原

See also: 厡

Translingual

Han character

原 (Kangxi radical 27, 厂+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一竹日火 (MHAF), four-corner 7129₆, composition ⿸厂⿱白小)

Derived characters

• 傆, 塬, 獂, 源, 嫄, 榞, 螈, 羱, 縓, 豲, 謜, 騵 (𫘪), 願 (𫖸), 蒝, 愿, 厵

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 162, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2973
• Dae Jaweon: page 368, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 74, character 9
• Unihan data for U+539F

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		原
alternative forms		厡 邍 “plain” ⿸厂元 (second-round simplified)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 原
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (原) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
羱	*ŋʷaːn, *ŋʷan
豲	*ɦŋʷaːn
謜	*sŋ̊ʰʷan, *ŋʷan
縓	*sŋ̊ʰʷan, *sŋ̊ʰʷans
原	*ŋʷan
源	*ŋʷan
厵	*ŋʷan
嫄	*ŋʷan
騵	*ŋʷan
榞	*ŋʷan
獂	*ŋʷan
蒝	*ŋʷan
願	*ŋʷans
傆	*ŋʷans
愿	*ŋʷans

Ideogram (指事) – a spring 泉 bursting from a cliff-side 厂: origin.

Etymology

The sense “source, origin; basic, primary” is perhaps related to 元 (OC *ŋon, “head; principal; first; great”) (Qiu, 1988).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yuán (yuan²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngièn / ngiàn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ngian²

• Eastern Min (BUC): nguòng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): goân

  (Teochew, Peng'im): nguang⁵ / nguêng⁵

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶gnioe

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
    • Wade–Giles: yüan²
    • Yale: ywán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
    • Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jyun⁴
    • Yale: yùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jyn⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngièn
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngienˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngian²
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯en¹¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiàn
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngianˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngian²
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯an¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngian²
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋian¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: nguòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋuoŋ⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goân
    • Tâi-lô: guân
    • Phofsit Daibuun: goaan
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡuan²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡuan²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡuan¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡuan²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡuan²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: nguang⁵ / nguêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nguâng / nguêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋuaŋ⁵⁵/, /ŋueŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• nguang5 - Shantou;
• nguêng5 - Chaozhou.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶gnioe
    • MiniDict: nyoe^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyyoe
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲyø²³/

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• Middle Chinese: ngjwon

Rime
Character	原
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	愚袁切
Baxter	ngjwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋuan/
Li Rong	/ŋiuɐn/
Wang Li	/ŋĭwɐn/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-ɢʷar/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	原	原
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuán	yuán
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjwon ›	‹ ngjwon ›
Old Chinese	/*N-ɢʷar/	/*N-ɢʷar/
English	spring, source; origin	high plain (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	原
Reading #	1/1
No.	16186
Phonetic component	原
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	元
Old Chinese	/*ŋʷan/
Notes	金文象泉源，爲源初文

Definitions

(deprecated template usage) 原

1. meadow; field; plain; prairie; tundra; wilderness
2. source; origin; beginning
3. Original form of 源 (yuán, “fountainhead; source”).
4. basic; fundamental
5. original; primary
6. originally; at the beginning
7. to originate; to arise
8. to trace the source; to probe into
9. to forgive; to pardon
10. a surname

Synonyms

• (origin): 元 (yuán)

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Japanese

Kanji

原

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: ごん (gon)
• Kan-on: げん (gen, Jōyō)^{←げん (gen, historical)←ぐゑん (gwen, ancient)}
• Kan’yō-on: がん (gan)^{←ぐわん (gwan, historical)}
• Kun: はら (hara, 原, Jōyō)
• Nanori: た (ta); ばる (baru); ら (ra); わた (wata); わら (wara)

Compounds

Compounds

• 原(げん)料(りょう) (genryō)
• 草(そう)原(げん) (sōgen), 草(くさ)原(はら) (kusahara)
• 原(げん)語(ご) (gengo)
• 笹(ささ)原(わら) (sasawara), 笹(ささ)原(はら) (sasahara)
• 砂(すな)原(はら) (sunahara)
• 原(げん)稿(こう) (genkō)
• 原(げん)理(り) (genri)
• 原(げん)産(さん) (gensan)
• 原(げん)素(そ) (genso)
• 原(げん)始(し) (genshi)
• 原(げん)油(ゆ) (gen'yu)
• 原(げん)因(いん) (gen'in)
• 原(げん)子(し) (genshi)
• 原(げん)作(さく) (gensaku)
• 原(げん)則(そく) (gensoku)
• 原(げん)子(し)番(ばん)号(ごう) (genshi bangō): atomic number
• 原(げん)潜(せん) (gensen)
• 原(げん)価(か)計(けい)算(さん) (genka keisan)
• 医(い)原(げん)性(せい)疾(しっ)患(かん) (igensei shikkan)
• 広(こう)原(げん) (kōgen)
• 雪(せつ)原(げん) (setsugen)
• 原(げん)動(どう)機(き) (gendōki)
• 原(げん)名(めい) (genmei)
• 医(い)原(げん)病(びょう) (igenbyō)
• 原(げん)爆(ばく) (genbaku)
• 原(げん)水(すい)爆(ばく) (gensuibaku)
• 高(こう)原(げん) (kōgen)
• 高(たか)天(あま)原(はら) (takāmahara)
• 医(い)原(げん) (igen)
• 海(うな)原(ばら) (unabara)
• 原(げん)子(し)序(じょ)数(すう) (genshi josū)
• 原(げん)子(し)序(じょ) (genshijo)
• 原(げん)液(えき) (gen'eki)
• 原(げん)義(ぎ) (gengi)
• 原(げん)本(ぽん) (genpon)
• 原(げん)状(じょう) (genjō)
• 原(げん)文(ぶん) (genbun)
• 原(げん)子(し)核(かく) (genshikaku)
• 原(げん)発(ぱつ) (genpatsu)
• 原(げん)形(けい)質(しつ) (genkeishitsu): protoplasm
• 関(せき)ヶ原(はら) (Sekigahara)
• 与(よ)那(な)原(ばる) (yonabaru)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
原
はら Grade: 2
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, finished some time after 759 CE. Compare Korean 벌 (peol, “plain, field”).

Noun

原(はら) • (hara) 

1. meadow, plain, field

Usage notes

Specifically refers to a field that is not cultivated.

Proper noun

原(はら) or 原(proper) • (hara or proper) [[Category:Japanese
|はら]]

1. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
原
げん Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 原 (MC ngjwon, “source; origin; beginning”).

Noun

原(げん) • (gen) 

1. the original thing

Prefix

原(げん) • (gen-) 

1. the original

   原(げん)文(ぶん)、原(げん)材料(ざいりょう)

   genbun, gen-zairyō

   original document, original / raw materials

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Korean

Hanja

原 (eumhun 언덕 원 (eondeok won))

Hanja

原 (eumhun 근원 원 (geunwon won))

Compounds

• 原子 (원자, wonja)

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Vietnamese

Han character

原: Hán Nôm readings: nguyên, nguyễn

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