幸福

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Chinese

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fortunate; lucky
good fortune; happiness; luck
good fortune; happiness; luck; Fujian province (abbrev.); surname
 
simp. and trad.
(幸福) 		幸 福
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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 幸 福
Reading # 1/1 2/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 耕 (117) 屋 (4)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) II III
Fanqie 胡耿切 方六切
Baxter heangX pjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦˠɛŋX/ /pɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦᵚæŋX/ /piuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣɐŋX/ /piuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦəɨjŋX/ /puwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/ɣɛŋX/ /piuk̚/
Wang
Li 		/ɣæŋX/ /pĭuk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ɣæŋX/ /pi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hèng fu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hang6 fuk1

Adjective

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幸福

  1. (of one's life, circumstances, etc.) blessed and satisfactory; consummate; joyful; (of a person) living a blessed and contented life
    祝你幸福。  ―  Zhù nǐ xìngfú.  ―  Wish you happiness.
    幸福的家庭  ―  xìngfú de jiātíng  ―  happy family
    幸福的童年  ―  xìngfú de tóngnián  ―  happy childhood
    幸福的婚姻  ―  xìngfú de hūnyīn  ―  happy marriage
    從此過著幸福快樂的日子 [MSC, trad.]
    从此过着幸福快乐的日子 [MSC, simp.]
    cóngcǐ guòzhe xìngfú kuàilè de rìzi [Pinyin]
    to live happily ever after
    單身也可以很幸福。 [MSC, trad.]
    单身也可以很幸福。 [MSC, simp.]
    Dānshēn yě kěyǐ hěn xìngfú. [Pinyin]
    A single life can also be a happy one.
    我們都嚮往幸福的生活。 [MSC, trad.]
    我们都向往幸福的生活。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen dōu xiàngwǎng xìngfú de shēnghuó. [Pinyin]
    We all long for a happy life.

Usage notes

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The meaning of this word is difficult to render accurately in English. It is typically glossed as “happy; happiness” in dictionaries, however, a sharp distinction between 幸福 and some of the other words for “happy” is made in Chinese.

Xingfu typically refers to a state of long-term happiness with one's life, and implies having a loving family, spouse, or a sense of general well-being. This is in contrast to words such as 開心／开心 (kāixīn) and 快樂／快乐 (kuàilè), which refer to a state of fleeting happiness, or a relatively short elevation in mood that comes with certain news, event, activity, etc.

Derived terms

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Noun

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幸福

  1. sense of contentment stemming from having a blessed and fulfilled life; blissful life or living circumstances; happiness
    曬幸福／晒幸福  ―  shài xìngfú  ―  to show off one's moments of happiness (on social media)
    婚姻幸福  ―  hūnyīn xìngfú  ―  to have a happy marriage
    追求幸福  ―  zhuīqiú xìngfú  ―  to pursue happiness
    創造幸福／创造幸福  ―  chuàngzào xìngfú  ―  to create happiness in life
    一點一滴的幸福／一点一滴的幸福  ―  yīdiǎnyīdī de xìngfú  ―  every little bits of happiness in life
    沒有成功，哪來的幸福？ [MSC, trad.]
    没有成功，哪来的幸福？ [MSC, simp.]
    Méiyǒu chénggōng, nǎ lái de xìngfú? [Pinyin]
    How can one be happy without success?

Synonyms

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  • (literary, or in compounds) 福 (fú)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (幸福):

Others:

Proper noun

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幸福

  1. (～里) An urban village in Tamsui district, New Taipei, Taiwan

See also

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Japanese

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Kanji in this term
幸 福
こう
Grade: 3 		ふく
Grade: 3
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
幸福 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

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  • (Tokyo) こーふく [kòófúkú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ko̞ːɸɯ̟̊kɯ̟]
  • Audio:(file)

Adjective

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幸(こう)福(ふく) • (kōfuku) ←かうふく (kaufuku)?-na (adnominal 幸(こう)福(ふく)な (kōfuku na), adverbial 幸(こう)福(ふく)に (kōfuku ni))

  1. happy

Inflection

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Inflection of 幸福
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 幸福だろ こうふくだろ kōfuku daro
Continuative (連用形) 幸福で こうふくで kōfuku de
Terminal (終止形) 幸福だ こうふくだ kōfuku da
Attributive (連体形) 幸福な こうふくな kōfuku na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 幸福なら こうふくなら kōfuku nara
Imperative (命令形) 幸福であれ こうふくであれ kōfuku de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 幸福ではない
幸福じゃない 		こうふくではない
こうふくじゃない 		kōfuku de wa nai
kōfuku ja nai
Informal past 幸福だった こうふくだった kōfuku datta
Informal negative past 幸福ではなかった
幸福じゃなかった 		こうふくではなかった
こうふくじゃなかった 		kōfuku de wa nakatta
kōfuku ja nakatta
Formal 幸福です こうふくです kōfuku desu
Formal negative 幸福ではありません
幸福じゃありません 		こうふくではありません
こうふくじゃありません 		kōfuku de wa arimasen
kōfuku ja arimasen
Formal past 幸福でした こうふくでした kōfuku deshita
Formal negative past 幸福ではありませんでした
幸福じゃありませんでした 		こうふくではありませんでした
こうふくじゃありませんでした 		kōfuku de wa arimasen deshita
kōfuku ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 幸福で こうふくで kōfuku de
Conditional 幸福なら（ば） こうふくなら（ば） kōfuku nara (ba)
Provisional 幸福だったら こうふくだったら kōfuku dattara
Volitional 幸福だろう こうふくだろう kōfuku darō
Adverbial 幸福に こうふくに kōfuku ni
Degree 幸福さ こうふくさ kōfukusa
Classical conjugation of "幸福なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 幸福なら かうふくなら kaufukunara
Continuative (連用形) 幸福に[1]
幸福なり[2]		 かうふくに
かうふくなり		 kaufukuni
kaufukunari
Terminal (終止形) 幸福なり かうふくなり kaufukunari
Attributive (連体形) 幸福なる かうふくなる kaufukunaru
Realis (已然形) 幸福なれ かうふくなれ kaufukunare
Imperative (命令形) 幸福なれ かうふくなれ kaufukunare
Key constructions
Negative 幸福ならず かうふくならず kaufukunarazu
Contrasting conjunction 幸福なれど かうふくなれど kaufukunaredo
Causal conjunction 幸福なれば かうふくなれば kaufukunareba
Conditional conjunction 幸福ならば かうふくならば kaufukunaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 幸福なりき かうふくなりき kaufukunariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 幸福なりけり かうふくなりけり kaufukunarikeri
Adverbial 幸福に かうふくに kaufukuni
[1]Without auxiliary verb.
[2]With auxiliary verb.

Synonyms

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Noun

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幸(こう)福(ふく) • (kōfuku) ←かうふく (kaufuku)?

  1. happiness

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja in this term
幸福

Noun

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幸福 • (haengbok) (hangeul 행복)

  1. hanja form? of 행복 (“happiness”)

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term
幸福

Noun

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幸福

  1. chữ Hán form of hạnh phúc (“happiness”).

Adjective

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幸福

  1. chữ Hán form of hạnh phúc (“happy”).
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