供

Translingual

Han character

供 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人廿金 (OTC), four-corner 2428₁, composition ⿰亻共)

Derived characters

• 䣏, 𥯏, 𧨻

Descendants

• 𛀮

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 102, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 605
• Dae Jaweon: page 216, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 144, character 4
• Unihan data for U+4F9B

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		供

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 供
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Small seal script s05738 Transcribed ancient scripts L00855 L00856
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (共) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
港	*kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs
巷	*ɡroːŋs
衖	*ɡroːŋs
鬨	*ɡroːŋs, *ɡloːŋs
烘	*qʰloːŋ, *qʰloːŋs, *ɡoːŋ, *ɡloːŋs
洪	*ɡloːŋ
鉷	*ɡloːŋ
谼	*ɡloːŋ
葓	*ɡoːŋ
哄	*ɡloːŋs
蕻	*ɡloːŋs
恭	*kloŋ
供	*kloŋ, *kloŋs
龔	*kloŋ
珙	*kloŋ, *kloŋʔ
共	*kloŋ, *ɡloŋs
髸	*kloŋ
拱	*kloŋʔ
拲	*kloŋʔ, *kloɡ
蛬	*kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ
栱	*kloŋʔ
輁	*kloŋʔ, *ɡloŋ
舼	*ɡloŋ
輂	*kloɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kloŋ, *kloŋs) : semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 共 (OC *kloŋ, *ɡloŋs).

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gōng, gòng (gong¹, gong⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥ, ㄍㄨㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gung¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiûng
• Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆ng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): keng / kiong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gêng³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹kon

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gong
    • Wade–Giles: kung¹
    • Yale: gūng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
    • Palladius: гун (gun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, common mispronunciation)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: gòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: gòng
    • Wade–Giles: kung⁴
    • Yale: gùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gonq
    • Palladius: гун (gun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gung¹
    • Yale: gūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: giung´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giung¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyŋ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
    • Tâi-lô: king
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
    • Tâi-lô: kiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³/

Note:

• keng - vernacular;
• kiong - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: gêng³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kèng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /keŋ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹kon
    • MiniDict: kon^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹kon
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /koŋ⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: kjowng

Rime
Character	供
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	九容切
Baxter	kjowng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kioŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kioŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuawŋ/
Li Rong	/kioŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭwoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯woŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gung1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k<r>oŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kloŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	供
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	gōng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjowng ›
Old Chinese	/*k<r>oŋ/
English	furnish; serve, offer
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	供
Reading #	1/2
No.	4167
Phonetic component	共
Rime group	東
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	恭
Old Chinese	/*kloŋ/

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 供

1. to supply; to provide for
2. to provide certain convenience or support
3. a surname

Pronunciation 2

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 供

1. to present incense or offerings before the image of a god or the deceased; to enshrine and worship
2. offering; tribute; sacrifice
3. to assume office
4. to confess; to own up; to make a confession of
5. confession; admission; owning up
6. to look after (one's parents or children etc.); to support

Compounds

(deprecated template usage)

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Japanese

Kanji

供

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. companion
2. offer

Readings

• Go-on: く (ku, Jōyō ^†)
• Kan-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: ぐ (gu)
• Kun: そなえる (sonaeru, 供える, Jōyō); とも (tomo, 供, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 供(そな)え物(もの) (sonaemono, “offering to gods”)
• 供物(くもつ) (kumotsu, “offering to gods”)
• 供宴(きょうえん) (kyōen, “banquet”)
• 供応(きょうおう) (kyōō, “treating to dinner”)
• 供花(きょうか) (kyōka, “floral offering”)
• 供犠(くぎ) (kugi, “animal sacrifice”)
• 供給(きょうきゅう) (kyōkyū, “supply”)
• 供血(きょうけつ) (kyōketsu, “blood donation”)
• 供御(くご) (kugo, “emperor's meal”)
• 供祭(ぐさい) (gusai, “offering”)
• 供出(きょうしゅつ) (kyōshutsu, “delivery”)
• 供述(きょうじゅつ) (kyōjutsu, “affidavit”)
• 供進(ぐしん) (gushin, “giving an offering”)
• 供人(ともびと) (tomobito, “companion”)
• 供勢(ともぜい) (tomozei, “servant”)
• 供託(きょうたく) (kyōtaku, “deposit”)

• 供米(きょうまい) (kyōmai, “rice delivered to the government”)
• 供奉(ぐぶ) (gubu, “accompanying”)
• 供与(きょうよ) (kyōyo, “provision”)
• 供用(きょうよう) (kyōyō, “offer for use”)
• 供養(くよう) (kuyō, “memorial service”)
• 供覧(きょうらん) (kyōran, “display”)
• 供料(きょうりょう) (kyōryō, “offering”)
• 口供(こうきょう) (kōkyō, “affidavit”)
• 自供(じきょう) (jikyō, “confession”)
• 節供(せっく) (sekku, “seasonal festival”)
• 提供(ていきょう) (teikyō, “providing”)
• 私供(わたしども) (watashidomo, “we”)
• 初節供(はつぜっく) (hatsuzekku)
• 子供(こども) (kodomo, “child”)
• [試供品(しきょうひん) (shikyōhin, “free sample”)

Kanji in this term
供
とも Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Noun

供(とも) • (tomo) 

1. attendant, servant
2. companion
3. entourage

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 人身御供(ひとみごくう) (hitomigokū, “human sacrifice”)
• 供回(ともまわ)り (tomomawari)

• 供待(ともま)ち (tomomachi, “attendant's waiting room”)
• 供揃(ともぞろ)い (tomozoroi, “attendants”)

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Korean

Hanja

供 (eum 공 (gong))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

供: Hán Nôm readings: cung, cúng, củng, cũng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation