警察
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Chinese
[edit]to alert; to warn; police | examine; inquire; observe examine; inquire; observe; inspect; look into; to examine | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (警察) | 警 | 察 | |
simp. #(警察) | 警 | 察 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jin3 ca2
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): jìngcǎ
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): jǐnchåq
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җинца (žinca, I-I)
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ging2 caat3
- Gan (Wiktionary): 'jin3 cat6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): jing2 ca1
- Northern Min (KCR): gěng-chuŏi
- Eastern Min (BUC): gīng-chák
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): kèng-chhat / kéng-chhat
- (Teochew, Peng'im): gêng6 cag4
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): giang2 caat2
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5cin-tshaq
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): jin3 ca6
- (Loudi, Wiktionary): jin3 ca2*
- (Hengyang, Wiktionary): jin3 ca6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˇ ㄔㄚˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jǐngchá
- Wade–Giles: ching3-chʻa2
- Yale: jǐng-chá
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiingchar
- Palladius: цзинча (czinča)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jin3 ca2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ginca
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁵³ t͡sʰa²¹/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: jìngcǎ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³ t͡sʰa²¹/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: jǐnchåq
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): jin3 chaq5
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕĩ¹¹ ʈ͡ʂʰaʔ⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җинца (žinca, I-I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ²⁴ t͡sʰa²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ging2 caat3
- Yale: gíng chaat
- Cantonese Pinyin: ging2 tsaat8
- Guangdong Romanization: ging2 cad3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɪŋ³⁵ t͡sʰaːt̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: 'jin3 cat6
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˈt͡ɕin²¹³⁻¹³ t͡sʰat̚⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kín-chhat
- Hakka Romanization System: ginˋ cadˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gin3 cad5
- Sinological IPA: /kin³¹ t͡sʰat̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jing2 ca1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕĩŋ⁵³ t͡sʰa¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gěng-chuŏi
- Sinological IPA (key): /keiŋ²¹ t͡sʰuɛ²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gīng-chák
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiŋ³³⁻⁵⁵ (t͡sʰ-)ʒɑʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng-chhat
- Tâi-lô: kìng-tshat
- Phofsit Daibuun: keangzhad
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ t͡sʰat̚³²/
- IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰat̚³²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ t͡sʰat̚⁵/
- IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ²¹⁻⁵³ t͡sʰat̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kéng-chhat
- Tâi-lô: kíng-tshat
- Phofsit Daibuun: kefngzhad
- IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰat̚³²/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sʰat̚³²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gêng6 cag4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kĕng tshak
- Sinological IPA (key): /keŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sʰak̚²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: giang2 caat2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiɐŋ³³ t͡sʰat̚³³/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: jin3 ca6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁴¹ t͡sʰa̠²⁴/
- (Loudi)
- Wiktionary: jin3 ca2*
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin⁴² t͡sʰa̠¹³⁻³³/
- (Hengyang)
- Wiktionary: jin3 ca6
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin³³ t͡sʰä²²/
- (Changsha)
Noun
[edit]警察
- (uncountable) police; police force
- 警察暴力 ― jǐngchá bàolì ― police brutality
- (countable) police officer (Classifier: 名; 位)
- 便衣警察 ― biànyī jǐngchá ― plainclothes police officer
Usage notes
[edit]- Whilst 警察 usually refers to the police and police officers outside mainland China, the equivalent institution in mainland China is officially known as 公安 (gōng'ān), literally, "public security".
Synonyms
[edit]Dialectal synonyms of 警察 (“police; police officer”) [map]
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Zhuang: gingjcaz
Verb
[edit]警察
- (literary) to be vigilant; to be alert; to watch out
- (literary) to examine oneself critically; to examine one's thoughts and conduct
- (literary) to supervise; to monitor
Synonyms
[edit]- (to supervise):
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
警 | 察 |
けい Grade: 6 |
さつ Grade: 4 |
on'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- police
- 警察に逮捕される。
- Keisatsu ni taiho sareru.
- Arrested by the police.
- 警察に逮捕される。
- Short for 警察署 (keisatsusho, “police station”).
Derived terms
[edit]- 警察官 (keisatsukan, “police officer”)
- 警察署 (keisatsusho, “police station”)
- 警察庁 (keisatsuchō, “National Police Agency”)
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
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警 | 察 |
Noun
[edit]警察 • (gyeongchal) (hangeul 경찰)
Okinawan
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
警 | 察 |
きー Grade: 6 |
さち Grade: 4 |
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
警 | 察 |
ちー Grade: 6 |
さち Grade: 4 |
Etymology
[edit]First used around the beginning of the Meiji period,[1] borrowed from Japanese 警察 (keisatsu).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]警察 or 警察 (kīsachi or chīsachi)
References
[edit]- ^ Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)
Further reading
[edit]- “きーさち・ちーさち【警察】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
- “キーサチ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
- “チーサチ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).(permanent dead link)
Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
警 | 察 |
Noun
[edit]警察
Categories:
- Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation
- Cantonese terms with audio pronunciation
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
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- Dungan lemmas
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- zh:Law enforcement
- zh:Occupations
- zh:People
- zh:Collectives
- Japanese terms spelled with 警 read as けい
- Japanese terms spelled with 察 read as さつ
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- ja:Law enforcement
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- Okinawan terms spelled with 察 read as さち
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- ryu:Law enforcement
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