hail

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /heɪl/, [heɪ̯ɫ]

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -eɪl
• Homophone: hale

Etymology 1

From Middle English hayle, haile, hail, from Old English hæġl, hæġel, from Proto-Germanic *haglaz (compare West Frisian heil, Low German Hagel, Dutch hagel, German Hagel, Danish hagl). Either from Proto-Indo-European *kagʰlos (“pebble”), or from *ḱoḱló-, a reduplication of *ḱel- (“cold”) (compare Old Norse héla (“frost”)).

Root-cognates outside of Germanic include Welsh caill (“testicle”), Breton kell (“testicle”), Lithuanian šešėlis (“shade, shadow”), Ancient Greek κάχληξ (kákhlēx, “pebble”), Albanian çakëll (“pebble”), Sanskrit शिशिर (śíśira, “cool, cold”).

Noun

hail (uncountable)

1. Balls or pieces of ice falling as precipitation, often in connection with a thunderstorm.

Derived terms

• hailstone
• hail storm / hailstorm
• hail shaft / hailshaft

Translations

balls of ice

• Afrikaans: hael
• Ainu: コンル (konru)
• Albanian: breshëri (sq)
• Arabic: بَرَد (ar) m (barad)

  Egyptian Arabic: برد m (barad)

• Armenian: կարկուտ (hy) (karkut)
• Aramaic:

  Classical Syriac: ܒܪܕܐ m (barəḏā)

• Aromanian: grãndini f, grindinã f
• Asturian: pedrisca f, granizu m
• Avar: горо (goro), цӏер (cʼer)
• Azerbaijani: dolu (az)
• Bashkir: боҙ (boź), борсаҡ (borsaq)
• Basque: kazkabar (eu), txingor
• Belarusian: град m (hrad)
• Bengali: শিলাবৃষ্টি (śilabriśṭi)
• Bulgarian: граду́шка (bg) f (gradúška)
• Catalan: calamarsa
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 雹 (bok⁶), 冰雹 (bing¹ bok⁶)

  Hakka: 冰雹 (pên-pho̍k)

  Mandarin: 冰雹 (zh) (bīngbáo), 雹子 (zh) (báozi), 雹 (zh) (báo)

  Min Nan: 雹 (zh-min-nan) (pha̍uh)

• Cornish: keser pl
• Czech: kroupy f pl, krupobití (cs) n
• Danish: hagl (da) n
• Dongxiang: mandëu, mensun
• Dutch: hagel (nl) m
• Esperanto: hajlo
• Estonian: rahe
• Faroese: hagl n, heglingur m
• Finnish: rakeet (fi) pl, raesade
• French: grêle (fr) f
• Friulian: tampieste f
• Galician: sarabia (gl), saraiba (gl) f, pedrazo (gl), saragana f, escarabán m, gresillo m, garaullo m
• Georgian: სეტყვა (seṭq̇va)
• German: Hagel (de) m
• Greek: χαλάζι (el) n (chalázi)

  Ancient: χάλαζα f (khálaza)

• Hebrew: בָּרָד (he) m (barád)
• Hindi: ओला (hi) (olā)
• Hungarian: jégverés (hu), jégeső (hu)
• Icelandic: haglél (is) n
• Ido: greluno (io)
• Indonesian: hujan es (id), hujan batu (id)
• Interlingua: grandine
• Irish: cloichshneachta m
• Italian: grandine (it) f
• Japanese: 雹 (ja) (ひょう, hyō)
• Kalmyk: мөндр (möndr)
• Kazakh: бұршақ (kk) (būrşaq)
• Khmer: ព្រិលគ្រាប់ (pril kruab)
• Korean: 우박 (ko) (ubak)
• Kurdish:

  Kurmanji: ,

  Sorani:

• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Lao: please add this translation if you can
• Latgalian: krusa
• Latin: grandō (la) f
• Latvian: krusa (lv)
• Lithuanian: kruša f
• Low German: Hagel (nds)
• Macedonian: град m (grad)
• Malay: hujan es, hujan batu
• Maori: hukākapu, uawhatu, hukātara, hukāwhatu, uaāwhatu, ua-ā-whatu, nganga, ua nganga
• Miyako: アラリ (arari)
• Mongolian: мөндөр (mn) (möndör)
• Nahuatl: tecihuitl
• Navajo: ńló
• Norman: grile f
• North Frisian: haiel (Föhr)
• Norwegian: hagl (no) n
• Occitan: granissa (oc), grella
• Old English: hæġl m
• Old High German: hagal
• Old Saxon: hagal
• Persian: تگرگ (fa) (tagarg)
• Plautdietsch: Hoagel m
• Polish: grad (pl) m
• Portuguese: granizo (pt) m, saraiva (pt)
• Quechua: chikchi
• Romanian: grindină (ro)
• Romansch: granella f, garniala f, garnela f, garneala f, garnela f
• Russian: град (ru) m (grad)
• Saanich: SḰEL, ḰOLX̱
• Sardinian: gràndhile, gràndhine, gràndili
• Scottish Gaelic: clach-mheallain f
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ту̏ча f, гра̑д m

  Roman: tȕča (sh) f, grȃd (sh) m

• Sicilian: rannula f
• Slovak: krúpa f
• Slovene: toča (sl) f
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: kšupy f pl

  Upper Sorbian: krupy f pl

• Spanish: granizo (es) m, pedrisco (es) m
• Swedish: hagel (sv) n
• Tagalog: graniso
• Taos: į̀ękǫ́ne
• Tatar: боз (tt) (boz)
• Thai: เห็บ (th) (hèp)
• Tibetan: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: dolu (tr)
• Ukrainian: град m (hrad)
• Venetian: tenpesta f
• Vietnamese: mưa đá (vi)
• Vilamovian: graojp m
• Volapük: gräl (vo)
• Welsh: cesair pl, cenllysg pl
• West Frisian: hagel
• Zazaki: torg n du or n pl
• Zhuang: lwgbag
• ǃXóõ: ǁgáã

Verb

hail (third-person singular simple present hails, present participle hailing, simple past and past participle hailed)

1. (impersonal) Of hail, to fall from the sky.

   They say it's going to hail tomorrow.

2. (intransitive) To send or release hail.

   The cloud would hail down furiously within a few minutes.

3. To pour down in rapid succession.

Translations

to fall from the sky, of hail

• Armenian: please add this translation if you can
• Asturian: granizar
• Bulgarian: вали град (vali grad)
• Catalan: calamarsejar (ca)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 落雹 (lok⁶ bok⁶)

  Hakka: 落雹 (lo̍k-pho̍k)

  Mandarin: 下雹 (zh) (xiàbáo), 下冰雹 (xià bīngbáo)

  Min Nan: 落雹 (lo̍h-pha̍uh)

• Cornish: gul keser
• Czech: padat kroupy
• Dutch: hagelen (nl)
• Esperanto: hajli
• Estonian: please add this translation if you can
• Finnish: sataa rakeita
• French: grêler (fr)
• Galician: sarabiar (gl), garaullar, trobiscar, esgarabañar, acantazar, coriscar
• Georgian: please add this translation if you can
• German: hageln (de)
• Greek: πέφτει χαλάζι (péftei chalázi)

  Ancient: χαλαζάω (khalazáō)

• Hebrew: בָּרָד (he) m (barád)
• Hungarian: jégeső esik, esik (hu) (if the subject is jég or jégeső)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Ido: grelar (io)
• Irish: cuir cloichshneachta
• Italian: grandinare (it)
• Latin: grandinat
• Latvian: please add this translation if you can
• Lithuanian: please add this translation if you can
• Macedonian: па́ѓа град (páǵa grad)
• Nahuatl: tecihui
• Norwegian: hagle (no)
• Polish: gradobicie (pl) n
• Portuguese: granizar (pt)
• Quechua: chikchiy
• Romanian: grindina (ro)
• Russian: град идёт (grad idjót)
• Sardinian: randhinare
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: пада град

  Roman: pada grad

• Spanish: granizar (es)
• Swedish: hagla (sv)
• Turkish: dolu yağmak (tr)
• Volapük: grälön (vo)
• Welsh: bwrw cesair, bwrw cenllysg
• Zazaki: torg varayen

to pour down in rapid succession

• Hungarian: záporozik (hu)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

Etymology 2

The adjective hail is a variant of hale (“health, safety”) (from the early 13th century). The transitive verb with the meaning "to salute" is also from the 13th century. The cognate verb heal is already Old English (hǣlan), from Proto-Germanic *hailijaną (“to make healthy, whole, to heal”). Also cognate is whole, from Old English hāl (the spelling with wh- is unetymological, introduced in the 15th century).

Verb

hail (third-person singular simple present hails, present participle hailing, simple past and past participle hailed)

1. (transitive) to greet; give salutation to; salute.
   • 1667, John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book I, 249-252:

     […] Farewel happy Fields / Where Joy for ever dwells: Hail horrours, hail / Infernal world, and thou profoundest Hell / Receive thy new Possessor: […]

2. (transitive) To name; to designate; to call.
   • (Can we date this quote by Milton and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)

     And such a son as all men hailed me happy.

   He was hailed as a hero.

3. (transitive) to call out loudly in order to gain the attention of

   Hail a taxi.

Derived terms

• hailer
• hail from

Translations

to greet

• Armenian: ողջունել (hy) (oġǰunel), բարևել (barewel)
• Bulgarian: поздравявам (bg) (pozdravjavam), приветствам (privetstvam)
• Catalan: saludar (ca)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 叫 (giu³)

  Min Nan: ^{(please verify)} 叫 (zh-min-nan) (kiò)

• Danish: hil
• Dutch: begroeten (nl)
• Esperanto: saluti
• Finnish: tervehtiä (fi)
• French: saluer (fr)
• German: grüßen (de)
• Greek: χαιρετώ (el) (chairetó)
• Hungarian: üdvözöl (hu), odakiált
• Icelandic: heilsa (is)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Ido: salutar (io)
• Italian: salutare (it)
• Macedonian: поздра́вува impf (pozdrávuva)
• Portuguese: saudar (pt)
• Romanian: saluta (ro)
• Russian: приве́тствовать (ru) impf (privétstvovatʹ)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: поздравити

  Roman: pozdraviti (sh)

• Spanish: saludar (es)
• Swedish: hell (sv)
• Tagalog: bati, saludo, pugay
• Walloon: dire bondjoû
• Zazaki: tozgıle

to name, to designate

• Bulgarian: наричам (bg) (naričam)
• Czech: provolat slávu, oslavovat (cs)
• Greek: προσφωνώ (el) (prosfonó)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Hungarian: nevez (hu)
• Portuguese: designar (pt)
• Tagalog: tawag
• Walloon: lomer (wa)

to call out loudly in order to gain the attention of

• Czech: zavolat (cs)
• Finnish: kutsua (fi)
• French: héler (fr)
• Greek: καλώ (el) (kaló), φωνάζω (el) (fonázo)
• Hungarian: hív (hu), kiált (hu)
• Italian: chiamare (it)
• Lao: ເອີ້ນ (ʼœ̄n)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Russian: оклика́ть (ru) impf (oklikátʹ)
• Shan: ႁွင်ႉ (hâ̰ung)
• Spanish: llamar (es)
• Tagalog: tawag
• Thai: เรียก (th) (rîiak)
• Vietnamese: gọi (vi)
• Walloon: houkî (wa)

Adjective

hail (comparative hailer, superlative hailest)

1. (obsolete) Healthy, whole, safe.

Interjection

hail

1. An exclamation of respectful or reverent salutation, or, occasionally, of familiar greeting.
   • (Can we date this quote by Shakespeare and provide title, author’s full name, and other details?)

     Hail, brave friend.

Derived terms

• all hail
• Hail Mary

Translations

greeting

• Arabic: السلام عليك (singular), السلام عليكم (plural)
• Coptic: ⲭⲉⲣⲉ (khere), ⲭⲁⲓⲣⲉ (khaire)
• Egyptian: (j.nḏ_ḥr)
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃 (hails)
• Greek:

  Ancient: χαῖρε sg (khaîre), χαίρετε pl (khaírete)

• Hungarian: üdvözlégy
• Irish: is é do bheatha, go mbeannaítear duit
• Italian: ave (it)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Latin: ave (la) sg, avete pl
• Manx: dy bannee dhyt
• Portuguese: ave (pt)
• Scottish Gaelic: fàilte
• Spanish: ave (es)
• Swedish: hell (sv)
• Tagalog: mabuhay (tl), aba (tl)
• Vandalic: eils
• Westrobothnian:

Anagrams

• Hlai, hila

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Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /halʲ/

Noun

hail

1. h-prothesized form of ail

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Middle English

Noun

hail

1. Alternative form of hayle

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Scots

Etymology 1

From Old English hāl (“healthy, safe”), from Proto-Germanic *hailaz (“whole, safe, sound”), from Proto-Indo-European *kóh₂ilus (“healthy, whole”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [hel]
• (South Scots) IPA^(key): [hjɛl]

Adjective

hail (comparative hailer, superlative hailest)

1. whole
2. free or recovered from disease, healthy, wholesome
3. (of people, parts of the body, etc.) free from injury, safe, sound, unhurt
4. (of material objects and of time, numbers etc.) whole, entire, complete, sound, unbroken, undamaged

Derived terms

Derived terms

• hailly (“wholly, completely”)
• hailins (“wholly, completely, extremely”)
• hail an fere (“in perfect health or condition, strong, unbroken”)
• hail-an-hauden (“absolutely whole”)
• hail-heidit (“unhurt; whole, entire, complete”)
• hail hypothec (“whole of something, the whole concern”)
• hail-hertit (“undaunted, stalwart”)
• hailscart (“without a scratch, scot-free”)
• hail-skint (“having an undamaged skin”)

• hailsome (“wholesome”)
• hail Yuil (“the old Christmas season from December 25th to the twelfth night”)
• hail watter (“downpour”)
• meat-hail (“having a healthy, unimpaired appetite”)
• the hail closhach (“the whole quantity or number”)
• the hail jing-bang (“the whole caboodle”)
• the hail tot (“the sum total, the whole lot”)
• unhailsome (“unwholesome”)

Noun

hail (plural hails)

1. the whole, the whole amount or number

Verb

hail (third-person singular simple present hails, present participle hailin, simple past hailt, past participle hailt)

1. to heal, cure

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [hel]

Verb

hail (third-person singular simple present hails, present participle hailin, simple past hailt, past participle hailt)

1. (sports) to drive the ball through the goal, etc.

Derived terms

• ower hail (“to overtake”)

Noun

hail (plural hails)

1. (sports) goal, the shout when a goal is scored, the goal area

Etymology 3

From Old English hæġl, hæġel, from Proto-Germanic *haglaz, either from Proto-Indo-European *kagʰlos (“pebble”), or from *ḱoḱló-, a reduplication of *ḱel- (“cold”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [hel]

Noun

hail (uncountable)

1. (weather) hail, hailstones
2. small shot, pellets

Derived terms

• hailie-pickle (“hailstone”)
• hailstane (“hailstone”)

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Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hai̯l/

Adjective

hail

1. h-prothesized form of ail (“second”)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
ail	unchanged	unchanged	hail
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

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Westrobothnian

Etymology

From , from , from . Akin to English whole.

Pronunciation 1

Adjective

1. whole, complete, full, entire

   Dem sat å gamsä heilä ättermedagen

   They sat and chewed the fat the entire afternoon.

Pronunciation 2

Verb

1. To heal.