi, vôi, hui)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.