伏

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

伏 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人戈大 (OIK), four-corner 2323₄, composition ⿰亻犬)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 95, character 23
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 438
• Dae Jaweon: page 202, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 119, character 4
• Unihan data for U+4F0F

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		伏

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 伏
Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts
Bronze inscriptions b12383 Small seal script s05877 Transcribed ancient scripts L37486 L37487 L37488 L25340 L25341 L25342 L25343 L25344 L25345 L25346 L25347 L25348 L25349 L25350 L25351
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (伏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
絥	*brɯɡs, *bɯɡ
伏	*bɯɡs, *bɯɡ
垘	*bɯːɡ
茯	*bɯɡ
洑	*bɯɡ
栿	*bɯɡ

Etymology 1

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fú (fu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): buk⁶ / fuk⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fu̍k / pu̍k / puk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ho̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hog⁸ / pag⁴

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵voq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fú
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fú
    • Wade–Giles: fu²
    • Yale: fú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwu
    • Palladius: фу (fu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: buk⁶ / fuk⁶
    • Yale: buhk / fuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: buk⁹ / fuk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: bug⁶ / fug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʊk̚²/, /fʊk̚²/

Note:

• buk6 - vernacular;
• fuk6 - literary.

• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu̍k / pu̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: fug / bug
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fug⁶ / bug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /fuk̚⁵/, /puk̚⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fu̍k / pu̍k / puk
    • Hakka Romanization System: fug / bug / bug`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fug⁶ / bug⁶ / bug⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /fuk̚⁵/, /puk̚⁵/, /puk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ho̍k
    • Tâi-lô: ho̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hok
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔk̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hog⁸ / pag⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ho̍k / phak
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hok̚⁴/, /pʰak̚²/

Note:

• hog4 - literary;
• pag4 - vernacular.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵voq
    • MiniDict: voh^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²voq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /voʔ³⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: bjuwk

Rime
Character	伏
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	房六切
Baxter	bjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/biuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/biuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buwk̚/
Li Rong	/biuk̚/
Wang Li	/bĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fuk6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*bɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	伏
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fú
Middle Chinese	‹ bjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ək/
English	lie prostrate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	伏
Reading #	2/2
No.	3333
Phonetic component	伏
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	伏
Old Chinese	/*bɯɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 伏

1. to wait for
2. to lie prostrate
3. to crouch, crawl, lie hidden, conceal
4. to ambush
5. to surrender
6. to go down
7. to remain
8. to remove
9. to accept; to bear; to endure; to submit

   • 屠羊說曰：「大王失國，非臣之罪，故不敢伏其誅；大王反國，非臣之功，故不敢當其賞。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     屠羊说曰：「大王失国，非臣之罪，故不敢伏其诛；大王反国，非臣之功，故不敢当其赏。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Tú yáng Yuè yuē: “Dàiwang shī guó, fēi chén zhī zuì, gù bùgǎn fú qí zhū; dàiwang fǎn guó, fēi chén zhī gōng, gù bùgǎn dāng qí shǎng.” [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

10. residence
11. hot days
12. horizontal wooden bar in front of a sedan chair
13. Short for 伏特 (fútè, “volt”).
14. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 服 (fú).
15. a surname

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fù (fu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fù
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fù
    • Wade–Giles: fu⁴
    • Yale: fù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
    • Palladius: фу (fu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/

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• Middle Chinese: bjuwk

Rime
Character	伏
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	房六切
Baxter	bjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/biuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/biuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buwk̚/
Li Rong	/biuk̚/
Wang Li	/bĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fuk6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ək/

  (Zhengzhang): /*bɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	伏
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fú
Middle Chinese	‹ bjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ək/
English	lie prostrate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	伏
Reading #	2/2
No.	3333
Phonetic component	伏
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	伏
Old Chinese	/*bɯɡ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 伏

1. to hatch
2. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 負／负 (fù).
3. (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 復／复 (fù).

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 袱. (This character is the second-round simplified form of 袱).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 伏 – see 匐. (This character is the second-round simplified form of 匐).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

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Japanese

Kanji

伏

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. prostrated
2. bend down
3. bow
4. cover
5. lay pipes

Readings

• Go-on: ぶく (buku)
• Kan-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
• On: ふう (fū)
• Kun: ふす (fusu, 伏す, Jōyō); ふせる (fuseru, 伏せる, Jōyō); したがう (shitagau, 伏う)
• Nanori: ぶせ (buse)

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Korean

Hanja

伏 • (bok, bu) (hangeul 복, 부)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

伏: Hán Nôm readings: phục

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.