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===Etymology 2===
===Etymology 2===
{{ja-kanjitab|と|さ|yomi=kun,nanori}}
{{ja-kanjitab|と|さ|yomi=kun,nanori}}

From {{inh|ja|jpx-pro|sort=とさ|*tosa}}. {{rfv-etym|ja}}
Possibly from {{bor|ja|ain|[[to]] [[sam]]|lit=[[lake]] + [[side]]}}.<ref>{{Cite web|title=よみがえる十三湊（とさみなと）遺跡|url=https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/kenkyuu/kenkyuusya/kojima/iseki.html|url-status=live|website=National Museum of Japanese History}}</ref><ref>{{R:ain:B}}</ref>

Not attested until the late 900s in reference to {{m|ja||{{w|lang=ja|十三湊}}|tr=Tosa Minato|{{w|Tosaminato|Tosa Harbor}}}}, a natural [[harbor]] on the western shore of what is now {{w|Aomori Prefecture}}. This harbor is located in historically Ainu territory and became an important trading port in the 900s.

The use of the kanji characters {{m|ja|十|tr=to||ten|pos=from Old Japanese}} and {{m|ja|三|tr=sa||three|pos=from Chinese; irregular pronunciation, truncation of ''san''}} is an example of {{ateji}}.


====Pronunciation====
====Pronunciation====
{{ja-pron|とさ}}
{{ja-pron|とさ}}


====Numeral====
====Proper noun====
{{ja-noun|とさ}}
{{ja-pos|proper|とさ}}


# a place name
# [[thirteen]]; [[13]]
# {{surname|ja|sort=とさ}}


=====Derived terms=====
=====Derived terms=====
⚫
* {{ja-r|十三の砂山|^とさ の ^すなやま}}
* {{ja-r|十三湊|^とさ ^みなと}}
* {{ja-r|十三湊|^とさ ^みなと}}
⚫
* {{ja-r|十三の砂山|^とさ の ^すなやま}}


===Etymology 3===
===Etymology 3===
Line 99: Line 105:


# {{given name|ja|male|sort=しゅうぞう'}}
# {{given name|ja|male|sort=しゅうぞう'}}

===References===
<references/>


[[Category:Japanese numeral symbols|13]]
[[Category:Japanese numeral symbols|13]]

Revision as of 20:57, 15 May 2023

Chinese

ten three
simp. and trad.
(十三) 		十 三
anagram 三十
Chinese cardinal numbers
 <  12 13 14  > 
    Cardinal : 十三 (shísān)

Pronunciation

Numeral

十三

  1. thirteen; 13

Derived terms

Lua error in Module:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (十三):
  • → Japanese: 十三(じゅうさん) (jūsan)
  • → Korean: 십삼(十三) (sipsam)

Proper noun

十三

  1. (～村) Shisan (a village in Huilong, Fang, Shiyan, Hubei, China)

(deprecated template usage)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Japanese cardinal numbers
 <  12 13 14  > 
    Cardinal : 十三
Kanji in this term
十 三
じゅう
Grade: 1 		さん
Grade: 1
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese.

Pronunciation

Numeral

十(じゅう)三(さん) • (jūsan) ←じふさん (zifusan)?

  1. thirteen; 13
Coordinate terms
Japanese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Regular 零(れい) (rei)
零(ゼロ) (zero) 		一(いち) (ichi) 二(に) (ni) 三(さん) (san) 四(よん) (yon)
四(し) (shi) 		五(ご) (go) 六(ろく) (roku) 七(なな) (nana)
七(しち) (shichi) 		八(はち) (hachi) 九(きゅう) (kyū)
九(く) (ku) 		十(じゅう) (jū)
Formal 壱(いち) (ichi) 弐(に) (ni) 参(さん) (san) 拾(じゅう) (jū)
90 100 300 600 800 1,000 3,000 8,000 10,000 100,000,000
Regular 九(きゅう)十(じゅう) (kyūjū) 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku) 		三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku) 六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku) 千(せん) (sen)
一(いっ)千(せん) (issen) 		三(さん)千(ぜん) (sanzen) 八(はっ)千(せん) (hassen) 一(いち)万(まん) (ichiman) 一(いち)億(おく) (ichioku)
Formal 一(いち)萬(まん) (ichiman)
1012 8×1012 1013 1016 6×1016 8×1016 1017 1018
一(いっ)兆(ちょう) (itchō) 八(はっ)兆(ちょう) (hatchō) 十(じゅっ)兆(ちょう) (jutchō) 一(いっ)京(けい) (ikkei) 六(ろっ)京(けい) (rokkei) 八(はっ)京(けい) (hakkei) 十(じゅっ)京(けい) (jukkei) 百(ひゃっ)京(けい) (hyakkei)
Derived terms
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
十 三
と
Grade: 1 		さ
Grade: 1
kun'yomi nanori

Possibly from Ainu to sam (literally “lake + side”).[1][2]

Not attested until the late 900s in reference to 十三湊 (Tosa Minato, “Tosa Harbor”), a natural harbor on the western shore of what is now Aomori Prefecture. This harbor is located in historically Ainu territory and became an important trading port in the 900s.

The use of the kanji characters 十 (to, “ten”, from Old Japanese) and 三 (sa, “three”, from Chinese; irregular pronunciation, truncation of san) is an example of ateji (当て字).

Pronunciation

Proper noun

十(と)三(さ) • (Tosa) 

  1. a place name
  2. a surname
Derived terms

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
十 三
じゅう
Grade: 1 		ぞう
Grade: 1
on'yomi nanori

Pronunciation

Proper noun

十(じゅう)三(ぞう) • (Jūzō) 

  1. a male given name

References

  1. ^ Template:Cite web
  2. ^ John Batchelor (1905) An Ainu-English-Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language)‎[1], Tokyo, London: Methodist Publishing House; Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner Co.

Korean

Hanja in this term
十三

Numeral

十三 • (sipsam) (hangeul 십삼)

  1. hanja form? of 십삼 (“thirteen”)
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