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See also: and
U+507D, 偽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-507D

[U+507C]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+507E]

Translingual

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Traditional
Simplified
Japanese
Korean

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 9, +9, 11 strokes, cangjie input 人戈大火 (OIKF), four-corner 22227, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 112, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 927
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 195, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+507D

Chinese

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trad. /
simp.

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Guwen Sishengyun (compiled in Song) Jizhuan Guwen Yunhai (compiled in Song) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts Transcribed ancient scripts


References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Simplified from (). Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ŋʷrals) : semantic (man) + phonetic (OC *ɢʷal, *ɢʷals, to make), originally “artificial”.

Etymology

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Often thought to be derived from (OC *ɢʷal, “to act as”) (Karlgren, 1956; Wang, 1982; Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

Alternatively, it may be cognate to (OC *ŋʷaːl, “erroneous”) (Schuessler, 2007); this may be compared to Tibetan རྔོད (rngod, to deceive), though the -d in Tibetan is unexplained (Gong, 1995; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2014).

Jacques (2022, 2023) seems to attempt to unify the two etymologies above. He argues the Middle Chinese initial ng- in both (MC ngjweH) and (MC ngwa) come from a middle voice/intransitivizing prefix *ŋ-. , reconstructed as *ŋ-waj-s, would be derived from (OC waj) as the root.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • gūi - literary;
  • ûi/ūi - colloquial variant.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (31)
Final () (14)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter ngjweH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ŋˠiuᴇH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ŋʷᵚiɛH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ŋiuɛH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ŋjwiə̆H/
Li
Rong
/ŋjueH/
Wang
Li
/ŋǐweH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ŋwie̯H/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
wèi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
ngai6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
wěi wěi
Middle
Chinese
‹ ngjweH › ‹ ngjweH ›
Old
Chinese
/*N-ɢʷ(r)aj-s/ /*m-ɢʷ(r)aj-s/
English false falsify; deceive

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 12867
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ŋʷrals/

Definitions

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  1. false; counterfeit; bogus; fake; pseudo-; artificial
      ―  wěi  ―  hypocritical; hypocrisy
      ―  wěizào  ―  to forge; to counterfeit
      ―  wěichāo  ―  counterfeit banknote
    麻黃鹼麻黄碱  ―  wěimáhuángjiǎn  ―  pseudoephedrine
  2. falsehood; untruthfulness
  3. illegal; illegitimate
    政權政权  ―  wěizhèngquán  ―  puppet government
    滿洲國满洲国  ―  Wěi-Mǎnzhōuguó  ―  Manchukuo
    北京大學北京大学  ―  Wěi Běijīng Dàxué  ―  the Peking University under the control of Chinese puppet state of the Empire of Japan

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

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(Jōyō kanjishinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form )

  1. falsehood, lie
  2. fake, forgery

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term

Grade: S
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

/ŋui//ɡwi//ɡi/

From Middle Chinese (MC ngjweH).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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() (gi

  1. a falsehood, lie
    Synonym: 偽り (itsuwari)
  2. (logic) a false statement (usually based without facts)
    Antonyms: (shin), 真理 (shinri)
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
にせ
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
(kyūjitai)

The (れん)(よう)(けい) (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of the verb ()せる (niseru, copy, imitate, forge).[2]

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Adjective

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(にせ) or (ニセ) (nise

  1. a counterfeit, forgery
  2. an imitation, replica
  3. prefixed to nouns:
    1. counterfeit, forged
      (にせ)(さつ)
      nisesatsu
      counterfeit paper money
    2. fake, false
      (にせ)(がく)(せい)
      nise-gakusei
      student with a false identity
Usage notes
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  • This is an example of a word that can be spelled with katakana to convey an informal conversational tone, as ニセ.
Derived terms
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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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(eum (wi))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: ngụy/nguỵ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.